Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CPOT
Certified Paraoptometric Technician
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how do you achieve the sphere equivalent of a prescription? | Divide the cylinder power in half and algebraically combine it with sphere power |
| Name the seven bones that form the orbit. | Maxillary, Zygomatic, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Palatine, Lacrimal and Frontal |
| The three basic functions of the eyelids are? | To protect the eyes. Replenish and spread the tear film evenly across the surface of the eye. Regulate the amount of tear fluid in the eyes. |
| Rapid, forceful closure of the eyelids, that protect the eye from foreign bodies and excessive light is called? | Reflex Blinking |
| Drooping of the upper lid is called? | Ptosis |
| The palpebral fissure, which is the space between the eyelids, normally measures? | 10 mm |
| The eyelid turns out, due to loss of elasticity of lid tissue is called? | Ectropion |
| An inward turning of the lids, causing eyelashes to scratch the eye, is called? | Entropion |
| A condition in which the lids are so tightly closed they can not be opened is? | Blepharospasm |
| What muscle is responsible for eyelid closure? | Obicularis Oculi |
| The muscle responsible for eyelid retraction is called? | Levator Palpebrae Superioris |
| An internal hordeolum is caused by a blockage of what? | Meibomian or tarsal gland |
| The mocous membrane that covers the inside of the eyelids and the outside of the globe is known as? | Conjunctiva |
| Inflammation of the conjunctiva is called? | Conjunctivitis |
| What produces mucus to aid in the stability of tear film? | Goblet Cells |
| What produces the watery layer of the tear film? | Glands of Krause and Wolfring |
| What produces oil to protect the eyelashes from drying out and becoming brittle? | Glands of Zeiss |
| What are the sweat glands found in the lid margins? | Glands of Moll |
| Name three layers of the tear film. | Watery layer, Oily layer, Mucin layer. |
| List four functions of the lacrimal system. | Provide a smooth, optically clear corneal surface. Wash away debri and cellular waste Transport oxygen to the cornea. Inhibit growth of bacteria. |
| Name the "humors" that help maintain the shape of the eye. | Aqueous humor and Vitreous humor |
| The function of the cornea is? | To focus and refract light |
| The cornea receives its oxygen and nutrients from? | The conjunctival blood vessels and the fluid in front and behind the cornea |
| List three conditions that could cause corneal neovascularization. | Corneal edema, Inflamation, and Inadequate tear film oxygen content |
| Describe the layers of the cornea. | Epithelium, Bowmans membrane, Stroma, Descemts membrane, and Endothelium |
| A condition in which the cornea thins and bulges forward is known as? | Keratoconus |
| The medical term for the "white of the eye" is? | Sclera |
| The term for a pooling of blood between the conjunctiva and episclera is called? | Subconjunctival Hemorrhage |
| The ____ muscle causes the pupil to constrict in bright light. | Sphincter |
| The _______ muscle is responsible for opening the pupil in dark conditions. | Dilator |
| Describe the two major functions of the ciliary body. | Produce aqueous humor and Accommodation |
| When optic nerve damage is present because the rate of aqueous drainage is not equal to the production of aqueous, what condition is diagnosed? | Glaucoma |
| The type of drug used to paralyze accommodation is a? | Cycloplegic |
| Loss of focusing ability that relates to the process of aging is called? | Presbyopia |
| The choriod lies between the ______ and the ______. | Sclera and the retina |
| The part of the retina that is used when reading an eye chart is the? | Macula |
| The retina is comprised of how many layers? | Ten |
| Explain the reason viewing color is more difficult in dim illumination. | Cones, which are responsible for color discrimination, are stimulated by light. |
| Describe the function of the eyes crystalline lens. | Allows focus on near objects. (accommodation) |
| Cloudiness of the crystalline lens is know as a? | Cataract |
| At which point do the fibers from the nasal retina of each eye cross in the visual pathway? | Chiasm |
| What type of visual field defect will be present if damage occurs to the chiasm area? | Bitemporal Hemianopsia |
| List the six extra ocular muscles. | Superior Oblique. Inferior Oblique. Superior Rectus. Inferior Rectus. Lateral Rectus. Medial Rectus. |
| An eye movement in which both eyes move towards the nose is called? | Convergence |
| What is the most powerful extra ocular muscles, whose only action is adduction or turning the eye inward towards the nose? | Medial rectus |
