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Elbow & Wrist
Chapter 11 & 12 (Elbow and Wrist): Cards from book information
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The elbow joint is the articulation of what two bones? | Humerus and Ulna |
| What type of joint is the elbow joint? | Uniaxial hinge joint |
| What two motions can be produced at the elbow joint? | Flexion and Extension |
| How many degrees of motion are available at the elbow joint during flexion? | 145 degrees (beginning at 0 degrees of extension) |
| Does the elbow joint have active hyperextension? | No. |
| The articulation between the radius and ulna is know as the ___________________ joint. | Radioulnar |
| At the proximal end of the radioulnar joint, the head of the radius pivots within the radial notch of the ulna. This articulation forms the _______________ radioulnar joint. | Superior (aka proximal) |
| Due to the shape of the radius, the distal end of the radius rotates around the distal end of the ulna, forming the __________ radioulnar joint. | Inferior (aka distal) |
| What two motions can be produced from the radioulnar joint? | Supination and pronation |
| What type of joint is the radioulnar joint? | Uniaxial pivot joint |
| Measured from the neutral or midposition, there are approximately ____ degrees of supination and ____ degrees of pronation. | 90 degrees of supination 80 degrees of pronation |
| True or False? The ulna rotates around the radius. The radius cannot move as it is locked in place by its bony shape at the proximal end. | False. "The ULNA does not rotate, as it is locked in place by its bony shape at the proximal end." (page 148) |
| True of False? A muscle must attach on the radius to be able to pronate or supinate the arm. | True (page 148) |
| Name the term: the angle that is greater in women, occurs because the distal end of the humerus is not level (the medial side is lower than the lateral side), and is quite functional in getting your hand to your mouth. | Carrying Angle |
| Normal carrying angle in men is ___ degrees and ____ to ____ degrees in women. | 5 degrees = men 10 - 15 degrees = women |
| Name the end feel that occurs during flexion of the elbow joint. | Soft tissue approximation (the end feel is soft because the muscle bulk of the arm and forearm compresses together and limits further motion) |
| Name the end feel that occurs during extension of the elbow joint. | Bony end feel (bone-on-bone contact as the olecranon process of the ulna moves into the olecranon fossa of the humerus, limiting further motion) |
| Name the end feel that occurs during supination. | Soft tissue stretch (end feel is firm because of muscle and ligament tension) |
| Name the end feel that occurs during pronation. | Bony end feel (due to contact between the radius and the ulna) |
| Name the two convex areas at the distal end of the humerus. | trochlea (articulating with the ulna) capitulum (articulating with the radius) |
| Name the concave area at the proximal end of the ulna. | trochlear notch |
| Name the concaave area at the proximal end of the radius. | radial head |
| Name the bony landmark of the scapula: the raised portion on the inferior lip of the glenoid fossa that provides attachment of the long head of the triceps muscle | Infraglenoid Tubercle |
| Name the bony landmark of the scapula: raised portion on the superior lip of the glenoid fossa that provides attachment for the long head of the biceps muscle | Supraglenoid Tubercle |
| Name the muscle that attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. | Biceps Brachii - long head |
| Name the muscle that attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. | Triceps Brachii - long head |
| Name the bony landmark of the scapula: projection on the anterior surface that provides attachment for the short head of the biceps muscle. | Coracoid Process |
| Name the muscle that attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula. | Biceps Brachii - short head |
| Name the bony landmark at the distal end of the humerus: located on the medial side of the distal end; articulates with the ulna | Trochlea |
| Name the bony landmark at the distal end of the humerus: on the lateral side next to the trocholea; articulates with the head of the radius | Capitulum |
| Name the bony landmark at the distal end of the humerus: located on the medial side of the distal end above the trochlea; larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle. It provides attachment for the pronator teres muscle | Medial Epicondyle |
| Name the muscle that attaches to the medial epicondyle at the distal end of the humerus. | Pronator teres |
| Name the bony landmark at the distal end of the humerus: located on the lateral side of the distal end above the capitulum; provides attachment for the anconeus and supinator muscles | Lateral Epicondyle |
