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Exam questions
exams 1-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Activation of which receptors on airway smooth muscle, leads to the activation of adenylcyclase and an increase in the intracellular concentration of clyclic-3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate? | Beta2-adrenergic |
| Of the following, which products do not require FDA approval of their safety and effectiveness before they are marketed? I. Pharmaceuticals II. Neutraceuticals III. Herbal Supplements IV. Dietary Supplements | II, III, IV |
| Which of the following should be considered when providing drug/medication administration via the PO route? | May be enteric-coated, sustained release, and given in the form of a tablet or capsule, however, when crushed potency may be lost |
| The following expression 105 is equal to which of the following? | 100,000 |
| All of the following are types of names assigned to drugs/medications except | All are examples of names assigned to drugs/medications |
| Which of the following are approved routes of drug/medication administration? I. Parenteral II. Enteral III. Topical IV. Inhalation V. Transdermal | I, II, III, IV, V |
| The process by which NE is recycled back into the synaptic knob to be stored for future use is? | Reuptake |
| Mechanisms of drug/medication elimination include | All of the above |
| When administering drugs/medications, why do side effects occur? | Selectivity |
| All of the following are considered potential adverse effects of the administration of beta-blockers except? | Tachycardia |
| If a receptor has developed tolerance to certain drug/medications, which of the following is true? | Increased amounts of the same drug/medication may be needed to produce the same therapeutic effect |
| If you were to give 6 mL of a 0.1% strength solution, how many milligrams are in the dose? | 6mg |
| All of the following are true regarding writing numbers in health care documentation except? | A Zero should always follow a decimal point |
| The body surface nomogram compares what two measurements? | Height and Weight |
| The following nervous system provides a complete network of motor and sensory fibers connecting the central nervous system to the rest of the body. | Peripheral Nervous System |
| The neurotransmitter Acetylcholine is... I. Abbreviated Ach II. Located at the preganglionic junction of the parasympathetic nervous system III. Located at the postganglionic junction of the parasympathetic nervous system IV. Located at the postgangli | I, II, III |
| True or False: Drugs/medications that antagonize the sympathetic response are called antiadrenergics or sympatholytics, and are also referred to as blockers | True |
| Drugs/medications are assigned generic names by the? | USAN |
| True or False: a drug/medication having a short half-life will stay in the body for longer periods of time | False |
| All of the following drugs/medications listed inhibit liver enzymes except which one? | Phenytoin |
| The following nervous system controls all basic bodily functions and responds to external changes? | Central Nervous System |
| Which of the following sentences best describes the action that follows and increase of cyclic AMP? | Increased cyclic AMP leads to the activation of protein kinase A, which inhibits the phosphorylation of myosin and lowers intracellular ionic calcium concentrations, resulting in relaxtation of smooth muscle |
| What a drug/medication does to the body best describes | Pharmacodynamics |
| Which of the following are true of parasympthatetic stimulation? I. Dilated pupils II. Slowed heart rate III. Digestion inhibition IV. Contraction of bladder | II, IV |
| The following nervous system, parallels the spinal cord but is spearately involved in control of exocrine glands, blood vessels, organs, and external genitalia | Autonomic Nervous System |
| True or False: a drug/medication having a long halfe-life will stay in the body for longer periods of time | True |
| When assessing PERRLA, which portion of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for the pupil's reaction ot light? | Autonomic |
| Drugs/medications that stimulate or mimic the parasympathetic receptors are called | A and C are correct |
| In which of the following drugs/medications is the L isomer 15 times more active than the D isomer? | Epinephrine |
| All of the following are true regarding the absorption of drugs/medications administered PO except? | PO drugs/medications administered that undergo the first-pass effect go directly into systemic circulation |
| True or False: Beta2 receptor stimulation results in vasoconstriction and bronchodilation? | False |
| Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for conducting sensory information such as pain, back to the brain via afferent nerves? | Somatic |
| Which of the following are types of Cholinergic Receptors? I. Alpha Receptors II. Beta Receptors III. Muscarinic Receptors IV. Nicotinic Receptors | III, IV |
| An agonist agent... I. Has an affinity for a receptor to cause a specific response II. Activates the receptor III. Have very little to no response when combined IV. Deactivates the receptor | I, II |
| How many milliliters of a 1 : 1,000 epinephrine solution are needed for a 5mg dose? | 5mL |
| The strength of binding between drug and receptor is best defined by which of the following terms | Affinity |
| The following expression 10-4 is equal to which of the following? | 0.001 |
| A child with severe allergies is instructed on the use of an epi-pen. Why is Epinephrine the medication administered via the self-injectable device? | B and C are correct. epinephrine is given due to its Beta1&2 and Alpha 1&2 effects to relieve the onset of anaphylaxis |
| Drug/Medication-dose relationships are important due to which of the following explanations? | Drug/medication-dose relationships help us to understand how to titrate drugs/medications to reach maximum efficacy |
| Ture or False: Drugs/medications that mimic the sympathetic receptors are called adrenergics or sympathomimetics? | True |
| Of the following, which is the best selection for a medication's Trade Name? | Proventil HFA® |
| All of the following are Systems of Measurement except? | International SystemΣ |
| True or False: Drugs/medications that block parasympathetic receptors are called anticholinergics or parasympatholytics? | True |
| The peripheral nervous system is divided into what two main divisions? | Somatic and Autonomic |
| When a drug/medication binds to a receptor site; which of the following, are desired effects? | All of the above |
| A patient presents to the ED after being found to hae ingested an entire bottle of acetaminophen. The physician is at a loss for remembering the antidote to antagonize the effects of poisoninf for acetaminophen ingestion. He was elated to see you round th | A or B |
| Which of the following are true regarding Alpha Receptors? I. Found primarily in smooth muscle of blood vessels II. Stimulation causes vasodilation III. Alpha1 receptors are a type of Alpha Receptors IV. Alpha2 receptors are a type of Alpha Receptors | I, III, IV |
| True or False: The receptor to which Acetylcholine binds as it diffuses across the presynaptic junction in either the parasympathetic or sympathetic systems are called nicotinic receptors? | True |
| Which of the following would provide the best example of a parenteral route of drug/medication administration? | IM |
| Which type of drug/medication solution represents a powdered drug/medication mixed in a solution? | w/v |
| During which phase(s) of human testing for drug/medication development, are studies conducted, after the drug/medication is placed on the market? I. Phase I II. Phase II III. Phase III IV. Phase IV | IV only |
| Which of the following are types of Adrenergic Receptors? I. Muscarinic Receptors II. Beta Receptors III. Nicotinic Receptors IV. Alpha Receptors | II, IV |
| How many cc are in 1500 mL? | 1500cc |
| 60 kg equals how many mg? | 60,000,000mg |
| How many cm are in 1 mile? (Exactly) | 160,934.4cm |
| Which of the following drugs/medications can be assessed for by blood-level testing? | Theophylline |
| Which federal agency is responsible for regulating, testing, and approving new drugs for market? | FDA |
| All of the following are true regarding afferent nerves except? | They are motor pathways |
| The Metric System is based on exponential powers of... | 10 |
| Albuterol was ordered in the pediatric ED. The physician ordered to run a continuous nebulizer for eight hours. The recommended dose of Albuterol for this pediatric patient is 1.5mg/kg/hr. The pateint weighs 95 lbs. What is the total dose of albuterol to | 518.16 mg |
| 500 mL equals how many L? | 0.5 L |
| Which of the following is considered a base unit in the Metric System of measurement? | Liter |
| A drug/medication's movement throughout the body via absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination refers to which pharmacologic prinicple? | Pharmacokinetics |
| To ensure the accurate drug/medication is administered, all of the following are true regarding the six "rights" except? | All of the above are true statements |
| Which of the following are true of sympathetic stimulation? I. Release of glucose II. Inhibition of sex organs III. Dilation of bronchioles IV. Constriction of bronchioles | I, II, III |
| Which division of the autonomic nervous system is referred to as the "fight-or-flight" system? | Sympathetic |