| What extraocular muscle's primary action is depression, secondary action is adduction and teritary action is extortion? (extorsion is when the top of the eye rotates out and the bottom of the eye rotates in.) | Inferior Rectus |
| What extraocular muscle's only action is abduction? (abduction is to move the eye away from the midline, towards the temple.) | Lateral Rectus |
| What extraocular muscle has several actions, Primay action is elevation (to move eye toward the frontal bone) Secondary action is abduction, teritary action is intorsion? | Superior Rectus |
| What extraocular muscle's primary action is depression (to move the eye toward the maxillary) Secondary action is abduction (turning eye away from nose) and teritary action is intortion (rotates top of eye in and bottom of eye out.)? | Superior Oblique |
| What extraocular muscle is the only muscle that has an orgin at the front of the orbit? It's primary action is Elevation. Secondary action is adduction. Teritary action is Extorsion. | Inferior Oblique |
| What tasks might a paraoptometric perform? | Assist the optometrist. Order Supplies. Test visual acuity. Collect and record patient data. |
| The government agency that protects the privacy of patients if known as? | HIPPA |
| "To keep the visual welfare of the patient uppermost at all times" is a statement from the American Optometric Associations_________. | Code of Ethics |
| List four elements of telephone courtesy. | Smile when you talk. Use the patients name. Kindness. Politeness. |
| When "shoppers" call...... | Think of them as potential patients |
| When scheduling an appointment.... | Offer two different appointment times. Tell a new patient to arrive early to complete paperwork. ` |
| Determining the priority of the patients symptoms is called? | Triage |
| The simplest and most widely used method of filling is? | Alphabetical |
| What is the reason for close monitoring when ordering solutions and drugs? | They could expire if you order to many at a time |
| The office electric bill is an example of Accounts ________. | Payable |
| The money owed to the doctor from a patient after insurance has paid is known as accounts _____. | Receivable |
| Money mostly used for postage due and small amounts of office supplies is known as? | Petty cash |
| The best time to discuss payment with a patient is? | At the time of the first exam |
| Explain the difference between vision care and medical insurance coverage. | Vision care should be billed for routine eye exam, refractions and glasses. Medical insurance should be billed if the patient has a medical diagnosis, such as glaucoma, cataracts or an eye injury. |
| A letter sent to another health care provider concerning a patient who is being referred is know as? | Consultation letter |
| When medical records are requested a _______ must be signed by the patient or guardian. | Records release |
| Optical infinity is considered to be a distance of approximately 20 feet, or 6 meters, because light rays are virtually ______ at this distance. | Parallel |
| What two factors influence the path of a light ray as it passes through a transparent medium? | Angle of incidence and the index of refraction |
| The speed of light in a vacuum is? | 186,000 miles per second |
| Describe a convex lens: | Can be referred as a plus lens. Is thinner on the edges and thicker in the middle. Causes light rays to converge |
| Describe a concave lens: | Can be referred to as a minus lens. It is thicker on the edges and thinner in the middle. Causes light rays to diverge |
| What is the focal length of a five diopter lens? | 20cm |
| What is the average total power, front and back, of the cornea? | 42.00 Diopters |
| What is the average corneal curvature measure approximately on the keratometer? | 44.00 Diopters |
| The average power of the crystalline lens is approximately? | +18.00 Diopters |
| Describe the relationship of the crystalline lens' ability to accommodate to the natural process of aging. | Amplitude of accommodation decreases with age |
| A condition of an unequal refractive status of the two eyes is called? | Anisometropia |
| A difference in image size is caused by the refractive status of the two eyes is called? | Aniseikonia |
| Parallel light rays are refracted by the unaided eye to focus on the retina is called? | Emmetropia |
| Parallel light rays from two images in different meridians is called? | Astigmatism |
| Reduced visual acuity not correctable by refractive means is called? | Amblyopia |
| Parallel light rays focus in front of the retina is called? | Myopia |
| Refractive condition in which parallel light rays do not focus on the retina is called? | Ametropia |
