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AP Chap 21
the immune system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which of the statements below does not describe antigens? | antigens only come from microbes |
| the only t cells that can directly attack and kill other cells are the | cytotoxic cells |
| which of the following is not a type of t cell | antigenic |
| toll like recpetors trigger the release of ___ to attract white blood cells to the scene. | cytokines |
| interferons___ | interfere with viral replication within cells |
| which of the following is characteristic of complete antigens? | reactivity with an antibody |
| the primary immune response___ | has a lag period while b cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells |
| select he correct statement about immunodeficiency | the causative agent in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is a virus that recognizes cd4 proteins |
| which of the following is not a mechanism for the development of autoimmune disorders? | a second exposure to an allergen |
| which of the following is not characteristic of the adaptive immune system? | it is specific for a given organ |
| which of the following would be classified as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction? | allergic contact dermatitis |
| which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response? | replaces injured tissues with connective tissue |
| which of the following is true of immediate hypersensitivities? | they involve IfE antibodies and the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils |
| which statement is true about t cells? | their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2 |
| small molecules that bind with self proteins to produce antigenic substances are called | haptens |
| select the correct statement about antigens | one antigen may have many different antigenic determinants and therefore cause the formation of more than one antibody |
| clonalk selection of bcells | results in the formation of plasma cells |
| innate immune system defenses include | phagocytosis |
| the antibody molecule is held together by___bonds | disulfide |
| fever__ | production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting |
| which of the following does not respond to cell mediated immunity? | pathogens in the cns |
| select the correct definition about tissue grafts | isografts are between identical twins |
| which of the following is nto an autoimmunce disease? | type 2 diabetes |
| antibody functions include all of the following except___ | cross linking cell bound antigens on red blood cells when blood types are properly matched |
| the redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by___ | vasodilation |
| select the correct statement about active and passive immunity | active and passive humoral immunity are both mechanisms of adaptive immunity that use antibodies |
| b lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the ____ | bone marrow |
| delayed hypersensitivities___ | include allergic contact dermatitis |
| regulatory t cells___ | may function in preventing autoimmune reactions |
| cyto toxic t cells ___ | are the only t cells that can directly attack and kill other cells |
| which of the following is a part of the second line of defense against microorganisms? | phagocytes |
| b cells respond to the initial antigen challenge by____ | producuing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells |
| immunocompetence____ | is the ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigen by binding to it |
| which of the following is characteristic of antibodies? | composed of heavy and light polypeptide chains |
| which of the following statements is incorrect of false? | class II MHC molecules appear only on the surface of antigen presenting cells, thymic cells and t cells that have been activated by exposure to antigens |
| which of the following is associated with passive immunity? | passage of IgG from a pregnant mother to her fetus |
| which of the following is not a method by which antibodies work? | activating cytokines |
| monoclonal antibodies are used for the diagnosis of all of the following except___ | juvenile diabetes |
| natural killer (nk) cells____ | can kill cancer cells before the immune system is activated |
| phagocyte mobilization involves | mainly neutrophil and macrophage migration into inflamed areas |
| complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites enabling macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytize the organism. this phenomenon is termed | opsonization |
| which of the following is the correct sequence of events in phagocytosis? | cheotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, killling |
| helper t cells | function in the adaptive immune system activation |
| ___are released by activated t cells and macrophages to mobilize immune cells and attract other leukocytes intot he area | cytokines |
| select the correct statement about the prevention of immune attack on 'self" | tolerance is developed during fetal life |
| the process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to an inflammatory site is called | chemotaxis |
| what is the role of interferon in defense against disease? | protects cells that have not yet been infected by viruses |
| which of the following statements regarding NK cells is a false or incorrect statement? | NK cells are a type of neutrophil |
| cancer cells and virus infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive immunity by___ | Natural killer cells |
| select the correct statement about the function of antibodies | complement fixation is the main mechanism by which antibodies provide protection |
| which of the following is true about the number of binding sites per functional antibody unit | IgM contains 10 binding sites |
| __predominate at the sites of chronic infections | macrophages |
| graft rejection may be caused by | using a xenograft |
| select the correct statement about complement | an adaptive immune mechanism is often involved in direction complement to its target |
| in clonal selection of b cellas which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned | antigen |
| which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statment | after becoming immunocompetent the naïve t cells and b cells are exported to the bone marrow where the encounters with antigens occur |
| which of the following cells is the most critical cell in immunity? | helper T cell |
| __determine what specific foreign substances our adaptive immunce system will be able to recognize and resist. | our genes |
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