| What type of adrenergic agent is albuterol considered? | Catecholamine |
| Per recommendations made by Joint Commission, an appropriate method of hand-writing a prescription for a drug/medication to be taken every day would be? | Every Day |
| Which of the following is not a basic unit of measurement in the Metric System? | Pound |
| Beta1 receptor stimulation results in a positive chronotropic, dromotropic, and inotropic effect on the cardiac system. What does that mean respecitively? | Beta1 receptor stimulation results in an increase in heart rate, increase in conduction, and an increase in contraction |
| Which of the following organizations is responsible for establishing drug standards for the United States? | United States Pharmacopeia (USP) |
| Of the following, which is the best way for a physician to write an order for albuterol? | 2 mg/kg four times daily with Hand-Held Nebulizer |
| All of the following are true regarding dopamine receptors except? | Stimulation causes constriction of the renal arteries |
| The study of drugs/medications and their action on the body best describes which of the following terms? | Pharmacology |
| Which division of the autonomic nervous system is referred to as the "sleep and eat" system? | Parasympathetic |
| Which of the following is responsible for breaking down cyclic AMP? | Phosphodiesterase |
| The recommended procedure to follow when using an SVN during mechanical ventilation includes all of the following except: | Turn on the flow-by or flow trigger |
| Racemic epinephrine would be indicated in all the following situations except: | Acute bronchospasm |
| Which of the following drugs would be best used for maintenance of bronchospasm and would not be used during an acute attack? I. Serevent II. Spiriva III. Theophylline | I, II, and III |
| Methylxanthines are believed to cause bronchodilation by which of the following mechanisms? | inhibiting phosphodiesterase |
| If a spacer is not available for use with an MDI, how should you instruct the patient to use the inhaler? | Hold the MDI 3 to 4 centimeters away from your open mouth before depressing the canister |
| Which of the following is referred to as a hormonal receptor? | Catecholamine |
| Which of the following devices is the most capable of creating very stable aerosols? | MDI |
| Which of the following systems is responsible for innervation of the bronchi? I. Autonomic nervous system II. Somatic nervous system III. Central nervous system | I only |
| After removing an endotracheal tube from a patient in the ICU, the patient develops inspiratory stridor. You suspect that there is swelling of the upper airway. To treat the patient, which of the following do you recommend? | Vaponefrin |
| The best deposition into the lower airways is achieved with aerosol particles of which size? | 1 to 5 microns |
| The advantages of drug administration via the inhalation route include: I. Immediate onset of action at the desired site. II. Smaller required doses. III. Increased systemic drug absorption. | I and II |
| While making a routine home visit to one of your COPD patients, you notice that he appears very restless and irritable. He complains that he has been dizzy and nauseated and has been urinating frequently during the past 2 days. You review his medication l | Theobid |
| Drugs delivered by the inhalation route are affected by which of the following factors? I. The properties of the drug being aerosolized II. The device used to generate the aerosol III. The characteristics of the airway IV. The breathing pattern of the | I, II, III, and IV |
| You are called to the emergency room to administer a bland aerosol treatment to a patient for sputum induction. Which of the following agents would you select for its effect in producing irritation and cough? | Hypertonic saline |
| You are called to the ICu to give a stat bronchodilator treatment to a comatose patient. Which of the following devices would be most appropriate for this patient | An SVN with a mask |
| While administering an aerosol bronchodilator to a pediatric patient, the parent asks if the child can be given an oral medication to open her airways. Which of the following could you suggest | Albuterol |
| The pharmacologic approach to secretion management includes all the following except | Incresing the number of bronchial glands |
| Surfactant replacement therapy requires which of following guidelines for proper administration? I. Place an endotracheal tube into the infant's airway. II. Suction the infant prior to surfactant administration. III. Have infant remain in the supine | I and II |
| When taking several medications with an MDI, the patient should be instructed to take which drug first? | Albuterol |
| Expectorants are thought to work by all except wich of the following actions | Breaking disulfide bonds in the mucus |