| Parallel light rays focus behind the retina is called? | Hyperopia |
| Absence of the crystalline lens is called? | Aphakia |
| A reduction in ability to accommodate which occurs normally with age is called? | Presbyopia |
| What are some treatments for physiologic myopia? | minus or concave spectacle or CLs. Laser surgery to flatten the cornea |
| What role does accommodation play in hyperopia? | A hyperopic person may not realize a visual problem exists because of the eye's ability to accommodate |
| List four types of astigmatism: | Mixed, simple, compound, and irregular |
| What procedure is performed for correction of myopia, and is performed by making spoke-like incisions to flatten the cornea, which reduces the refractive power of the cornea? | RK Or Radial Keratotomy |
| What procedure is performed using a custom- designed laser to reshape the cornea by scraping away at the top layer of the cornea (Epithelium) and vaporizes a portion of the middle layer (storma)? | PRK or Photorefractive Keratectomy |
| Which type of lens provides clear distance, near, and intermediate vision? | Trifocals |
| What is the common term for amblypoia? | Lazy eye |
| What will neither converge or diverge the light rays, only bends the light toward its base, thus displacing or moving the image of objects? | Prism |
| A light ray striking a surface at 90 degrees will? | Slow down |
| a comparison or ratio of the speed of light in the air, to the speed of light in another medium is called the? | Index of refraction |
| What lens deviates light in the same direction? | Spherical lens |
| What lens has one plus surface and the other surface is plano or flat? This lens converges light to a single focal point. | Plano Convex lens |
| What lens are both lens surfaces plus and converge light to one focal point? | Biconvex lens |
| What lens are both surfaces concave or minus?These lenses diverge light rays as if the focus was in front of the lens. | Biconcave lens |
| What lens has one surface that is minus or concave and one that is plano or flat? This lens diverges light rays as if the focal point were in front of the lens. | Plano Concave lens |
| What lens has one concave surface and the other is convex? This lens will either converge or diverge light rays depending on which surface has more power. | Meniscus lens |
| What is amplitude of accommodation? | The ability of the crystalline lens in the eye to focus |
| What lens deviates light in different directions? This lens also has power in one major meridian and different power in the meridian 90 degrees away. This lens can be convex or concave. | Spherocylindrical |
| Describe vertex distance: | Vertex distance is the measurement from the Corneal surface of the eye to the eyeglass correction |
| One meter is equal to how many centimeters? and how many millimeters? | 100 cm and 1000 mm |
| A 1.00 diopter lens will refract light rays to focus _______ from the lens. | One meter |
| The pointed tip of a prism is known as the? | Apex |
| Light rays passing through a prism will be bent toward the? | Base |
| Prism power is measured in? | Prism diopters |
| Describe the difference between a spherical lens and a cylindrical lens: | A spherical lens deviates rays of light in the same direction, a cylindrical lens deviates rays of light in more then one direction |
| A sperocylindrical lens has two powers located ______ degrees from each other. | 90 |
| Transpose -4.00+1.25x135 into minus cyl: | -2.75-1.25x045 |
| What is the sphere equivalent for -2.00-1.00x100 | -2.50 |
| What is the total near power for the following prescription: +2.00-1.00x100 | +4.50-100x100 |
| Prentice's rule states that induced prism is equal to the ______ multiplied by the _______. | Lens power, displacement in centimeters |
| How does the optical lab avoid induced prism? | Decentration |
| What amount of decentration is required if a frame PD is 60mm and the patients PD is 58mm? | 1 mm |
| What three characteristics must be considered in the design of the ophthalmic lenses? | Thickness, Chromatic aberration and Weight. |
| A manufacturing standard established by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for glass lenses is? | The lens must be heat or chemically Tempered. |
| List five advantages of CR-39 lenses over glass lenses: | CR-39 lenses are lighter, They do not fog as easily, Tinting is more uniform and can be manipulated, they produce less glare and internal reflections, and they improve visual performance. |
| List three advantages of glass lenses over CR-39 lenses. | Glass lenses do not scratch as easily, they are thinner because the index of refraction is higher and they do not warp as easily. |
