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EDL541 Unit 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why use interviews or focus groups? | Because you have a number of open-ended questions you want to ask |
| What's the difference between an interview and a focus group? | A focus group looks like a group interview. One goal of a focus group is to create interaction among the participants. |
| How do I plan for focus groups or interviews? | The key steps are to select the right sample and to create a good set of questions. prompt additional comments should the respondents' comments be too brief or not quite on course. |
| what are themes | ways to summarize qualitative data |
| Which type of data are themes used for? | both qualitative and quantitative data. |
| Ask yourself this about themes: | Can you take the "themes" idea from the qualitative researcher's perspective and gather some quantitative data that would support your qualitative inferences? |
| Creswell's "three types of mixed methods designs | "triangulation," "explanatory," and "exploratory." |
| If the qualitative stage is first, to explore and "to discover" and "give direction to the quantitative" side of the research, which would come second, the mixed methods approach is | exploratory |
| If the qualitative stage is second, to help explain what was found in the quantitative stage of the study, the mixed methods approach is | explanatory. |
| If both the quantitative and qualitative stages are done "To study the same phenomenon to determine if the two converge upon a single understanding of the research problem," then the mixed methods approach is | triangulation |
| if both quantitative and qualitative data are collected simultaneously | triangulation |
| if the quantitative data are collected first and the qualitative data are collected next [as when the qualitative data help explain the quantitative findings]; | explanatory |
| when the qualitative data are collected first [to explore a situation and thereby to guide the quantitative data collection] | exploratory |
| The problem to be investigated addresses 4 topics: | purpose of study, justification of study, research question/hypothesis/variables, definitions |
| purpose should also clearly list: | author assumptions |
| In the justification, the researcher should | 1. Make the case that the topic is important. 2. Note any implications |
| the ____ includes a recognition of prior research, yet points out how this study differs from earlier research. | justification |
| Notice that both the topic AND the methodology are _____ | justified |
| The discussion section of a report presents the author's __________ of what the results imply for theory and/or practice." | interpretation |
| If the study tested a hypothesis, the discussion chapter includes "an assessment of the degree to which: ________________________________. | the hypothesis was supported |
| T/F there should be "no room for disagreement regarding the statements" made in both the results and the discussion sections | false, only results |
| main headings at I, II, and | as "Introduction," "Review of the Literature," and "Methodology" |
| Data reduced to numerical scores: | quantitative |
| preference for narrative description: | qualitative |
| Preference for random techniques for obtaining meaningful samples. | quantitative |
| preference for expert informant (purposive) samples | qualitative |
| Preference for statistical summary of results. | quantitative |
| Preference for narrative summary of results | qualitative |
| Preference for breaking down of complex phenomena into specific parts for analysis. | quantitative |
| preference for holistic description of complex phenomena | qualitative |
| Willingness to manipulate aspects, situations, or conditions in studying complex phenomena. | quantitative |
| unwillingness to tamper with naturally occurring phenomena | qualitative |
| 5 features of qualitative research | natural setting source of data, data collected in words rather than numbers, concerned with process and product, analyze data inductively, make sense of lives is major concern |
| study real world situations as they unfold | naturalistic inquiry |
| look at details and specifics to discover categories | inductive analysis |
| phenomenon studied is more than sum of parts | holistic perspective |
| question whether research can really contribute to understanding human behavior | postmodernists |
| rely on data, reason and laws to explain phenomena | positivism |
| What type of sample is often used in qualitative research? | purposive |
| investigates reaction to particular phenomena | phenomenological study |
| create theory based on results of data from participants that experienced the process | grounded theory study |
| refers to using multiple data sources ( e.g., a variety of instruments), particularly if the data from those different instruments is used to support a conclusion | triangulation |
| *You are reading a research report that states there was a significant difference between the systematic phonics group's scores and the whole language group's scores. You remember that "significant" doesn't mean large, and you want to know if the differen | means of both groups and the effect size |
| *You have a good record of the number of hours students spend at home each week doing homework. You also have the students' GPA's. You want to know if students who spend more time doing homework earn higher GPS's. Which of the following descriptive statis | Pearson's corrrelation coefficient |
| *You have hours of interview data that you wish to summarize for your report. You will promise to report: | themes and representative quotes |
| *You find that the raw scores on the posttest are higher for the apprenticeship group. You could just report the two means, and the difference between the two means. However, you also want to show how big a difference that is in standard deviation units. | effect size |
| *he boys, however, are all almost average; there are only 1 or 2 boys with really low GPA's, and only 1 or 2 boys with really high GPA's. You decide to show that difference in dispersion of GPA's for boys vs girls by reporting the __________________ for e | standard deviation |
| *You wish to claim, based on your random sample of GPA's for students in Eastville and Westville, that the GPA's of all students in Eastville and Westville differ. (That is, you wish to claim there is a significant difference between the two sample means. | t test |
| *While the means of the samples and the effect sizes are part of what gets calculated, it is the __ itself that tells us whether there is a "significant difference" between the samples. (The "significant difference" between the sample means only means tha | t test |
| *You wish to provide a descriptive statistic that tells what the average test scores were for two groups of students. One group had a lecture-only method, the other had a cooperative learning method. Which one of the following statistics is the most impor | means |
| *You wish to report data on students' ethnicity. Which of the following descriptive statistics will you use? | percent |
| * An in-depth investigation of one individual, one group, or one institution is called a ______ _____. | case study |
| *In _______________ (lower case) observation studies, researchers do not participate in the activity being observed but rather "sit on the sidelines: and watch; they are not directly involved in the situation they are observing. | nonparticipant |
| *field notes present what the researcher is thinking about as the observation takes place. (That is, they don't attempt to decribe the events in a strictly neutral way.) | reflective |
| *Randomly assigning subjects to groups to compare the effects of contrasting methods. | comparison-group experiment |
| *An attempt to obtain data from members of a population to determine the current status of that population with respect ot one or more variables by means of a questionnaire. | survey |
| *A method of studying human behavior indirectly by analyzing communications, usually through a process of categorization. | content analysis |
| *Collecting data in order to predict one score based on another score. | correlationalstudy |
| *The collection of data on many variables over an extended period of time in a naturalistic setting, usually using observation and interviews. | ethnographic study |
| *When using words to create portraits of the subjects or classrooms in an observation -- keeping track of physical appearance, mannerisms, gestures, how people act, talk, and so on -- the researcher would use: | descriptive field notes |
| *Which of the following is true of ethnographic research? | all of the choices |
| *T/F A researcher can never record all the information from an observation session. | false |
| *T/F A researcher who is studying the behavior of students in a classroom need only spend one day in the classroom observing in order to get the most accurate results. | false |
| *T/F Ethnographic research is best suited for short-term observations. | false |
Created by:
Mrs. Bridgman