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SHAPES AND MOLE4

QuestionAnswer
ELECTRONS IN NEIGHBOURS ALSO OSCILLATE AND CAUSE TEMP DIPOLE WHEN POS END NEXT TO NEG END ,
HOW ARE TEMP DIPOLE FORMED ELECTRON CONSTANTLY MOVING POS AND NEG END HALF A SECOND LATER THE POLARITY CHANGES AND THE POS END INDUCED A NEGATIVE CHARGE ON A MOLECULE.
ZIGGY ARROW FOR INTERMOLECULAR FORCES.
INSTANTANEOUS INDUCED DIPOLE DIPOLE ARE STRONG AND THEN PERMANENT.
STRENGTH DEPEND ON NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN THE MOLECULE
WHY AT AT ROOM TEMP IODINE IS A SOLID CHLORINE A GAS BECAUSE THE LONDON FORCES BETWEEN THE IODINE MOLECULES (106 ELECTRONS) IS STRONGER THAN THE CHLORINE (34 ELECTRONS).
THE LONDON FORCES BETWEEN H-CL MOLECULE STRONGER THAN METHANE AS HAS MORE ELECTRONS.
THE STRENGTH INSTANTANEOUS INDUCE DIPOLE ALSO DEPENDS ON SHAPE AND PINTS OF CONTACT E/.G C(CH3)4 HAS FEWER PINTS OF CONTACT THAN LARGER MOLECULES.
LONDON FORCES -EXIST BETWEEN ALL COVALENT MOLECULES  EVEN NOBLE GASSES,
THE BONDING TEMP OF NOBLE GAS VERY LOW COZ NO BONDING ELECTRONS.
HYDROGEN IS SMALLEST HAS NO SHIELDING ELECTRONS IS PARTIALLY EXPOSED NUCLEUS.
WHY CAN’T CHLORINE HYDROGEN BOIND? CHLORINE ATOM IS TOO LARGE TO FORM A HYDROGEN BOND. ONLY SMALL FON-.
THE POS HYDROGEN FORMS BOND WITH NEGATIVE ADJACENT FLUORINE MOLECULE. F-H-F BOND ANGLE 180 DEGREES.
THE H-F-H BOND ANGLE IS 109.5 SO HAS ZIGZAG CHAIN.
ALL COMPOUND WITH –OH GROUP FORM HYDROGEN BONDS .E.G WATER .
HYDROGEN BONDING IN WATER IS STRONG THAN H-F BECAUSE THERE ARE MORE HYDROGEN BONDS PER MOLECULES IN WATER THAN H-F , BUT H-F IS VERY STRONG.
WATER BOILS AT 100DEGREES CELSIUS,
H-F BOILS AT 20 DEGREES CELSIUS.
WHAT DOES WATER BP SHOW THE SUM OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCE IN WATER IS HIGHER.
SOLID WATER IS LESS DENSE THAN LIQUID. –
WHY IS SOLID WATER LESS DENSE THAN WATER BECAUSE ICE CRYSTALS CONTAIN INTERLOCKING RINGS OF SIX WATER MOLES HELD BY HYDROGEN BONDS.
WHAT ARE THE INTERLOCKING RINGS HELD BY HYDROGEN BONDS
THE DISTANCE BETWEEN MOLECULES OPPOSITE IN ICE THE RING IS LARGE.
WHEN ICE MELTS THE RING STRUCTURE DESTROYED AND THE AVERAGE DISTANCE APART OF THE MOLECULES DECREASE CAUSING THE DENSITY TO INCREASES.
ALCOHOL HAS –OH GROUPS THUS CAN FORM HYDROGEN BONDS WITH OTHER ALCOHOL OR WHEN DISSOLVE IN WATER WITH OTHER WATER MOLECULES.
HYDROGEN BONDING THROUGH NITROGEN WHEN NITROGEN FORMS 3 BONDS IT HAS A LONE PAIR
IF BOND TO HYDROGEN NITROGE BECOMES NEGATIVE. SO CAN FORM HYDROGEN BONDS . E.G. IN AMMONIA.
PRIMARY AMINE GROUPS –NH2 FORM INTERMOLECULAR HYDROGEN BONDS E.G. GLYCINE (AMINO ACID).
WHAT ARE AMIINO ACIDS HELD BY IN PROTIENS HELD BY HYDROGEN BONDS IN THE NH2 AND COOH GROUP.
Created by: ufuoma
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