| Why is polycarbonate a good choice of lens material for children or monocular patients? | Polycarbonate is more impact resistant then crown glass and CR-39. |
| What is the material used to make High-Index plastic lenses? | Polyurethane |
| What factors must be considered in order to dispense the thinnest lens possible? | Frame size, lens material, aspheric design and center thickness. |
| What is the ANSI standard for drop-ball testing in dress eye wear? | Lenses must withstand the impact of a 5/8 inch steel ball dropped from a height of 50 inches. |
| What is the ANSI standard for drop-ball testing for industrial safety lenses? | Lenses must withstand the impact of a one inch steel ball dropped from a height of 50 inches. |
| What other standard, in addition to drop-ball testing, applies to industrial safety lenses? | Safety lenses must have a minimum thickness of 3.0 mm. |
| Is the following statement true or false? "Polycarbonate, high index plastic, and CR-39 lenses do not have to be routinely tested in the lab by the drop-ball test." | True |
| Name the two methods of treating glass lenses for impact resistance. | Heat temporing and chemical temporing. |
| What type of PD is measured when fitting progressive addition lenses? | Monocular |
| When dispensing a pair of progressive addition lenses, the manufacturer's markings will? | Help the dispenser make the final adjustments. |
| What is an identifying factor of an executive, or Franklin bifocal? | A large ridge that runs across the entire width of the lens. |
| What is the intermediate power most likely going to be when the near power is +3.00? | +1.50 |
| What are some reasons a patient would require a balance lens? | Prosthetic eye or blind in one eye. |
| Why might a patient require a fresnel-press-on lens? | The patient is aphakic and only had surgery in one eye. |
| List the benefits to anti reflective coatings. | Increases the amount of light entering the eye. Eliminates ghost images and light reflections on the lens. |
| What Color think is commonly known as "blue blocker"? | Brown |
| Describe a gradient tint. | Lightens toward the bottom of the lens. |
| When focusing the eyepiece of a lensometer, why is it important to stop turning the eyepiece when a sharp focus is first obtained? | Turning the eyepiece past the point of focus could cause accommodation. |
| If the lensometer is in proper calibration, and the eyepiece is properly focused, the target will come into a sharp focus without a lens present at what power? | Zero or Plano |
| When the lensometer was calibrated, the target focused sharply at +0.25 and was blurred at zero. you are neutralizing a lens to have a reading of +1.00 on the lensometer. How would you record this reading? | +0.75 |
| If both sets of lines making up the target sharply focus at the same time, the lens being neutralized is a? | Sphere |
| If two sets of lines in the target will not come into focus at the same time, the lens is being neutralized is a? | Sphereocylinder |
| The cylinger lines will focus at a more _____ power reading than the sphere lines when neutralizing a lens in minus cylinder. | Minus |
| If the sphere lines are focused and unbroken at -1.00, axis 100, and the cylinder lines focus at -1.50, how would the prescription be recorded? | -1.00-0.50x100 |
| If the sphere lines are focused and unbroken at +3.00, axis 090 and the cylinder lines focused at +1.00, how would the prescription be recorded? | +3.00-2.00x090 |
| When measuring a lens in minus cylinder, if the cylinder lines focus at more at plus reading then the sphere lines, you should rotate the axis wheel by how many degrees? | 90 |
| If the vertical target lines in the distance prescription focus at -2.00 and the same lines focus at +0.50 in the segment of the lens, the near power should be recorded as? | +2.50 |
| An important factor in measuring lenses with an automated lensometer is keeping the lens ______ against the lens stop. | Flat |
| What needs to be accounted for when measuring prism? | The patients PD, the orientation of the prism, and the location of the lateral PRP, or MRP. |
| What is the same as DBL? | Bridge size. |
| What is the largest horizontal measurement of a lens? | The frame size, or the "A" dimension |
| What is DBL or distance between the lenses? | The separation of the two lenses in a frame at the nasal bevel tips. |
| What is the largest vertical measurement of a lens? | The "B" dimension |
| When tapping a glass lens with your fingernail, the sound will be ______ than the _____ dull sound of a plastic lens. | Sharper, dull. |
| A lens clock is used to? | Measure the surface powers and base curve of a lens. |
| True or false? A polycarbonate lens should be treated with a UV coating to avoid damage to the eye from UV radiation. | False |