| Methods for delivering liquid particles of wter to the lung include all the following except | Humidifers |
| Which of the following surfactants is synthetically manufactured | Exosurf |
| You receive a call from the attending physician of a 68-year-old patient with chronic bronchitis. He reports that the patient has very thick secretions that she is unable to remove from her airway and asks for your recommendations. The drug most indicated | N-acetylcysteine |
| While treating a 3-year old patient at a hospital clinic, you are asked to select an aerosol device for bronchodilator therapy at home. The most appropriate device for this patient is | An MDI with a spacer |
| DPIs deliver aerosolized medication to the lungs by | Requiring the patient to generate sufficient inspiratory flow rates. |
| A drug that is used intravenously to stop premature labor and that has shown to cause bronchodilation when administered by aerosol is | Magnesium |
| If an aerosol particle cannot navigate around a branching of the airway and is deposited onto the oncoming airway wall, it has been affected by | Inertial impaction |
| a patient with hyperreactive airways is to receive a bland aerosol treatment with an ultrasonic nebulizer. Which of the following solutions would you select to cause the least irritation | Hypotonic saline |
| Side effects of beta agonists include all except which of the following | Increased respiratory rate |
| aerosol deposition is defined as | particles falling out of suspension |
| Hazaards that can occur with surfactant replacement therapy after administration include hyperoxemia and drecreased PaCO2. These changes can be explained as occuring because of | Increases in tidal volumes due to improvement in lung compliance |
| Pulmozyme would be the treatment of choice for which of the following conditions | Cystic fibrosis |
| Parasympatholytic bronchodilators can be described as: I. Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic system II. Anticholinergic drugs III. Drugs that block acetylcholine | II and III |
| You are called to the emergency room to treat an 18-year-old female who has been admitted in an acute asthma attack. She received two albuterol treatments prior to entering the emergency room. The patient's breath sounds reveal wheezes bilaterally, and sh | continuous nebulization of albuterol |
| Advantages of delivering aerosolized drugs via inhalation include all of the following except | variable dosage |
| Sympathomimetic bronchodilators can be described as: I. Drugs that stimulate intracellular production of cyclic AMP. II. Anticholinergic drugs. III. Drugs that stimulate beta2 receptors. | I and III |
| Mechanisms for producing bronchodilation include drugs tht cause all of the following actions | stimulating the conversion of cyclic AMP to GMP |
| The alveolar structures responsible for the manufaacture of surfactant are | Type II pneumocytes |
| In order for nasal sprays to deposit in the nasal cavity, the particle size should be | 5 to 10 microns |
| All except which of the following are advantages of using a spacer or a holding chamber | It increases the flow rate of the aerosol particles as they move through the spacer. |
| The role of the mucociliary system includes all of the following except | removal of inhaled debris from alveoli through ciliary action |
| Patients who are prescribed inhaled corticosteroids should be instructed to do which of the following to prevent an opportunictic oral infection | Rinse the mouth and throat with mouthwash or water after inhalation of the corticosteroid |
| Pulmozyme should be administered using which of the following nebulizers | Marquest Acorn II |
| Antitussives are indicated for which of the following conditions | Dry, hacking, nonproductive cough |
| All of which of the following are possible disadvantages associated with administration of drugs via the inhalation route | There is a risk of increased systemic side effects |
| You are called to the emergency room to administer a bronchodilator to a patient diagnosed with status asthmaticus. EMS gave her two treaments with an SVN prior to her arrival in the ER. What device would you recommend? | A HEART nebulizer |
| Which of the following bronchodilators is intended for long-term maintenance of asthma that does not have a rapid onset | Salmeterol |
| Xopenex is a sympathomimetic beta agonist that is classified as a | Saligenin |
| Which of the following contributes to mucous clearance from the airways by altering its water content | Normal saline |
| Of the following devices used for delivery of water to the lungs, which would not be suitable when treating infants | Ultrasonic nebulizers |
| Which of the following is an anticholinergic bronchodilator | Spiriva |
