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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| patina | film or incrustation, usually green, on the surface of old bronze or copper; any such coating on something old |
| delve | dig; search deeply; investigate |
| sinuous | winding, having many curves; lithe and flexible |
| effrontery | audacious (even arrogant) behavior that one has no right to |
| dabble | work at in a nonserious fashion; splash around; move noisily in a liquid |
| avid | marked by active interest and enthusiasm |
| scapegoat | a person or thing carrying the blame for others |
| impute | attribute (responsibility or fault) to a cause or source |
| lucid | capable of thinking and expressing yourself in a clear and consistent manner |
| iconoclast | someone who tries to destroy traditional ideas or institutions |
| denude | to make bare, uncover, undress |
| maladroit | clumsy; not skillful; awkward; bungling |
| surrogate | a person appointed to represent or act on behalf of others |
| balk | something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress |
| amenable | willing to follow advice or authority, tractable, submissive; responsive; liable to be held responsible |
| misanthrope | a person who hates or despises people |
| immerse | to plunge or dip into a fluid; to involve deeply |
| pungent | sharp biting or acrid especially in taste or smell |
| sheen | the visual property of something that shines with reflected light |
| embellish | make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc. |
| lackadaisical | lacking spirit or liveliness |
| succor | assistance in time of difficulty |
| attribute | a quality or characteristic belonging to or associated with someone or something |
| brash | offensively bold |
| lout | an awkward, stupid person |
| alms | noun - donations given to the needy; something given as charity |
| curmudgeon | noun - a bad-tempered person |
| curtail | verb - to cut short |
| noun | - architecture at the bottom of a stairway railing |
| demagogue | noun - a person who gains power by manipulation |
| verb | - to manipulate in the manner of a demagogue |
| eccentric | adjective - being peculiar or of irregular character noun - a person who is peculiar or of irregular character |
| glut | verb - to feed or fill to excess noun - an excessive supply or amount |
| impugn | verb - to challenge as false; to cast doubt upon |
| incandescent | adjective - intensely bright; aglow with ardor or purpose |
| invective | noun - an insulting or abusive word or expression; a railing accusation adjective - denunciatory; censoriously abusive |
| mendicant | |
| piquant | adjective - pungent or sharp in taste or flavor; stimulating, interesting or attractive |
| profuse | adjective - characterized by spending or giving to excess; abundant |
| proliferate | verb - to grow, increase or spread rapidly and excessively, sometimes by multiplication of parts rabble |
| rail | noun - a bar extending from one post to another as a barrier; a track or railroad verb - to scold with harsh language |
| recalcitrant | adjective - marked by resistance of guidance by authority |
| sabotage | noun - any underhanded interference verb - to undermine a cause |
| satiate | verb - to satisfy to the full; to supply with more than necessary |
| scant | adjective - having a small supply verb - to provide an incomplete supply |
| tortuous | adjective - twisted and crooked; devious, not straightforward |
| umbrage | noun - suspicion; shade/shadows; foliage; offense or displeasure |
| undermine | verb - to attack secretly; to dig underneath; to weaken |
| vagary | noun - an unusual, unpredictable idea or occurrence |
| wanton | adjective - done with malice; done without motive; extravagantly luxurious adjective - (sexually) unrestrained; without regard for morals noun - a person (usually a woman) acting in a wanton manner verb - to act in a wanton manner |
| withhold | verb - to hold back; to refrain from giving |
| dale | an open river valley (in a hilly area) |
| burgeon | grow and flourish |
| coherent | marked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent relation of parts |
| vitriol | abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will |
| lobby | a large entrance or reception room or area |
| condescending | Treating people as weak or inferior |
| spate | a sudden forceful flow |
| ingratiate | gain favor with somebody by deliberate efforts |
| disjointed | lacking orderly continuity |
| privation | lack of necessities |
| inveigh | speak against in an impassioned manner |
| wayward | disobedient, willful; unpredictable, capricious |
| sycophant | a person who tries to please someone in order to gain a personal advantage |
| forgo | to do without, abstain from, give up |
| unctuous | unpleasantly and excessively suave or ingratiating in manner or speech |
| harridan | a scolding (even vicious) old woman |
| uphold | to maintain or support in the face of possible opposition |
| rapacious | excessively greedy and grasping |
| imbroglio | a difficult and embarrassing situation |
| deign | do something that one considers to be below one's dignity |
| rife | excessively abundant |
| supplicant | a person who asks, prays, or begs humbly and earnestly |
| abdicate | to give up a position, right, or power |
| fawning | attempting to win favor from influential people by flattery |
| shortfall | the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required |