| The lens bevel used most commonly for low power lenses edged to fit into plastic and metal frames is called a? | Standard or V bevel |
| What does the fitting cross represent in the makings of a progressive lens? | The position of the pupil on the lens |
| How do you reduce red marks and broken skin caused by the misfit of a frame? | Make sure the bridge of the frame should rest flat on the sides of the nose, evenly. |
| How do you keep undue stress from being placed on the end pieces and hinges of the frame? | Make sure the width of the frame from end piece to end piece is approximately equal to the width of the facial bone structure just above the check bones. |
| What stabilizes the frame, allowing it to be held in place by touch, not pressure? | Making sure the temple is extended 40 mm |
| What keeps the eyewire from touching the brow or cheek? | Knowing the the longer the face, the greater the vertical depth should be and the shorter the face the smaller the vertical depth should be. |
| The temples pressing into the sides of the head can cause? | The frame to be pushed down toward the end of the nose. |
| To check for X-ing of the bridge, you must view the frame from? | The sides and the top |
| A frame that follows the curve of the face is said to have? | face form |
| Uses of an interpupillary distance rule to verify that the frame front is even is known as? | Vertical alignment and four-point touch |
| Describe the frame adjustment that should be used when the glasses are being pushed off the nose because the temples are pressing too tightly? | Widen the endpiece angles |
| Describe the frame alignment that should be used when one eyewire is closer to the face than the other? | Equalize the endpiece bends |
| Describe the frame alignment that should be used when the frame slides down the nose. | Form the temple bend to a 45-degree angle at the top of the ear |
| Describe the frame alignment that should be used when one eyewire is higher on the face then the other. | Equalize the temple hinge angles |
| What do you use a Pad angling plier for? | To change the angle of the nosepands |
| What do you use a Nylon-jawed plier for? | To bend plasic and metal without marring the finish |
| What do you use a Wideing-jawed hinge angling plier for? | To change the pantoscopic angle without placing stress on solder joints |
| What do use a Round-flat jawed plier for? | For gaurd arm and endpiece bends |
| What do you use a Neddle-nose plier for? | To place tiny screws in hard to reach places |
| List the three nosepad angles that correspond to the slope of the nose. | Frontal angle, splay angle and vertical angle |
| The angle that the frame front makes when the temple is viewed from the side is known as? | Frontal angle |
| Describe the procedure used for adding a mastoid bend to a temple. | Heat the temple behind the bend and make a depression in it with your thumb between the bend and the temple end |
| What will aid in the cosmetic appearance of a glasses lens? | Using antireflective coating, choosing a round lens shape and centering the eye in the center of the frame |
| What type of nosepad is the best choice for an elderly patient? | Silicone |
| List four physical attributes of a child that can make frame fitting a challenge. | Longer eyelashes, underdeveloped nose bridge, head is more round and eyes are closer set |
| The chief symptom should be? | Recorded in the patients own words |
| The type of case history that is easiest to delegate is the? | Checklist |
| Why should the paraoptometric question the patient about family history? | Heredity may play a facor in many diseases, such as diabetes and high blood presure |
| True or false? When recording patient history, only the positive responses are pertinent. | False |
| The first number, or numerator, of the snellen notation represents? | The testing distance |
| In metric notation, 6/15 is the same as? | 20/50 |
| What is the properly calibrated height of the 20/200 letter on the snellen chart for a testing distance of 13 feet? | 58mm |
| Near vision acuity should be measured at a distance of? | 40 cm |
| in an examination room shorter then 20 feet, a __________ may be used to create an optical 20-foot distance. | Miror system |
| Why is color vision testing more effective if performed monocularly? | Acuired color vision defects are often monocular |
| The most common type of color vision testing is? | Pseudoisochromatic plates |
| What does Deuteranomalous mean? | A green color vision weakness |
| What does Tritanomalous mean? | A blue-yellow color vision weakness |
| What does Protanomalous mean? | A red color vision weakness |