| Patients that would benefit most from aerosolized hypertonic saline solution are those with which of the following | Cystic fibrosis |
| Of the following, which is responsible for producing most of the mucus found in the airways | bronchial glands |
| By what route are methylxanthines usually administered to patients with COPD | Orally |
| If the optimal breathing pattern is followed with an inspiratory breath hold, the result is | Deposition of very small, stable particles onto the lung tissue |
| Mechanisms of bronchoconstriction include all the following except | Embolism formation |
| Alpha receptor stimulation produces which of the following effects | vasoconstriction |
| The nebulizer that is most efficient reducing the amount of wasted medication during exhalation is | A BAN |
| You are called to the labor and delivery department to aid i the care of a 28 week gestation infant. Soon after the baby is delivered, the decision is made to begin surfactant replacement thereapy. The physician orders infasurf for the 2,000-gm infant. | 6 ml |
| The most cost-effective and readily available means of maintaining mucokinetics is with which of the following agents | Water |
| Which of the following anticholinergic bronchodilators is available as a dry powder inhaler | Tiotropium bromide |
| Which of the following is a type of sympathetic nervous system receptor found in the lungs that produces bronchodilation when stimulated | Beta 2 |
| If the inspiratory time is prolonged to improve aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation, the respiratory therapist must monitor the patient for which of the following | Auto-PEEP |
| You are called to instruct a patient about the proper procedure for using an MDI. You would instruct the patient to activate the medication in the inhaler | Just as inspiration has begun |
| Synthetic surfactants can be described as which of the following? I. Exogenous II. Containing proteins SP-B and SP-C III. Free of infection and foreign proteins | I and III |
| A physician asks you to evaluate the effectiveness of a patients bronchodilator therapy. The test that would best quantify improvement in airway obstruction is | Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) |
| Lack of surfactant in premature infants less than 34 weeks' gestation is a result of | immature type II pneumocytes |
| Aerosol penetration is defined as | the depth to which the aerosol particles reach the lungs |
| toxicity can result from theophylline due to all the following conditions except | a therapeutic level of 10 mcg/ml |
| A tereatment regime for a patient with thick, retained secretions who is currently receiving oxygen should include all the following except | administration of an antitussive such as dextromethorphan |
| Bypassing the upper airway by placing an endotracheal tube into the lungs can lead to which of the following | All of the above (placement of an endotracheal tube decreases the ability to cilia to beat adequately and leads to impaired mucous clearance. This causes an accumulation of mucus in the lungs and can lead to infection |
| You are called to evaluate a patient who is receiving bronchodilator therapy with albuterol via the inhalation route. The patient tells you that she experiences tremors every time she takes her aerosol treatment. The physician asks you to recommend anothe | Levalbuterol |
| While on a routine home visit, a patient informs you that he has not used his MDI for 2 weeks and asks if the medication is still good. You should tell the patient to | Prime the valve before use |
| Which of the following devices would be suitable for the delivery of medications, such as bronchodilators, via the inhalation route? I. A BAN AeroGen II. An MDI with a holding chamber III. An LVN HEART IV. A DPI | I, II, III, and IV |
| Effects of parasympatholytic agents include: I. Bronchodilation II. Decreased heart rate III. Drying of pulmonary secretions | I and III |
| Which of the following factors will improve aerosol particle size and increase aerosol delivery to the patient? I. Flow rates of 6–8 liters/min II. A dead volume of 3–6 ml III. A fill volume of 4–6 ml | I and III |
| REpeated, prolinged exposure to irritants causes all of the following changes to occur in the airways except | decreased mucous production |
| Terbutaline is a sympathomimetic beta agonist that is classified as a | resorcinol |
| The type of asthma that responds to immunotherapy or allergy shots is | extrinsic |
| Leukotriene release can be explained by which of the following | the lipoxygenase pathways release leukotriene, adding to the late-phase inflammatory response |
| When using the inhalation route to administer anti-infective agents, a respiratory therapist should administer which of the following | bronchodilators |
