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Chem Vocab Ch 5-8
Vocab Ch. 5-8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| significant figurea | the certain digits and the first uncertain digit of a measurement |
| conversion factor | a ratio used to convert from one unit to another |
| atomic mass unit (amu) | a small unit of mass equal to 1.66 x 10^-24 grams |
| average atomic mass | the weighted average of the masses of all the isotopes of an element |
| mole | the number equal to the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure 12 C: Avogadro's number. One mole represents 6.022 x 10^23 units |
| avogadro's number | the numbers of atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure 12 C, equal to 6.022 x 10^23 |
| molar mass | the mass in grams of 1 mole of the substance |
| empirical formula | the formula of a compound expressing the smallest whole-number ration of atoms in a compound |
| molecular formula | the actual formula of a compound giving the types of atoms and numbers of each type of atom |
| chemical reaction | one or more substances are changed into one or more new substances by the reorginization of component atoms |
| chemical equation | a representaion of a chemical reaction using the formulas of the starting substances that react and the the new substances that are formed |
| reactant | the starting substance of a chemical reaction, shown to the left of the reaction arrow |
| product | the new substance formed by a chemical reaction, shown to the right of the reaction arrow |
| coeffiecient | the number written in front of the chemical formulas in a balance chemical equation- coefficients indicate the relative numbers of reactants and products in the reaction |
| precipitation | the formation of a solid in a chemical reaction |
| precipitate | the solid that forms in a precipitation reaction |
| precipitation reaction | a reaction in which a solid forms and separates from the solution |
| strong electrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water by dissociation completely into ions |
| soluble solid | a solid that readily dissolves in water |
| insoluble solid | a solid that dissolves to such a small degree that it is not detectable to the naked eye |
| strong acid | an acid that completely dissociates to produce H+ ions in solution |
| strong base | a basee that completely dissociates to produce OH- ions in solution |
| oxidation reduction reaction | a chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons |
| double displacement reaction | AB + CD ---> AD + CB |
| acid base reaction | involves H+ ion that ends up in the product water |
| single replacement reaction | A + BC ---> B+AC |
| combustion reaction | a chemical reaction involving oxygen as one of the reactants that produces enough heat so that a flame results |
| synthesis (combination) reaction | a chemical reaction in which a compound is formed from simpler materials |
| decomposition reaction | a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into simpler compounds, or into the component elements |
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briannaaa_vik
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