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Chem Vocap Ch 1-4
Chemistry 1-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chemistry | the sciene of materials and the changes that these materials undergo |
| scientific method | the process that lies at the center of science inquiry |
| theory | is a set of tested hypotheses that gives an overall explanation of some part of nature |
| natural law | statemednt that summarizes generally observed behavior |
| measurement | a quantitative observation |
| matter | the "stuff" of which the universe is composed of |
| atom | fundamental unit of which elements are made |
| compounds | substances made by bonding atoms together in specific ways |
| molecule | a collection of atoms bonded together that behave as a unit |
| elements | substances containing only one type of atom |
| solid | substance with a fixed shape and volume |
| liquid | substance with a definite volume that takes the shape of its container |
| gas | substance with no definite shape or volume |
| physical property | characterisitic of a substance that can change without the substance s becoming a different substance |
| chemical property | characteristic that describes the ability of a substance to change to a different substance |
| physical change | change that does not affect the composition of a substance |
| chemical change | change in which a substance becomes a different substance |
| mixture | a substance with variable composition |
| alloy | a mixture of elements that has metallic properties |
| pure substance | either a pure element of a compound |
| homogenous mixture | a mixture that is the same throughout |
| solution | a homogenous mixture |
| heterogeneous mixture | a mixture containing regions with differing properties |
| distillation | a separation process that depends on the different boiling points of the substances |
| filtration | separation of a solid from a liquid by using filter paper |
| element symbols | a set of abbreviations for the chemical elements |
| electrons | a negatively charged subatomic particle |
| nuclear atom | a modern concept of the atom as having a dense center of positive charge (the nucleus) surrounded by moving electrons |
| nucleus | the relatively small, dense center of positive charge in an atom |
| proton | a positively charged subatomic particle located in the atomic nucleus |
| neutron | a subatomic particle with no charge located in the atomic nucleus |
| isotopes | atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of a given atom |
| mass number | the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a given atom |
| group | a vertical column of elements on the periodic table |
| diatomic molecule | a milecule composed of two atoms |
| ion | an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge |
| cation | positively charged ion |
| anion | negatively charged ion |
| ionic compound | a compound that results when a metal reacts with a nonmetal to form cations and anions |
| binary ionic compound | a two-element compound consisting of a cation and an anion |
| polyatomic ions | an ion consisting of two or more atoms bound together |
| oxyanion | a polyatomic ion containing at least one oxygen atom and one or more atoms of at least one other element |
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