| Which of the following drugs is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that results in increased vascular smooth muscle contraction and increased heart contractility | Milrinone |
| Fever can be present in which of the following conditions | All of the above. Fever can indicate all of these conditions, and it can also indicate a drug reaction. The absence of fever in the elderly does not rult out an infectious process; in this case, the first clue to infection may be altered mental status |
| A common supraventricular arrhythmia is | atrial fibrillation |
| Which of the following anti-inflammatory agents are available in MDI form? I. Hydrocortisone II. Flunisolide III. Triamcinolone IV. Solu-Medrol | II and III |
| A patient you are caring for in the ICU has been diagnosed with pneumonia caused by staphylococcus aureus. She was given a course of methicillin but has not shown any clinical microbiological improvement. The most appropriate drug to treat her condition | Vancomycin |
| ACE inhibitors are used to reduce the work of the heart by | inducing vasodilation |
| Which of the following anti-inflammatory agents are available in MDI form? I. Hydrocortisone II. Flunisolide III. Triamcinolone IV. Solu-Medrol | I, II, and III |
| A patient is admitted with respiratory infection associated with cystic fibrosis. He is to receive an aerosolized antimicrobial. Which of the following medications would you recommend | Tobramycin |
| The Advair Diskus combines which of the following medications? I. Solu-Medrol II. Serevent III. Flovent IV. Flonase | II and III |
| The mechanism of action of cromoly sodium is the | inhibition of calcium influx into the mast cell, which prevents the release of chemical mediators |
| Which of the following is a ventricular arrhythmia | Torsade do pointes |
| Patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids should be instructed to do which of the following to reduce common side effects | Rinse the mouth with water or mouthwash after using the inhaled steroid. |
| Vasodilators that are used to decrease the afterload forces on the heart include all the following except | Digoxin |
| If exogenous corticosteroid drugs are used, all except which of the following can occur | hypothalamic stimulation, causing CRF to be released. |
| The antihistamine effect of Allegra is accomplished by which of the following mechanisms | Blocking the action of histamine at histamine 1 receptors |
| AFter an antigen-antibody reaction occurs, all of the following events contribute to the early phase inflammatory response except | arachidonic acid metabolism |
| All of the following ions are influential in the conduction system of the heart except | Magnesium |
| Which of the following medications results in increased contractility of the heart | Digoxin |
| You are called to the pediatric floor to provide treatment to a child diagnosed with bronchiolitis caused by RSV. the physician informs you that he would like to start the patient on ribvirin. Which of the following devices is required to deliver the me | SPAG |
| Carvedilol (Coreg) is an example of | A beta blocker |
| The immunoglobulin that is responsible for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma is | IgE |
| Beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors for the treatment of heart failure include which of the following? I. Decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure II. Control of the ventricular rate III. Decrease in systemic vascular resistance | I and III |
| The normal pacemaker for the electrical conduction system of the heart is which of the following | the sinoatrial mode |
| Which of the following is given as an oral medication | Singulair (Serevent (salmeterol), Floent (fluticasone), and Azmacort (trimcinoline) are supplied via either MDI or DPI |
| In heart failure, all of the following conditions can occur except | Increased fluid removal by the kidneys. |
| Which of the following drugs used for heart failure must be shielded form heat or light to maintain stability | Nitroprusside |
| Which of the following is the agent of choice for relief of anginal pain | Nitroglycerin |
| Which of the following antiarrhythmic drugs causes an increase in total calcium, resulting in an increase in the contractility of the heart | Digoxin (inhibits the sodium/potassium exchange pump in the heart, which increases calcium availablility for enhanced contractility. |
| During an asthmatic attack, the production of fatty acid arachidonic acid results in all of the following except | Mast cell membrane destruction |
| Cromolyn is supplied for intranasal use under the trade name | Nasalcrom |
| Immunoglobulins are produced by which of the following | B lymphocytes |
