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Eng 301

Fallacies in Reasoning

TermDefinition
Non sequitur The stated conclusion is not necessarily a logical result of the facts presented.
Ad Populum (Argument to the People) The attempt to win popular assent to a conclusion by arousing the emotions and enthusiasms of the multitude rather than by appeal to the facts.
False Comparison (Faulty Analogy) This fallacy consists in assuming that because two things are alike in one or more respects, they are necessarily alike in some other respect or in all respects.
Either/Or fallacy Asserts that a complex issue has only two sides -- often one right, one wrong.
Hasty Generalization An argument that is based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.
Ad Hominem (Personal Attack) Attack is made on a person’s character or circumstances rather than his or her argument.
Circular Reasoning (Begging the Question) An assertion that should be proved by argument is stated as truth. These arguments invite us to assume something has been proved when it has merely been restated.
Red Herring (Changing the Subject) An irrelevant point is introduced to divert the reader’s attention from the main issue.
Bandwagon Appeal An attempt is made to validate or prove a point by suggesting “everyone else believes it.”
Testimonial Use of a respected or well-known but non-expert figure to recommend a product, position, or cause.
Card-stacking Carefully selecting only facts that support the writer’s position.
Created by: ladymacbeth1027
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