| Name the two muscles that attach at the lateral epicondyle at the distal end of the humerus. | Anconeus and supinator muscles |
| Name the bony landmark at the distal end of the humerus: located above the lateral epicondyle; provides attachment for the brachioradialis muscle | Lateral Supracondylar Ridge |
| Name the muscle that attached at the lateral suprcondylar ridge | Brachioradialis |
| Name the bony landmark at the distal end of the humerus: located on the posterior surface between the medial and lateral epicondyles; articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna | olecranon fossa |
| Name the bony landmark of the ulna: located at the proximal end of the ulna, on the posterior surface; forms the prominent point of the elbow and provides attachment for the triceps muscle | olecranon process |
| Name the muscle that attaches to the olecranon process of the ulna. | Triceps |
| Name the bony landmark of the ulna: articulates with the trochlea of the humerus; makes up the anterior surface at the proximal end | Trochlear Notch (aka semilunar notch) |
| Name the bony landmark of the ulna: located just below the trochlear notch; with the ulnar tuberosity, provides attachment for the brachialis muscle | CoroNoid process |
| Name the muscle that attaches to the coronoid process of the ulna. | Brachialis |
| Name the bony landmark of the ulna: located at the proximal end on the lateral side just distal to the trochlear notch; articulation point for he head of the radius | radial notch |
| Name the bony landmark of the ulna: located below the coronoid process; provides an attachment for the brachialis muscle | ulnar tuberosity |
| Name the muscle that attaches to the ulnar tuberosity. | Brachialis |
| Name the bony landmark of the ulna: at the distal end on the posterior medial surface | styloid process |
| Name the bony landmark of the ulna: at the distal end on the lateral surface; the ulnar notch of the radius pivots around it during pronation and supination | head |
| Name the bony landmark of the radius: proximal end; has a cylinder shape with a depression in the superior surface where it articulates with the capitulum of the humerus | head |
| Name the bony landmark of the radius: located on the medial side near the proximal end; provides attachment for the biceps muscle | radial tuberosity |
| Name the muscle that attaches to the radial tuberosity | Biceps |
| Name the bony landmark of the radius: located on the posterior lateral side of the radius at the distal end; provides attachment for the brachioradialis muscle | Styloid process |
| Name the muscle that attaches to the styloid process of the radius. | Brachioradialis |
| Name the three ligaments of the elbow joint. | Medial Collateral Ligament Lateral Collateral Ligament Annular Ligament |
| Name the ligament of the elbow: triangular in shape, spans the medial side of the elbow, attaches on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and runs obliquely to the medial sides of the coronoid process and olecranon process of the ulna. | Medial Collateral Ligament |
| Name the ligament of the elbow: triangular in shape; attaches proximally on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and distally on the annular ligament and the lateral side of the ulna | Lateral Collateral Ligament |
| Name the function of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the elbow. | provide a great deal of medial and lateral stability to the elbow |
| Name the ligament of the elbow: attaches anteriorly and posteriorly to the radial notch of the ulna, encompassing the head of the radius and holding it against the ulna | Annular Ligament |
| Which two structures hold the head of the radius against the ulna (radioulnar articulation)? | Annular Ligament and Interosseous membrane (page 151, first and third paragraphs) |
| Name the structure: attaches around the distal end of the hum. and encompasses the trochlea and capitulum, and the fossas located above them, attaches around the proximal end of the ulna, under the radial notch & coronoid process, & around troch notch | Joint capsule |
| The joint capsule is strengthened anteriorly and somewhat posteriorly by which ligament? | Annular Ligament |
| The joint capsule is strengthened on the sides by which ligament(s)? | Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments |
| Name the structure: broad, flat membrane located between the radius and the ulna for most of their length, keeps the two bones from separating and provides more surface area for attachment of the forearm and wrist muscles | interosseous membrane |
| Name the depression: somewhat triangular, corresponds closely to the skin crease in the bend of the elbow, contains the biceps tendon, the brachial artery, and the median nerve, brachial pulse can be palpated here | cubital fossa |
| Name the 8 muscles of the elbow and forearm. | Brachialis, Brachioradioalis, Biceps, Supinator, Anconeus, Triceps, Pronator Teres, Pronator Quadratus (Triple B SAT to P.P.) |