| Prophylactic antiasthmatic agents are known as | Mast cell stabilizers |
| Tapered doses of exogenous pharmacologic corticosteroid drugs are used to do which of the folllowing | Allow time for the body to regain internal regulation of endogenous corticosteroids |
| Which of the following drugs are advantageous in treating late-phase inflammatory asthma? I. Tilade II. Accolate III. Albuterol IV. Flovent | I, II, and Iv |
| Drugs that are time dependent and should not be used for acute reversal of bronchospasm include which of the following: I. Nedocromil II. Montelukast III. Fluticasone | I, II, and III |
| Treatment of acute coronary syndrome with non-ST-segment elevation would involve which of the following medications | Plavix |
| The role of the kidneys in cardiac function includes all of the following except the | Maintenance of oxygen balance |
| Which of the following would indicate that an asthma attack is allergy related | The presence of eosinophils |
| Cardiac cells can become excited in which of the following situations? I. Oxygen deficit II. Electrolyte imbalance III. Ischemia | I, II, and III |
| You are seeing a patient in his home to check his oxygen equipment. When you arrive, the patient appears anxious and states that he has a headache. As you review his medication list, the patient informs you that he started taking erythromycin 3 days ago f | Theophylline |
| Which of the following is not considered a cause of arrhythmias | Pacemaker origination in the SA node |
| A patient requires preventative treatment against influence A and B. She prefers the inhalation route for the drug. Which of the following would you recommend | Zanamivir |
| You are asked to recommend treatment for a 16 year old who is seen in a hospital clinic for seasonal allergies and rhinitis. She explains to you that she suffers from scratchy throat, runny nose, cough, and sneezing but denies SOB and wheezing. What combi | II and III |
| Amrinone is classified as which of the following | A phosphodiesterase inhibitor |
| Diuretic therapy is used in patients with heart failure for which of the following reasons | To reduce excess fluid retention, which increases the workload of the heart |
| Pharmacologic agents used to treat shock include all of the following except | Verapamil |
| All of the following function as a natural defense to inhaled foreign material except | Antigens. |
| All of the following statements concerning Precedex are true except | Precedex has a high incidence of causing hypertension |
| Which of the following types of analgesic inhibits the arachidonic acid cascade, resulting in decreased production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins | Corticosteroids |
| Which of the following is the drug of choice for rapid-wequence intubation and provision of paralysis because of its quick onset and short duration | Succinylcholine |
| Patients that would benefit from prophylactic administration of anticoagulants include all of the following except | Patients with a ventricular fibillation |
| The point at which a nerve cannot accept further electrolyte transfer is known as | The refractory period |
| To make dosage adjustments for heparin, which of the following should be monitored | PTT lab tests |
| In some patients, hypertension may occur because of which of the following? I. Excess sodium II. Potassium retention III. Defective baroreceptors | I and III |
| Ventilatory depression that causes hypoxemia results from which of the following | An alveolar hypoventilation |
| When acetylcholine is released into the synapses of skeletal muscles, contraction can take place only when which of the following is present | Calcium |
| Which of the following vessels contain more vascular smooth muscle and are considered the main resistance vessels | Arterioles |
| A mechanically ventilated patient in multiple system organ failure requires medication to decrease his oxygen consumption and spontaneous work of breathing. Which of the following agents would you recommend? I. Sedative II. Continuous infusion of a NMB | I and II |
| Which of the following anesthetic agens is related to an increased incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting | Nitrous oxide |
| Which of the following conditions causes a decrease in blood pressure | Decreased total peripheral resistance |
| Which of the following drugs used to treat hypertension is also used to treat nicotine withdrawal | Clonidine |
| A hypertensive agent that blocks alpha1 receptors in both arterioles and veins is | Cardura |
| Which of the following are vessels that have little musculature and are considered capacitance vessels | Systemic veins |
| Which of the following antihypertensive agents should be selected for a patient with hypokalemia | Aldactone |
