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Dentistry
Dental radiography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| indications for dental radiography | evaluate unerupted teeth, embedded, impacted or supernumerary teeth |
| why use dental radiology during a prophy | see periodontal disease progression, bone loss and treatment planning |
| radiology can also help see the depth of | oronasal fistulas |
| safety standards | apron, gloves, thyroid shield, dosimeter, lead screen |
| intra-oral film packets size | size 0-4 |
| what protects against scatter radiation in dental film | lead foil |
| what part of the dental film is placed next to the tongue or palate | the back tab |
| incorrect film positioning, movement, incorrect exposure settings, double exposure and poor processing techniques are all common causes of | repeated films |
| trouble shooting | film fog, no image, light film, dark film |
| when is the parallel technique used | mandibular molars, mandibular 2 3 4 premolars facial maxillary complex nasal cavity occlusal view of caudal maxillary or manibular teeth |
| where is the beam in the parallel technique | the light comes perpendicular to the object and the film is parallel to the tooth |
| when is the bisecting angle technique used | when parallel technique is not possible |
| what teeth can you radiograph with the bisecting angle technique | all incisors, canines, maxillary premolars, max molars and mandibular first premolar |
| what happens when the light is too low or when light is aiming at the tooth rather than the bisecting angle | elongation |
| what happens when the light is too high or the light is aiming towards the film instead of the bisecting animal | forshortening |
| when the light is projected directly at the bisecting angle | the image is the exactly the same as the regular height |
| steps for bisecting angle | Find the plane of the film Find the axis of the tooth Draw a line exactly between them= BISECTING ANGLE X-Ray is projected directly at the bisecting angle |
| whole mouth survey includes how many views for small dog and cat | 6 total views |
| whole mouth survey on a large dog includes how many views | 10 |
| common findings in young patients | dentin wall is thin and pulp chamber is large |
| common findings in aging dogs | Odontoblasts line pulp chamber- produce dentin Dentin wall thickens Pulp chamber reduces |
| common radiographic signs in periodontal disease | Rounding and loss of the alveolar crest Furcations Horizontal bone loss Vertical bone loss with increased periodontal ligament space |
| chevron effect | v shaped widening of the periontal space at the apex of the maxillary canine |
| how does the chevron effect compare with true periapical rarefaction | true rarefaction is more rounded, dark, bone and tooth are effected |
| why are extraoral techniques used | PM and M arcade in one shot |
| how is the head positioned for a lateral oblique view of maxilla | lateral recumbency head is angled 45 degrees chin is tilted up and forehead down for maxilla |
| how is the head positioned for a lateral oblique view of mandible | head tilted at 45 degrees, forehead up and chin down |
| recumbency for mandibular incisors and canines | dorsal |
| recumbency for max incisors and canines | ventral |
| incisors and canines require what film technique | bissecting |
| Positioning for mandibular premolars/molars | Animal’s head is placed in lateral recumbency The film is gently bent during insertion and placed at the tongue attachment Parallel technique is used |
| Positioning for maxillary premolars/molars | Animal’s head should be in ventral recumbency Film should be placed under the upper dentition and adjacent to hard palate The film should be inserted until it is near the lingual aspect of the contralateral teeth Use bisecting angle technique |
| what do you have to be careful with on the 4th premolar | getting all 3 roots in the film |
| Positioning for maxillary incisors in cats | Tubehead is centered on upper incisors Head placed in ventral recumbency with small roll under chin to keep palate parallel Bisecting angle technique |
| Positioning for mandibular incisors in cats | Tubehead is centered on lower incisors Head placed in dorsal recumbency with small roll under neck to keep palate parallel Bisecting angle technique |
| Positioning for maxillary premolars/molars in cats | ventral recumbency Tubehead is directed at 30 degree angle (instead of 45 degree) to horizontal plane of table top to avoid zygomatic arch superimposition Bisecting angle technique is used |
| Positioning for mandibular premolars/molars in cats | Animal’s head is placed in lateral recumbency A small gauze sponge is placed under the head to keep the hard palate perpendicular with the table top Parallel technique is used |
| how many films can be in an intra oral film package | 1 or 2 |
| Inside the packet, film is positioned between an inner lining of 2 sheets | of black paper |
| A sheet of lead foil is located at the | ‘back’ of the packet, next to the tab |
| Lead foil protects the | scatter of secondary radiation |
| The back tab is placed next to | the tongue or palate |
| what is important to identify in film labeling, | right from left |
| film fogging | light leaks, outdated chemicals, outdated film, developer contaminated with fixer |
| No image- | unexposed film, film placed in fixer first, poor alignment during radiograph procedure |
| light film | not enough exposure, weak developer |
| dark film | too much exposure, too long in developer, developing solution too warm, (ideal temp 68 degrees F) |
| 4 types of developing systems | automatic processor, self developing film packets, digital, hand developing chamber |
| hand developing order | Developer - Water - Fixer -Water |
| most intraoral film is in a series of layers, a _____ coating covers the external portion | plastic or paper |
| between plastic and radiographic film itself is a | layer of paper |
| personnel should be protected by use of ____ ____ and or _____ | lead safety apron, screen, distance |
| the max amount of ____ supporting bone should be included in the sensor or film | root |
| the parallel technique is indicated for radiographs to evaluate ____ ____ ____ and ____ | mandibular posterior teeth and nasal cavity |
| the ___ ___ ____ is used when parallel projections cannot be made | bisecting angle technique |
| if the machine is aimed at the tooth the x rays may miss the sensor or film, if anything shows up on the image it will be distorted by | elongation |
| if machine is aimed at the sensor or film, the x rays may miss the tooth, a distorted tooth by ____ is the complication | foreshortening |
| to take a radiograph of the max posterior teeth the sensor or film is placed in the mouth ______ to the hard palate | parallel |
| to take a radiograph of the max post teeth, the machine head is positioned so that it is ____ degrees off the vertical or horizontal plane of the hard palate | 45 |
| complete radiographic study can be as little as ____ view | 6 |
| for canine teeth the x ray head should be ____ degrees from the front of the patient and ____ degrees from the side of the patient | 45 abd 45 |
| blurred or double images are caused by ____ of either the patient of machine | movement |
| ____ film has been over exposed, overdeveloped or exposed to light during processing | black |
| old ___ gives washed out background and fogs film | developer |
| do you pour processing solutions down the sink | no |
| if the image is elongated | aim at the sensor or film |
| if the image is forshortend | aim at the subject |
| Typical radiographic study includes of the small dog or cat | One view: Maxillary incisors and canines; Two views (right and left): maxillary premolars and molars; One view: mandibular incisors and canines; Two views (right and left): mandibular premolar and molar teeth; |
| 2 added views for large dog whole mouth survey | Two views (right and left): mandibular anterior premolars and canine tooth; lateral bisecting angle technique for each side Two views (right and left): mandibular posterior premolar and molar teeth; parallel technique for each side |
| 10 views are usually taken for | large breed dogs and additional views may be needed for giant or large dolicephalic breeds |
Created by:
lnorris2