| The most common of all color defects is? | Deuteranolmalous trichromatism |
| Describe Stereopsis? | The highest degree of depth preception, is recorded in seconds of arc and the testing book should be held approximately 16 inches from the patient |
| Name three "near-point" actions of the eye. | Accommodation, convergence and pupil constriction |
| The break point, or NPC, is found when? | The patient either reports diplopia, or one eye loses fixation on the target |
| The test used to determine the presence of a tropia is known as the? | Cover-uncover test |
| The near PD is usually? | 3-5 mm less then the distance PD |
| The systolic pressure reflects the amount of force on the artery walls when the? | Heart beats |
| The karatometer measures an approximate _____ area of the central cornea. | 3mm |
| The eyepiece of the keratometer should not be moved back and forth when focusing the cross, as this will? | Simulate the accommodative system, resulting in an incorrect setting |
| The horizontal bars of the plus signs are not aligned, you must? | Rotate the axis grip |
| When recording the keratometry reading, the horizontal power reading is taken from the _____ side of the instrument; the vertical power reading is taken from the _____ side of the instrument. | Left; right |
| True or false? a person with a low or normal pressure reading does not have glaucoma. | False |
| Describe the mire position, while doing goldmann, when the cornea is properly centered and applanted? | The inner edges of the semicrcles touch |
| What tonometer has the advantages of being portable, fast and comfortable to hold? | Tono-Pen |
| The instument used to test visual acuity under different lighting conditions is called? | Brightness acuity testing |
| The Potential Acuity Meter is used to determine the potential acuity of a patient who has? | Cataracts |
| What does the fundus contain? | Retina, optic disk and retinal vessels |
| The type of ultrasonography used to detect tumors in the eye is the? | B-scan |
| Corneal topography measurements should be performed? | Prior to a refractive procedure, such as LASIK |
| A pachymeter is used to? | Measure the corneal thickness |
| True or False? In order for a GDx or HRT to be performed, the patient must have dilating drops instilled. | False |
| How many degrees does the monocular visual field measure superiorly? | 60 degrees |
| How many degrees does the monocular visual field measure inferiorly? | 75 degrees |
| How many degrees does the monocular visual field measure temporally? | 105 degrees |
| How many degrees does the monocular visual field measure nasally? | 60 degrees |
| The horizontal and vertical meridians intersect perpendicularly at the center point of fixation, separating the visual field into four ________. | Quadrants |
| True or false? Every patient tested should have a nonseeing area in his or her field of vision. | True |
| Evaluation of the visual field with a moving target is called _______ testing. | Kinetic |
| Confrontation testing should be performed at a distance of? | 2 feet |
| A tangent screen visual field performed at 1 meter measures _______ degrees of the visual field. | 30 |
| Describe case history? | General and ocular health, patient motivation and hobbies and visual requirements |
| The normal iris measurement is? | 10.5-12.5 mm |
| A normal blink rate is? | 10-15 blinks per minute |
| Tear break-up time will usually ______ with contact lens wear. | Decrease |
| A clinical sign of giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) is? | Papillae greater then 1mm in size or Papillae located in all five zones |
| If the K readings are 42.50 x 090 and 41.75 x 180, the amoung of cylinder present is? | +0.75 x 180 |
| The ability of a material to allow oxygen to pass through it is known as? | DK or Permeability |
| The base curve radius (BCR) is generally very similary to the _______ k reading. | flat |
| Which material are used both in contact lenses and cooking wear? | Fluorine |
| Neovascularization of the cornea can occur if? | The cornea is not receieving adequate oxygen |
| A lens with two different curves on the back and one spherical front curve is known as? | Toric based curve lens |
| True or false? The cast-molded contact lens is manufactured very similar to gas-permeable lenses. | True |
| What type of tint can change the present eye color? | Opaque tint |
| The normal soft lens diameter ranges from? | 13.5-14.5 mm |
| Prism ballast and truncation of a toric lens are used to? | Stabilize the lens |
| If the identification mark on a toric lens rotates 5 degrees to the observer's left and the glasses prescription is -2.50+2.00x100, what contact lens prescription should be ordered? | -2.50+2.00x105 |
