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SHAPES AND MOLE1
Question | Answer |
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OXYGEN IS | LIFE-SAVING GAS ,OZONE AND MAGNETIC LIQUID. |
CFCS | THINNEN OZONE AND ALLOW HARMFUL UV TO ENTER. |
MAGNETIC FUEL OXYGEN O2 BOILS AT | 183 DEGREES CELSIUS – PRODUCES BLUE MAGNETIC LIQUID, CAN BE HELD BETWEEN POLES OF STRO0NG MAGNET.DOESN’T HAVE A NORMAL DOUBLE BOND – HAS 2 UNPAIRED ELECTRON IN THE ANTI-BONDING PIE ORBITAL’S. |
THEY GIVE RISE TO THE COLOUR AND MAGNETIC. | |
SHAPES OF MOLECULES –IONS AND POLARITY, INTERMOLECULAR FORCES: WHEN LIGHT STRIKES ROD CELL IN RETINA | CAUSES MOLECULE 11 CIS RETINAL TO CHANGE SHAPE TRIGGERS SIGNAL ALONG OPTIC NERVE ALONG BRAIN. |
ANIMAL FATS AND VEGETABLE OILS ARE | ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS , SOME OF WHICH ARE UNSATURATED. THE CIS ISOMERS OF THESES ... FA ARE LESS HARMFUL TAN TRANS. |
ELECTRON PAIRS BODING AND LONE PAIRS | REPEL EACH OTHER TO POSITION OF MINIMUM REPULSION / MAXIMUM SEPARATION. |
METHOD OF PREDICTING SHAPE | COUNT NUMBER OF BOND PAIR AROUND CENTRAL ATOM. EQUAL TO NUMBER OF BONDS FORMED BY CENTRAL ATOM. COUNT NUMBER OF LONE PAIRS ON CENTRAL ATOMS. |
THE NUMBER OF NON BONDING ELECTRONS | FOUND BY SUBTRACTING THE NUMBER OF ELECTRON USED IN BONDING – THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN THE ELEMENT. |
THE NUMBER OF LONE PAIR = IS | HALF THIS NUMBER. |
NUMBER OF LONE PAIRS = | GROUP[ NUMBER – NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN BONDING /2. |
STEP 3: ADD THESE NUMBERS TOGETHER | - TOTAL NO OF ELECTRON PAIRS. DETERMINES ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRON PAIRS. 1 – SEE WHAT GROUP IT IS IN, SEE HOW MANY BONDS MADE, - TAKE AWAY GROUP NUMBER FORM BONDING PAIRS/2=LONE PAIRS. |
NUMBER OF SIGMA PIE AND LONE PAIRS IN SULPHATE ION | =- 4 SIGMA , 2 PI AND 0 LONE PAIRS. |
HOW MANY LONE PAIRS IN SULPHUR DIOXIDE = HAS 2 SIGMA AND 2 PIE SO 4 BONDING ELECTRONS | 6-4 = 2 ONE LONE PAIR. |
2 ELECTRONS PAIRS: | - MAKE REPULSION AND MAKE LINEAR ARRANGEMENT. |
EXAMPLE OF 2 ELECTRON PAIR LINEAR | BECL2 IS COVALENT |
CL-BE-CL HAS | HAS 2 BOND PAIRS OF ELECTRONS AROUND CENTRAL ATOM BE. IN GROUP 2 NUMBER OF LONE PAIRS ARE 2-2/2 =0 REPEL EACH OTHER TO A MAXIMUM SEPARATION. HAS BOND 180DEGREES. BE DOESN’T HAVE AN OCTET OF ELECTRONS. |
CO2 IS | ALSO LINEAR. |
BOND ANGLE FOR LINEAR = | 180 |
3 ELECTRON PAIRS | TRIANGLE PLANAR – (TRIGONAL PLANAR). |
EXAMPLE OF TRIGONAL PLANAR | BORON TRICHLORIDE - |
BCL3 | IS COVALENT. IN GROUP 3 AND 3 VALENCE ELECTRONS FORM 3 BONDS.NO LONE PAIR SO THE POSITION OF MINIMUM REPULSION OF ELECTRON PAIRS IS TRIGONAL PLANAR. 120DEGREES. |
BOND ANGLE FOR TRIGONAL PLANAR IS | 120DEGREES. |
SULFUR TRIOXIDE HAS | 3 SIGMA AND 3 PI. USE ALL THE 6 VALENCE ELECTRONS – NO LONE PAIRS. TAKE UP TRIGONAL PLANAR. |
LONE PAIRS IN CARBON | NO LONE PAIRS 4-4 MAKES 0. IT FORMS 3 SIGMA AND ONE PI TRIGONAL PLANAR COZ ELECTRON PAIRS REPEL TO MAX SEPARATION. |
ALKENES ARE | PLANER AROUND THE C=C |
EACH CARBON ATOM | FORMS 3 SIGMA BONDS AND ONE PI., THE 3 SIGMA PAIRS REPEL EACH OTHER TO A MAX SEPARATION, THUS THEY ALL LIE IN SAME PLAIN. ETHANE IS PLANAR. |
CIS BUT-2-ENE IS | PLANAR AROUND THE C=C, |