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Chapt 18 8th Gde Sci
Radioactivity Unit - Brandt
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| C-14 and C-12 are called what? | Isotopes |
| What differs between isotopes? | The number of neutrons, therefore the atomic mass |
| What holds the nucleus together? | The Strong force |
| Why do isotopes have the same atomic number? | They have the same number of protons |
| What ratio of protons to neutrons is considered stable? | 1:1 for light elements (first three rows); 2:3(.67)for heavy elements (bottom rows) |
| The release of both particles and energy from nuclear decay | radioactivity |
| All elements on the periodic table after this one have ONLY radioactive isotopes. | Bismuth (Bi) |
| What did Henri Becquerel discover? | radioactivity |
| What are the 3 types of nuclear radiation in increasing order of penetrating power? | alpha, beta, gamma |
| Cannot go through your skin, but harmful if swallowed | alpha particle . |
| Radiation made of two protons and two neutrons | alpha particle |
| High speed electron emitted from a nucleus | beta particle |
| Negative and can be stopped by a thin sheet (foil) of metal | beta particle |
| How can an electron be released from the nucleus of a radioactive isotope as it decays? | When a neutron decays, it breaks down into a proton and an electron, which is released from the nucleus. |
| Electromagnetic waves with high energy | gamma rays |
| Most penetrating; stopped only by thick lead or many feet of concrete | gamma rays |
| What do we use to determine the stability of an isotope? | proton to neutron ratio |
| The process of combining together 2 nuclei with low masses to make a new larger atom | fusion |
| The process of splitting a nucleus of an atom into two smaller atoms | fission |
| The time it takes for 1/2 the nuclei in a radioactive sample to decay | half-life |
| A radioactive isotope used by doctors in nuclear imaging to track where molecules go in the body | tracer |
| A device that detects radiation by producing a current and “clicking” | Geiger counter |
| Causes protons and neutrons to be attracted to each other in the nucleus of an atom | strong force |
| The process of changing one element into another through nuclear decay | transmutation |
| A scientist would most likely use carbon-14 to determine the age of what? | A piece of bone or other formerly living material |
| What keeps the chain reaction in a nuclear power plant under control so the plant does not explode like a nuclear bomb? | Control rods absorb neutrons |
| What are some practical uses of nuclear radiation? | Radiation can be used to map brain activity, trace tumors in the body, and treat cancer |
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judi829
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