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key advantage of __ is that they allow the researcher to study events in natural settings
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to obtain as holistic a picture as possible of a particular society, group, institution, setting, or situation
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EDL541 Unit 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| key advantage of __ is that they allow the researcher to study events in natural settings | observational studies and ethnographies |
| to obtain as holistic a picture as possible of a particular society, group, institution, setting, or situation | ethnographic study |
| 2 key tools of ethnographic studies | in-depth interviewing and continual, ongoing participant observation of a situation |
| the ___'s intent is to discover and describe the normal, the everyday life and events of the participants and the culture. | ethnographer |
| Bogdan and Biklen's' five features of qualitative research | 1 The natural setting is source of the data researcher is key instrument 2. collected in words or pictures 3.concerned with process as well as products. 4.tend to analyze their data inductively 5 make sense of lives is a major concern |
| variety of approaches to get a holistic picture | ethnographic research |
| 6 ethnographic concepts that guide ethnographic researchers | culture, holistic perspective, emic vs. etic perspectives, thick description, member checking, and nonjudgmental orientation |
| ___ and ___ are the key tools of ethnography | interviewing & observation |
| insiders perspective of reality | emic perspective |
| external objective perspective on reality | etic perspective |
| participants review researchers notes | member checking |
| notes that attempt to describe people, setting, etc | descriptive field notes |
| notes about what the researcher is thinking about while they observe | reflective field notes |
| some form of comparison from two or more data sources in order to verify the researcher’s (or perhaps a subject’s) observations. | triangulation |
| Action research is conducted by … individuals or groups for the purpose of ¬¬__________ _ __________ or obtaining information to _________ ________ ________. | solving a problem or obtaining info in order to inform local practice |
| Those involved in action research generally want to solve some kind of day-to-day _______ __________....” | immediate problem |
| In contrast to a model in which decision-making authority lies solely with policy-makers and administrators (as is sometimes implied in traditional evaluation), in action research, an assumption is that “_____________ have the authority to make decisi | teachers and other education professionals |
| In contrast to a model that assumes motivations for improvement are extrinsic, action research is that teachers and other education professionals want to______ and also that “teachers and other education professionals are committed to continual _______ | improve practice, continual professional development |
| In contrast to an assumption often held in traditional research and evaluations models that research and evaluation should be done by neutral third parties, an assumption in action research is that ”teachers will and can engage in systematic _______ | research |
| two types of action research | practical action research, participatory action research |
| address specific local problem | practical action research |
| share info on specific problem, empower individuals to improve lives, bring social change | participatory action research (involves multiple stakeholders) |
| To be maximally successful, practical action research should result in an ______ _____” | action plan |
| in participatory action research the problem to be studied must be a problem that is important to the _____________, and not simply of interest to the researcher | stakeholders |
| The benefits of the study accrued to the __________________ and (presumably) to the __ | researcher/ society |
| 4 steps in action research | ID problem, Obtain info, Analyze/Interpret info, Develop plan of action |
| *One of the key differences between interviews and focus groups is that, in the focus group, the researcher often wants to create ________ among participants. | interaction |
| *(This is a "multiple answer" question. Check all that apply.) I hope that a few of you will design studies that use interviews or focus groups. Interviews and focus groups are useful if: | Your questions are mainly open ended. You see yourself more in the role of "discoverer" than one out to prove something |
| * Which of the following is the proper way to include a reference within the body of your paper (e.g., in the Introduction or Review of the Literature)? | Jones (1999) found... |
| * Which of the following is the correct way to include a co-authored reference in the main body of your paper (e.g., in the Introduction or Review of Literature)? | Smith and Jones (1999) reported... |
| *Which is the proper way to include a brief quotation? | According to Smith and Jones (1995), "many teachers..." (p. 5). |
| *In the References at the back of the paper, you see the following: Lastname, I. I. (1999). Article title without quotes, without caps, followed by a period. Journal Title Capitalized and Italicized, 12, 443-449. Which of the following answers is best? | The citation style is correct for citing journal articles. |
| *When choosing participants for a focus group, you will probably use this kind of sampling: | Purposive sampling. |
| *Although not required, it can be good if a study uses multiple measures and gathers both qualitative and quantitative data on the same topic. | true |
| *"Using a variety of instruments to collect data" is sometimes referred to as _____________________ (all lower case), particularly if the data from those different instruments is used to support a conclusion. | triangulation |
| *Which of the following are areas Fraenkel and Wallen say should be addressed in the "problem to be investigated" when writing a research paper? (This is the section or chapter Dr. Matthews suggests labeling the "Introduction.") | all choices |
| *In the justification section, the researcher should: | both |
| *The reason or goal for explaining the procedure in detail is to make _______________ of the study possible. | replication |
| *What type of sampling is often used in qualitative research? | purposive |
| *Interviews are a good way to get at "things we cannot directly observe." Most of the following are good topics for interviews because they cannot be directly observed. Which of the following is something that CAN be directly observed? (It might be okay t | current behaviors |
| *Which of the following is information that key informants (or key actors) can provide to the researcher? | all choices |
| *Your proposal sketch will not include a results or a discussion chapter. | true |
| * the discussion section of a report presents the author's interpretation of what the results imply for theory and/or practice. | true |
| * According to Fraenkel and Wallen, there should be "no room for disagreement regarding the statements" made in both the results and the discussion sections. | False Response Feedback: Fraenkel and Wallen said there's room for disagreement in one of those chapters but not in the other. Dr. Matthews' lecture made a similar point. |
| *All sections of a research proposal or a research report should be consistent with one another. | true |
| *Whether a researcher uses quantitative or qualitative methods depends on what the researcher is studying and what he or she wants to find out. | true |
| *Qualitative researchers prefer to see data reduced to numerical scores. | false |
| * Researchers who use quantitative methodologies often show a willingness to manipulate aspects, situations, or conditions in studying complex phenomena. | true |
| * When the quantitative data collection and analysis stage occurs first, and the qualitative follows with the purpose of better understanding the quantitative findings (as we might see if we did a written survey first, then did some interviews to see why | explanatory |
| *. When the qualitative data collection and analysis stage occurs first, and the quantitative follows (perhaps with the purpose of better understanding the extent or degree of the qualitative findings, as we might see if we did an interview first, then di | exploratory |
Created by:
Mrs. Bridgman