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Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Reflex | inevitable, involuntary response to stimuli. |
| Instinct | an inborn pattern of behavior elicited by environment stimuli. Also known as a fixed action pattern. |
| Learning | a relatively permanent change in behavior or the capacity for behavior due to experience. |
| Associative learning | the formation of associations or connections among stimuli and behaviors. |
| Classical conditioning | a type of learning in which associations are formed between two stimuli that occur sequentially in time |
| Operant conditioning | a type of learning in which associations are formed between behaviors and their outcomes. |
| Nonassociative learning | learning that involved changes in the magnitude of responses to a stimulus. |
| Habituation | a simple form of learning in which reactions to repeated stimuli that are unchanging and harmless decreases |
| Sensitization | an increased reaction to many stimuli following exposures to one very strong stimulus. |
| Observational learning | learning that occurs when an organism watches the actions of another. Also know as social learning or modeling |
| Conditioned stimulus (CS) | an environmental event whose significance is learned through classical conditioning. |
| Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) | a stimulus that elicits a response without any prior experience |
| Conditioned response (CR) | a response learned through classical conditioning. |
| Unconditioned response (UCR) | a response to an unconditioned stimulus that requires no previous experience. |
| Acquisition | the development of a learned response |
| Extinction | the reduction of a learned response |
| Spontaneous Recovery | during extinction training, the reappearance of conditioned responses after periods of rest. Inhibition : a feature of classical conditioning in which a conditioned stimulus actually predicts the nonoccurrence of an unconditioned stimulus. |
| Generalization | the tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to an original conditioned stimulus. |
| Discrimination | a leaned ability to distinguish between stimuli. |
| Higher order conditioning | learning in which stimuli associated with a conditioned stimulus also elicit conditioned responding |