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Youth, Gang, Drugs
Final Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. The 4 components of legal intervention strategies include all of the following except: | C. Defense |
| 2. All of the following are risk factors for joining gangs except: | B. stability |
| 3. All of the following are reasons for joining gangs except: | C. harm to community |
| 4. Which of the following is not one of the four elements of the social bond according to Hirschi? | C. love |
| 5. Which of the following theories believes that crime is functional to capitalism? | A. critical/Marxist |
| 6. Based on the types of intervention strategies, all of the following are community-based responses except: | B. business intervention |
| 8. Gang Graffiti is usually used: | D. to commemorate the dead |
| 9. Prevention programs should include all of the following except: | A. corporal punishment |
| 10.T/F Legal intervention includes these four components: 1) law enforcement 2) prosecution 3) the courts and 4) legislature | A. True |
| 11. Which of these best describes gang intervention through legislature? | D. all of the above |
| 12. Drugs are used in gangs for the following: | D. all of the above |
| 13. The core beliefs & values of gang members include all of the following except: | A. non-violence |
| 14. What role do you think the media has had in how gangs are viewed by society? | A. Raised the public’s level of fear |
| 15. There are problems with defining the term “gang” because the definitions vary. | A. True |
| 16. According to most criminologists, what is the most critical factor in crime and delinquency? | A. family |
| 17. The major victims of gang violence are: | C. other gang members |
| 18. Youth decide to join gangs because: | B. a friend is already in the gang |
| 19. According to the text, members of “stoner gangs” are classified by all of the following, except: _________________. | D. they usually come from a lower socioeconomic background |
| 20. Chicano gangs in East LA refer to their neighborhood as: | C. “barrio” |
| 21. According to the text, girl gangs are: | D. all of the above |
| 22. How “success” is defined in this era of post 9/11? | E. all of the above |
| 23. According to the text, the first documented gang in the United States was the: | C. Forty Thieves |
| 24. According to social disorganization/social ecology theory: What are some of the “zones” in the spatial or geographic distribution of crime? | D. all of the above |
| 25. Underclass, a new term, has replaced words like: | C. undeserving poor |
| 26. Given the violent environment most of these children grew up in it should come as no surprise that one of the main reasons they give for joining a gang is? | C. for protection |
| 27. Social Learning theory suggests that there are three related processes that lead one to become a delinquent or a criminal; these are acquisition, instigation, and ____. | D. maintenance |
| 28. According to social learning theory, which is a factor that reinforces behavior related to gang activity? | B. vicarious reinforcement |
| 29. Crime stems from spatial or geographic distribution of crime, community or neighborhood characteristic, “no matter who lives there” describes this theory of why there are gangs: | A. Social disorganization theory |
| 30. “Delinquency is learned through association with others, especially gang members, over a period of time” describes this theory of why there are gangs: | A. Social Learning theory |
| 31. The research conducted by Jankowski on violence emphasizes the following points: Gang violence is not one-dimensional Gangs are practical and cautious in punishing their members Policymakers must understand the root causes of: fear, ambition, testi | A. Contrary to popular myth, gang members like to fight |
| 32. All of following are community-based responses studied by Spergel & Curry except for? A. Opportunity provision B. Suppression or Law enforcement C. Social Intervention D. Community Organization | B. Suppression or Law enforcement |
| 33. The reasons girls join a gang are much the same as their male counterparts. | A. True |
| 34. Which is not a role of drugs in gangs? | C. a way to start a bible study |
| 35. Drug dealing in gangs has been described as_______________. Citing that usually only the “top dogs” make money while the youth work long hours & take all the risks for minimal money. | A. pure capitalism |
| 36. Repeal of the Rumsford Housing Act and Watts Riots lead to the first youth gangs that emerged in America. | B. False |
| 37. According to Social Learning theory, youth learn delinquent behaviors the same way one learns values, beliefs, and attitudes: through one’s association with other human beings. | A. True |
| 38. Throughout history where were the first known “gangs” found? | A. London |
| 39. What is not a risk factor for joining gangs? | B. A strong fatherly figure |
| 40. What is not one of the four core values of the American culture? | C. Communism |
| 41. According to Fagan, 1989: Gang members are __________ as non-gang members to use drugs and use them more often. | C. Twice as likely |
| 42. What is the general goal of social intervention? | A. to change the values of youth to make gang involvement less likely |
| 43. What is an effect of globalization on the US economy? | B. American corporations lay off workers |
| 44. A group with relatively high use and sale of drugs, but with only one major form of delinquency (vandalism): | C. Party Gang |
| 45. Moore noted that gangs have become “quasi-institutionalized because_________. | A. they provide youth with basic human needs that the community, family, or school has not been able to do. |
| 46. The Zoot Suit Riots were instigated by___________. | C. a group of white sailors that attacked several Mexican Americans in 1943 |
| 47. Which is included in the components of the criminal justice system? | D. all of the above |
| 48. T/F One of the most important distinguishing features of gangs continues to be that of territory. | A. True |
| 49. What do most gang members start off as? | B. Runner or Mule |
| 50. Which is a community-based intervention strategy that attempts to reduce youth’s involvement in drugs and gangs? | D. all of the above |
| 7. 2 key concepts of Cohen’s theory of Cultural Deviance are: reaction formation and middle class measuring rod. | A. True |
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SKloorfain