| A presbyopic patient who requires no distance correction may be a good canidate for? | Monovision |
| What type of a patient would best benefit from extended-wear lenses? | Aphakic |
| What preservatives are used in contact lens solutions? | Benzyl alcohol, polyquad and chlorhexidine |
| Wahat type of disinfection is most commonly used? | Chemcal |
| What is the name of the legislation that is meant to help regulate the contact lens replacement industry? | FCLCA |
| A slot gauge is used to? | Determine the diameter of a contact lens |
| Low vision acuity testing is typically started at a distance of? | 10 feet |
| If the patient's best efforts allow him or her to read the 20/400 Snellen letter at a distance of 5 feet, the actual distance vision recording should be? | 5/400 |
| The equivalent 20-foot working distance for 5/400 is? | 20/1600 |
| Describe electronic magnification. | Magnification is accomplished through the use of electronic equipment. |
| Describe relative distance magnigication? | The enlargement is based on the object being moved closer to the observer. |
| Describe relative size magnification? | The object is physically enlarged. |
| Describe angular magnification? | The size of the object at a given location is increased through optical principles. |
| Increasing the size of the font on a computer screen is an example of? | Relative size magnification |
| The best reading aid choice for a patient with Parkinson's disease would be? | Stand magnifier |
| The use of a minus lens in low vision is primarily? | Reverse field telescopes |
| What are some skills of visual processing? | Visual analysis, visual spatial skills and vision motor integration |
| The ability to maintain both eyes pointed at precisely the same object is? | Eye teaming |
| The simultaneous turning in of both eyes that occurs when viewing an approaching object is called? | Convergence |
| As an object moves away from the observer, and the eyes turn outward, the action is known as? | Divergence |
| A high AC/A ration may be found in a paitent with? | Esophoria |
| What test is used to measure the direction of a phoria? | Cover test |
| A patient who has difficulty turning his or her eyes inward is said to have? | convergence insufficiency |
| The ability to change the focusing system of the eye and sustain the focus for long periods of time is known as? | Accommodative facility |
| Watching a seagull fly over the ocean is an example of what type of eye movement? | Pursuits |
| What is the highest degree of fusion? | Stereopsis |
| Describe pursuits | The ability of teh eyes to track or follow an object smoothly |
| Describe spatial localization | The ability to sense where you are relative to other objects in space |
| Describe Saccads | The ability of the eyes to make jump movements |
| Describe speed of focusing | The ability of the eyes to focus clearly on objects moving at and away from them |
| Describe visual concentration | The ability to endure visual noise and distracters without affecting performance |
| Describe anticipation time | The ability to use visual clues to predict where and when something will happen or move |
| Describe visual memory | The ability to take information that the eyes feed the brain and use it for further decisions |
| Describe visualization | the ability to create a mental picture that preprograms the body to achieve its maximum potential |
| Describe depth perception | The ability to judge quickly and accurately either or both the distance and speed of an object in space |
| The most important aspect of sports vision training is? | Home training |
| Equipment that may be used in home training includes? | Brock string, peg rotator |
| Home therapy should take a minimum of how many minutes per session? | 20 minutes |
| The presence of _______ and ______ help determine the level of an emergency. | Vision loss, pain |
| A patient who reports pain, light sensitivity, and tearing should be suspected to have: | An injured cornea |
| An abrasion to the __________ layer of the cornea normally heals within 24/48 hours with no scarring. | Epithelial |
| Leukocytes and proteins floating in the aqueous is referred to as? | Cells and flare |
| What types of instruments are used to remove a corneal foreign body? | Bailey's loop, A bend 20-gauge hypodermic needle and spud |
| An algerbrush may be used to? | Remove a rust ring |
| A condition commonly known as "pink eye" is called? | Conjunctivitis |
| Episcleritis is often associated with? | A form of arthritis |
| A report of severe pin, a reduction in vision, along with nausea, could suggest? | Angle closure glaucoma |
| Flashes and floaters could be a sign of? | A posterior viterous detachment, a retinal detachment or a retinal tear |