| Which muscle lies deep to the biceps muscle? | Brachialis |
| Name the muscle: attaches to the distal half of the humerus on the anterior surface and spans the elbow joint anteriorly to attach to the coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity of the ulna | Brachialis |
| True or False? The brachialis muscle has no attachment to the radius and therefore does not play a part in pronation or supination. | True. |
| Who is referred to as the "workhorse of the elbow joint"? | Brachialis |
| Fill in the following information for BRACHIALIS: O: I: A: N: | O: Distal half of humerus, anterior surface I: Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity of the ulna A: Elbow flexion N: Musculocutaneous nerve |
| Name the muscle: has two heads and is located on the arm, both heads attach to the scapula, long head arises from the supraglenoid tubercle, short head comes from the coracoid process, superficial muscle of the anterior surface of the arm | Biceps Brachii |
| Fill in the following information for BICEPS BRACHII: O: I: A: N: | O: Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Short head: coracoid process of scapula I: radial tuberosity of radius A: Elbow flexion, forearm supination N: Musculocutaneous nerve |
| The biceps brachii is most effective in supination when the elbow is in approximately ___ degrees of flexion, and it loses its effectiveness as the elbow is extended. | 90 |
| Which muscle action can be best pictured by imagining the actions associated with using a corkscrew to remove the cork in a wine bottle? | Biceps brachii |
| Name the muscle: one attachment on the humerus and one attachment on the radius, attached proximally on the supracondylar ridge and attached distally near the styloid process of radius, superficial muscle and easy to identify | Brachioradialis |
| Which muscle is primarily activated during "hammer curls"? | Brachioradialis |
| If your deltoid and the clavicular fibers of your pectoralis major were injuried, who would take over to complete shoulder flexion? | Biceps brachii |
| Fill in the following information for BRACHIORADIALIS: O: I: A: N: | O: Lateral supracondylar ridge on the humerus I: Styloid process of the radius A: Elbow flexion N: Radial nerve |
| True or False? Despite it's attachment on the radius, the brachioradialis has no real effect in pronation or supination. | True (page 153) |
| Name the muscle: has three heads, located posteriorly and makes up the entire muscle mass of the posterior arm | Triceps Brachii |
| Fill in the following information for TRICEPS BRACHII: O: I: A: N: | O: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Lateral head: inferior to greater tubercle on posterior humerus Medial head: posterior surface of the humerus I: Olecranon process of ulna A: Elbow Extension N: Radial Nerve |
| The triceps becomes actively insufficient during the combination of what two motions? | Shoulder and elbow extension |
| Name the muscle: a very small muscle that attaches to the much larger triceps muscle, main function is to pull the ligament to keep it from being pinched in the olecranon fossa during elbow extension | Anconeus muscle |
| Fill in the following information for ANCONEUS: O: I: A: N: | O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus I: Lateral and inferior to olecranon process of ulna A: Not a prime mover in any joint action; assists in elbow flexion (moves ligament from being pinched) N: Radial Nerve |
| Name the muscle: a superficial muscle as it crosses the elbow but is covered by the brachioradialis muscle at its distal attachment, proximally attached on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and medial aspect of the coronoid process of ulna | Pronator Teres |
| Fill in the following information for PRONATOR TERES: O: I: A: N: | O: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna I: Lateral aspect of radius at its midpoint A: Forearm pronation, assistive in elbow flexion N: Median nerve |
| Name the muscle: small, flat, quadrilateral muscle located deep on the anterior surface of the distal forearm, cannot be palpated, horizontal line of pull | Pronator Quadratus |
| Fill in the following information for PRONATOR QUADRATUS: O: I: A: N: | O: Distal one-fourth of ulna I: Distal one-fourth of radius A: Forearm pronation N: Median nerve |
| Name the muscle: a deep muscle that wraps around the elbow joint laterally from the posterior surface to the anterior surface, combines with the biceps muscle as a prime mover in an action | Supinator muscle |
| Fill in the following information for SUPINATOR MUSCLE: O: I: A: N: | O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent ulna I: Anterior surface of the proximal radius A: Forearm supination N: Radial nerve |
| Which terminal nerve of the brachial plexus (MARMU) innervates muscles of the anterior arm involved with elbow flexion? | Musculocutaneous |
