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Science-Long
Ch. 21 Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does an organism need to obtain from its environment in order to live? | Food, water, shelter, and anything else it may need in order to live, grow, and reproduce. |
| Define Habitat. | An environment that provides the things the organism needs in order to live, grow, and reproduce. |
| Define Biotic Factors. | The living parts of an organism's habitat. |
| Define Abiotic Factors. | The non-living parts of an organism's habitat. |
| List the five abiotic factors. | Water, sunlight, oxygen, soil, and temperature. |
| Give three examples of biotic factors in a prairie ecosystem. | Grass, prairie dogs, snakes, mice, etc. |
| What is a species? | A group of organisms that are physically similar and can mate and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce. |
| List the following terms in order from smallest to largest with "1" being the smallest and "4" being the largest, then define each term. COMMUNITY, ORGANISM, ECOSYSTEM, and POPULATION | 1.) Organism - a living thing. |
| List the following terms in order from smallest to largest with "1" being the smallest and "4" being the largest, then define each term. COMMUNITY, ORGANISM, ECOSYSTEM, and POPULATION | 2.) Population - all the members of one species in a particular area. |
| List the following terms in order from smallest to largest with "1" being the smallest and "4" being the largest, then define each term. COMMUNITY, ORGANISM, ECOSYSTEM, and POPULATION | 3.) Community - all of the different populations that live together in an area. |
| List the following terms in order from smallest to largest with "1" being the smallest and "4" being the largest, then define each term. COMMUNITY, ORGANISM, ECOSYSTEM, and POPULATION | 4.) Ecosystem - community of living things (biotic) and the nonliving things (abiotic) that live in a particular area. |
| Define Ecology and Ecologist. | Ecology - the study of how living things interact with each other and their environment. Ecologist - scientists who study ecology. |
| How does a population differ from a community? | A community is all of the different populations that live together in an area. |
| Define Estimate. | An approximation of a number, based on reasonable assumptions. |
| Name one of the four methods scientists use to determine population size. Define the method. | Direct Observation - count all members of the population. Example: count all the crabs in a tide pool. |
| Name one of the four methods scientists use to determine population size. Define the method. | Indirect Observation - observe for signs of organisms, then determine the number of organisms. Example: observe animal tracks without actually seeing the animal. |
| Name one of the four methods scientists use to determine population size. Define the method. | Sampling - estimate numbers of population by multiplying the number of organisms in a small area to find the numbers in a large area. |
| Name one of the four methods scientists use to determine population size. Define the method. | Mark and Recapture - catch organisms, count and tag them, and then release them. At a later date, catch the organisms again and count how many are tagged and how many are not. Then, use a mathematical formula to estimate total population. Example: turtles |
| What is an example of using indirect observation to determine population? | Determining how many birds there are by observing how many nests there are. |
| What is the main way populations can increase in size? | Birth. |
| What is the main way populations can decrease in size? | Death. |
| How does direct observation differ from indirect observation? | In direct observation every individual is seen and counted, and in indirect observation you look of a species (like nests) and count those |
| Define immigration | moving into a population |
| Define emigration | leaving a population |
| Define population density? | The number of individuals in a specific area |
| What is the formula for population density? | ## of individuals/ unit area |
| If you counted 20 butterflies in a garden measuring 10 square meters what would the population density be? | 22 butterflies per square meter |
| What is carrying capacity? | the largest population an area can support |
| What is a limiting factor? | an environmental factor that causes a population to decrease |
| What are 4 limiting factors? | food, water, space, and weather |
| What is an organism's niche? | the role of the organism in its habitat or how it makes its living |
| Carrying capacity | the largest population an area can support |
| Birth rate | the number of births in a population in a certain amount of time |
| Death Rate | the number of deaths in a population in a certain amount of time |
| Adaptation | the behaviors or physical characteristics that allow an organism to live successfully in their environment |
| Competition | the struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resources |
| Predation | an interaction in which one organism kills another for food |
| Predator | the organism that does the killing |
| prey | the organism that is killed |
| Pioneer species | tthe 1st species to populate an area |
| What is an example of a predator adaptation | sharks strong jaws |
| What is symbiosis? | a close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species |
| What are three types of symbiotic relationships? | Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism |
| What is mutualism? | a relationship in which both species benefit |
| What is commensalism? | a relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither helped or harmed |
| What is parasitism? | when one organism lives on or inside another organism and hurts it |
| What is the difference between a parasite and a host? | Parasite is the organism that benefits. Host is the organism that the parasite lives on. |
| What is succession? | The series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time. |
| How does primary succession differ from secondary succession? | Primary succession occurs in an are where no soil or organisms exist. Secondary succession occurs in an area where soil and organisms still exist. Something has just disrupted them. |
| How does direct observation differ from indirect observation? | For direct observation, you count every individual. For indirect observation, you look for signs of individuals and you count. |
Created by:
kennedyc