| What drug dilates that pupil without affecting accommodation? | Phenylephrine Hydrochloride |
| What patient should have a cycloplegic drug prior to the refraction? | Pre-school child |
| What are some possible side effects of a cycloplegic drug? | Dry mouth, excitation and facial flushing |
| The ophthalmic drug that can cause discomfort in the brow area is? | Pilcoarpine |
| The liquid form of sodium fluorescein is very susceptible to? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| What theraputic drugs are used to treat inflammation? | Steroids and NSAIDS |
| To reduce systemic absorption of the eyedrop after instilled.... | Light pressure should be placed over the lacrimal sac for 15-30 seconds |
| If the patient is to use an eyedrop twice daily in the left eye, how would the prescription be written? | 1 gt bid OS |
| The instrument that evaluates the crystalline lens is the? | Biomicroscope |
| If the metal contacts in the bulb housing are corroded, clean them with? | A pencil eraser |
| The Goldmann applanation tonometer can be cleaned with? | Household bleach, alcohol or 3% hydrogen peroxide |
| When checking calibration of the tonometer, the tip of the tonometer should move at? | 0, 20, 60 |
| The condensing lens is used with the indirect ophthalmoscope should be cleaned with? | Photographic lens cleaner |
| What are two instruments that will stay in a battery-charging well when not in use? | Indirect ophthalmoscope and Retinoscope |
| To clean the internal lenses of a refractor, you must? | Return the refractor to the manufacturer |
| If the manual lensmeter is in correct calibration, the mires without a lens in place will become clear at what power? | Zero or plano |
| When focusing the eyepiece of the lensmeter, it must be turned ____________ first. | Counterclockwise |
| A patient with Xanthalasma should have bloodwork done to check for? | Abnormal lipid levels |
| The most common eyelid malignancy is? | Basal cell carcinoma |
| What type of conjunctivitis is most commonly associated with contact lens wear? | Giant papillary |
| Treatment for a subconjunctival hemorrage is? | Cold compresses and artificial tears |
| Can a pinguecula or a pterygiun affect visual acuity by extending across the cornea? | Pterygium |
| A patient who has a cornea abrasion caused by a tree branch is at risk for? | Fungal keratitis |
| The type of keratitis that manifests a characteristic branch-shaped figure on the cornea is? | Herpes simplex |
| What are some treatments of keratitis sicca? | Artificial tears, punctal occlusion or cautery |
| What eye condition would most likely manifest a constricted pupil? | Iritis |
| A pooling of blood in the anterior chamber is a? | Hyphema |
| Light sensitivity, tearing and uncontrolled blinking can be symptoms of? | Congential glaucoma |
| Patients with what type of glaucoma have increased optic nerve cupping and visual field loss, despite the intraocular pressure being within "normal" limits? | Low tension |
| Vitreous shrinking, floaters and flashes of light are normally associated with? | A posterior vitreous attahment |
| What surgical procedure uses a silicone band to apply? | Pneumoretinopexy |
| What is the leading cause of blindness in the United States for persons over the age of 65? | Macular degeneration |
| The hallmark of proliferative diabetic retinopathy is? | New blood vessel growth |
| Grave's disease is associated with? | Thyroid dysfunction |
| Plaquenil may be prescribed for? | Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| The most notable effect of sickle cell disease on the ocular system is? | Neovascularization |
| What is associated with AIDS? | Cytomegalovirus |
| The first refractive procedure to use an excimer laser is? | Photorefractive keratotomy |
| A diluted alcohol solution is used with what procedure? | Laser epithelial keratomileusis |
| An instrument known as a microkeratome is used in? | Laser in-situ keratomileusis |
| The most common type of cataract surgery is? | Phacoemulsification |
| Ina penetrating keratoplasty, the cloudy tissue is replaced by? | Donor tissue |
| What glaucoma procedure may be repeated more then twice? | Selective laser trabeculoplasty |
| A gas bubble is used in what procedure? | Pneumatic retinopexy |
| Laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy is indicated for? | Significant macular edema, development of neovascularization |
| Cutting an eye muscle and reattaching it further back on the eye is known as? | Recession |
| The most common type of eyelid cancer is? | Basal cell carcinoma |
| A procedure used for acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction is? | Dacryocystorhinostomy |
Created by:
alyssajo1109