| Which of the following patients would benefit from inhalation of nitric oxide | Premature infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension |
| An example of a condition that results in histotoxic hypoxia is | Cyanide poisoning |
| Which of the following is a low-molecular-weight heparin | Lovenox |
| Which of the following classes of diuretics should be considered for a patient who has low levels of calcium | Thiazides |
| Cardiotonic agents cause all of the following effects to occur except | Vasoconstriction |
| A mechanically ventilated patient in multiple system organ failure requires medication to decrease his oxygen consumption and spontaneous work of breathing. Which of the following agents would you recommend? I. Sedative II. Continuous infusion of a NMB | I and II |
| Which of the following anesthetic agents is related to an increased incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting | Nitrous Oxide |
| In which of the following stages of anesthesia would the patient progress to a state of complete respiratory depression | Stage 3 |
| Local anesthetic medications are divided chemically into which of the following types? I. Caine II. Amide III. Ester | II and III |
| Which of the following conditions causes a reduction in ventilation and results in a v/q mismatch | interstitial pulmonary fibrosis |
| NMBAs are beneficial during mechanical ventilation for all except which of the following | Increased spontaneous breathing |
| A patient that has a blood pressure of 138/85 mmHg and is asymptomatic should receive which of the following initial treatments | lifestyle modification |
| A local anesthetic commonly used during bronchoscopy is | Lidocaine |
| Which of the following factors determine the type of anesthetic medication a patient receives? I. Patient age II. Medical condition III. Drug allergy or sensitivity | I, II and III |
| All except which of the following statements are true about opiods | Respiratory depression is not a side effect of opiods |
| During your intubation rotation, you attend a surgical procedure that requires an NMBA that will last for 40 minutes. The anesthesiologist asks which agent you would select if you wanted to reduce cardiovascular side effects during the 40-minute procedure | Vecuronium |
| Which of the following is a depolarizing NMBA | Succinylcholine |
| Which of the following drugs would least likely be administered for sedation in the ICU | Phenobarbital |
| Patients most likely to become addicted to the euphoric effects of opiods are those being treated | for malignant pain |
| Direct-acting alpha2 agonist used to treat hypertension cause which of the following to occur | Blocking of the release of norepinephrine |
| All except which of the following drugs can cause loss of airway reflexes | Rozerem |
| Successful paralysis with NMBAs is determined by all of the following methods except | Lab testing for a deficiency of pseudocholinesterase |
| Vicodin, an affective analgesic, combines acetaminophen with which of the following | Hydrocodone |
| A 16-year-old asthmatic comes into the ER in acute distress due to bronchospasm. The patient has received two treatments with albuterol, but her condition is deteriorating quickly. The patient is moderately hypoxemic, with a respiratory rate of 32. Which | Inhalation of 30% oxygen and 70% helium |
| Which of the following agents can be used to reverse a neuromuscular blockade? I. Succinylcholine II. Neostigmine III. Pyridostigmine | II and III |
| Of the following, which NMBA would provide the longest duration and an onset of less than 5 minutes | Pavulon |
| Which of the following agents actually dissolves the fibrin of a clot | Activase |
| A 56-year-old female is placed on 100% oxygen. Twenty-four hours later, the patient's condition begins to worsen, and her chest film shows diffuse infiltrates and atelectasis. The physician suspects that she is in the early stages of ARDS. The cause of th | Oxygen toxicity |
| Patients receiving warfarin should be monitored for which of the following possible side effects? I. Blood in the urine or stool II. Nosebleeds III. Petechiae | I, II, and III |
| The range of PaO2 that is classified as moderate hypoxemia is | 40 to 59 mmHg |
| Beta blockers should be used cautiously in patients with which of the following conditions | Insulin-dependent diabetes |
| Reversal of ventilatory depression caused by opoids is accomplished with which of the following | Naloxone |
| Which anticoagulant agent must be given via the parenteral route | Heparin |
| Side effects of opioid analgesics include which of the following? I. Hallucinations II. Seizures III. Respiratory stimulation | I and II |
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kellie0819