| Which terminal nerve of the brachial plexus (MARMU)travels through the axilla and around the middle portion of the humerus to innervate the muscles of the posterior surface of the arm, forearm, and hand? | Radial Nerve |
| Which terminal nerve of the brachial plexus (MARMU) descends the arm anteriorly sending branches to the pronator muscles? | Median Nerve (make sure you note that it is mediaN, not mediaL) |
| Name the common elbow pathology: a very common overuse condition that affects the common extensor tendon where it inserts into the lateral epicondyle of the humerus; common in racquet sports and other repetitive wrist extension activities | Lateral epicondylitis (aka tennis elbow) |
| Name the common elbow pathology: an inflammation of the common flexor tendon that inserts into the medial epicondyle, an overuse condition that results in tenderness over the medial epicondyle and pain on resisted wrist flexion | Medial epicondylitis (aka golfer's elbow) |
| Name the common elbow pathology: overuse injury of the medial epicondyle, usually caused by repetitive throwing motion; seen in young baseball players who have not reached skeletal maturity; throwing motion places a valgus stress on the elbow | Little League elbow |
| Name the common elbow pathology: seen in young children under the age of 5 who have experienced a sudden strong traction force on the arm (i.e. an adult suddenly pulls on the child's arm or the child falls away from an adult while being held by the arm) | Pulled elbow (aka nursemaid's elbow) |
| Name the common elbow pathology: caused when a great deal of force is applied to an elbow that is in a slightly flexed position; ulna slides posterior to the distal end of the humerus | Elbow dislocation |
| Name the common elbow pathology: among the most common fractures in children and are caused by falling on the outstretched hand; distal end of the humerus fractures just above the condyles, dangerous due to potential damage to the brachial artery | Supracondylar fractures |
| Name the three muscles that are prime movers during elbow flexion. | Biceps, Brachialis, Brachioradialis (all the Bs) |
| Name the one muscle that is the prime mover during elbow extension. | Triceps |
| Name the two muscles that are the prime movers during forearm pronation. | Pronator Teres and Pronator Quadratus (this one is pretty obvious LOL) |
| Name the two muscles that are the prime movers during forearm supination. | Biceps and Supinator muscle |
| When you hit your "funny bone", what nerve is causing the interesting tingling action? | Ulnar Nerve |
| Does the ulnar nerve innervate any of the muscles of the elbow joint? | No. |
| Name the common pathology: a rare but potentially devastating ischemic necrosis of the forearm muscles (caused by damage to the brachial artery) | Volkmann's Ischemic Contracture |
| Name the four muscles of the elbow joint innervated by the radial nerve. | Brachioradialis, Anconeus, Triceps, Supinator (BATS) |
| Name the two muscles of the elbow joint innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. | Brachialis and Biceps |
| Name the 2 muscles of the elbow joint innervated by the median nerve. | Pronator teres and prontaro quadratus |
| Review of Chapter 5: Is this a description of concentric or eccentric contractions? Muscle attachments move closer together, movement is usually occurring against gravity, it is an acceleration activity | Concentric |
| Review of Chapter 5: Is this a description of concentric or eccentric contractions? Muscle attachments move farther apart, movement usually occurs with gravity, the contraction is used with a deceleration activity | Eccentric |
| The wrist joint is made up of what two joints? | the radiocarpal joint and the midcarpal joint |
| Name the eight carpal bones. | in order starting w/ proximal row at the first digit (thumb) and headed toward fifth digit (pinky): Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform (proximal row) - Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate Mnemonic: Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Han |
| Is the ulna considered part of the radiocarpal joint? | No. "Because an articular disk is located between the ulna and the proximal row of carpals, the ulna is not considered part of this joint." (pg. 161) |
| Is the Pisiform bone considered part of the radiocarpal joint? | No. "The Pisiform, located in the proximal row of carpal bones, does not articulate with the disk because it is more anterior to the triquetrum. Thereform, it is not considered part of this joint either." (pg. 161) |
| What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint? | synovial; further classified as a condyloid joint due to its concave distal end of the radius and the convex scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum. Also classified as a biaxial joint. |
