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respiratory system 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| two tubes which split from the distal end of the trachea | primary bronchi |
| divisions of the bronchi within the lungs | bronchial tree |
| divisions of the bronchi | bronchioles |
| divisions of the bronchioles | alveolar ducts |
| microscopic pouches in the lungs | alveoli |
| lipid molecules secreted by cells in the epithelium of alveoli | surfactant |
| condition in premature infants in which surfactant is not produced | respiratory distress syndrome |
| close arrangement of the epithelial wall of the alveolus, the basement membrane of connective tissue, and the endothelial wall of capillary | respiratory membrane |
| widespread bronchial narrowing resulting in wheezing and coughing | asthma |
| The ___ lung is somewhat thicker and broader than the other because of the position of the liver | right |
| the narrow superior portion of the lung: | apex |
| the surface of the lung that lies against the ribs: | costal |
| the surface of the lung that faces the midline toward the heart: | medial |
| the outer layer of serous membrane surrounding each lung | parietal pleura |
| the inner layer of serous membrane surrounding each lung | visceral pleura |
| space between two pleural layers: | pleural cavity |
| the ___ lung contains 3 lobes | right |
| lobes of the lungs are divided into smaller compartments called: | segments |
| portion of the lung which receives a single bronchiole, an arteriole, a venule, and a lymphatic vessel: | lobule |
| what are 2 main events of breathing (pulmonary ventilatin): | inspiration & expiration |
| breathing in | inspiration |
| breathing out | expiration |
| which direction do air molecules move when pressure is decreased in an area? | into the area |
| during inspiration what causes the thoracic cavity to expand? | contraction of diaphragm assisted by intercostal muscles |
| the ___ intercostals are involved in inspiration | external |
| the ___ intercostals are involved in forced expiration | internal |
| 6 steps of inspiration | muscles contract, thoracic cavity expands, pleural cavity pressure decreases, lung surface pulled out & volume increases, alveolar pressure drops below atmospheric, air enters alveoli |
| inspiration is the result of ___ air pressure in the lungs causing atmospheric air to enter | decreased |
| expiration is the result of the ___ nature of lung tissue which reduces volume and increases pressure | elastic |
| why don't alveoli collapse after expiration? | pressure in pleural cavity lower than that in the lungs + surfactant keeps walls from sticking together |
| 5 steps of expiration | muscles relax, thoracic cavity decreases, pleural cavity pressure increases, alveolar pressure higher than atmospheric, air flows out of alveoli |
| this follows the contraction of muscles and is an active process | forced expiration |
| instrument used to measure respiratory volume | spirometer |
| volume of air which moves in and out of lungs during normal, healthy, quiet adult breathing | tidal volume (TV) |
| amount of air that can be inhaled forcibly over the tidal volume | inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) |
| maximum amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a tidal expiration | expiratory reserve volume (ERV) not perv |
| volume of air remaining in lungs after a forced expiration | residual volume (RV) like a camper |
| total amount of exchangeable air | vital capacity (VC) |
| sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume | total lung capacity (TLC) not the tv station |
| air entering the respiratory tract without reaching the alveoli | anatomic dead space volume |
| exchange of gases between alveoli of lungs and blood involves: | diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| the air we breathe is a mixture of several gases including | 21% oxygen |
| T/F The rate of diffusion of oxygen is determined by the percentage of nitrogen. | false |
| the exchange of gases between alveoli and bloodstream: | external respiration |
| where is the partial pressure of oxygen greatest? | in alveoli |
| which direction does oxygen diffuse? | from alveoli to blood plasma |
| oxygen filled hemoglobin is referred to as: | oxyhemoglobin |
Created by:
Mrs. Bridgman