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SPCM- Unit 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| persuasive speech | speech whose message attempts to change or reinforce an audience's thoughts, feelings, or actions |
| question of fact | questions if something is true or not |
| question of value | questions that addresses morality of an object, action, or belief |
| question of policy | question that addresses the best course of action or solution to a problem |
| gain immediate action | encourage the audience to engage in a specific behavior or take a specific action |
| call to action | request that an audience engage in some clearly stated behavior |
| gain passive agreement | ask an audience to adopt a new position without asking them to act in support of it |
| problem-solution | focus on presenting a problem and that it can be solved by a specific solution |
| problem-cause-solution organization | identifies specific problem, the causes of that problem, and the solution to that problem |
| comparative advantages organization | illustrates the advantages of one solution over others |
| Monroe's motivated sequence | step-by-step process by getting attention, demonstrating a need, satisfying that need, visualizing beneficial results, and calling for action |
| two-sided message | addresses both sides of an issue and refuting one side to prove that one is better |
| counterarguments | arguments against the speaker's position |
| fear appeal | threat of something undesirable happening if change does not occur |
| logos | logical arrangement of evidence |
| ethos | credibility |
| pathos | emotional appeals |
| mythos | cultural myths (the reference/thought) |
| credibility | audience's perception of competence and character |
| competence | audience's perception of intelligence, expertise, and knowledge |
| character | audience's perception of sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for their well-being |
| initial credibility | before speech |
| derived credibility | developed during the speech |
| terminal credibility | at the end |
| common ground | similarities, shared interests, and mutual perspectives a speaker has with an audience |
| fallacy | argument that seems valid but is flawed with unsound evidence or reasoning |
| ad hominem | attacks a person rather than arguments |
| bandwagon | something is correct or good because everyone else thinks so |
| either-or | claims that options are A or B when there are more |
| false cause | mistaking a chronological relationship for a causal one |
| hasty generalization | too few cases to support the claim |
| red herring | introduces irrelevant information |
| slippery slope | taking a step in one direction will lead to inevitable and undesirable further steps |
| inductive reasoning | uses specific examples to make a claim about a general conclusion |
| deductive reasoning | process of reasoning that uses a familiar and commonly accepted claim to establish the truth of a very specific claim |
| major premise | claim in an argument that states a familiar, commonly accepted belief |
| minor premise | claim in an argument that states a specific instance that related to a major premise |
| analogical reasoning | a process of reasoning by way of comparison and similarity that implies that because 2 things resemble each other in one respect, they must share similarities in other respects |
| reasoning by sign | assumes something exists or will happen based on something else that exists or has happened |
| plan | explain, who will enforce, funding |
| need | explanation, who is affected, severity, dangers |
| practicality | cure, advantages>disadvantages, counterarugments |
Created by:
melaniebeale
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