| Does rotation exist at the wrist joint? | No. Gliding and sliding motions allow for flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, radial deviation, and circumduction. |
| Name the four pure movements possible at the wrist joint? | Flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, radial deviation. Circumduction is a combination of these four movements. |
| What type of joints are the midcarpal (aka intercarpal) joints? | Plane joints |
| What shape are the midcarpal (aka intercarpal) joints? | Irregular |
| Which type classification best describes metacarpal (aka intercarpal) joints? (A) uniaxial (B) nonaxial (C) biaxial (D) none of the above | (B) Nonaxial |
| Which joint appears between the distal row of carpal bones and the proximal end of the metacarpal bones? | Carpometacarpal joints (CMC) |
| Name the synonym for "wrist flexion". | "Palmar flexion" |
| Name the two synonyms for "wrist extension". | "Hyperextension" and "dorsiflexion" |
| Name the term. "approximately midway between flexion and extension, putting the hand in a straight line with the forearm" | neutral position |
| According to the book (page 162), what plane do flexion and extension occur in and around which axis? | "Flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane around the frontal axis" |
| There are approximately how many degrees of flexion possible? | 90 |
| There are approximately how many degrees of extension possible? | 70 |
| According to the book (page 162), what plane do radial and ulnar deviation occur in and around which axis? | "Radial and ulnar deviation occur in the frontal plane around the sagittal axis" |
| There are approximately how many degrees of radial deviation possible? | 25 (per book) |
| There are approximately how many degrees of ulnar deviation possible? | 35 |
| What type of end feel occurs for each wrist motion, with the exception of radial deviation? | Soft tissue stretch. |
| What is the end feel for radial deviation? | Bony end feel (due to the bone contact between the radial styloid process and the scaphoid bone (carpal). |
| Name this bony landmark of the wrist joint. Distal projection on the lateral side of the radius and distal medial posterior side of the ulna, providing attachment for the collateral ligament | syloid processes |
| Name this bony landmark of the wrist joint. Projection on the anterior surface of the hamate, providing attachment for the transverse carpal ligament | hook of the hamate |
| Name this bony landmark of the wrist joint. located on the distal medial side of the humerus; attachment for the common flexor tendon | medial epicondyle |
| Name this bony landmark of the wrist joint. located on the distal lateral side of the humerus; attachment for the common extensor tendon | lateral epicondyle |
| Name this bony landmark of the wrist joint. located just proximal to the lateral epicondyle; attachment for the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle | supracondylar ridge |
| ** Offensive/crude joke. Don't continue reading if sensitive ** Wanna know who your true best friend is? | Lock your dog and your girlfriend in the trunk overnight. Open the trunk and see which one is happy to see you. |
| Name the synonym for radial deviation | Wrist abduction |
| Name the synonym for ulnar deviation | wrist adduction |
| Name the four major ligaments of the radiocarpal joint. | Radial collateral ligament, ulnar collateral ligament, palmar radiocarpal ligament, and the dorsal radiocarpal ligament |
| Name the three attachment sites of the radial collateral ligament. | Styloid process of the radius, scaphoid bone, and trapezium bone. |
| Name the three attachment sites of the ulnar collateral ligament. | Styloid process of the ulna, the pisiform bone, and the triquetrum bone. |
| Name the function of the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments. | to provide lateral (radial collateral ligament) and medial (ulnar collateral ligament) to the wrist joint |
| Name the ligament that is thick, touch, and limits wrist extension. | Palmar radiocarpal ligament |
| Name the wrist ligament that is a broad band that attaches from the anterior surface of the distal radius and ulna to the anterior surface of the proximal carpal bones, and to the capitate bone in the distal row. | Palmar radiocarpal ligament |
| Do more activities of the hand occur with the wrist flexed or extended? | Extended (page 163) |
| Which ligament of the wrist is more opt to be stretched or strained? | Palmar radiocarpal ligament |
| Which wrist ligament attached from the posterior surface of the distal radius to the same surface of the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum? | Dorsal radiocarpal ligament |
| Name the ligament that limits wrist flexion. | Dorsal radiocarpal ligament |
| Is the dorsal radiocarpal ligament or the palmar radiocarpal ligament stronger? | Palmar radiocarpal ligament is stronger. |
| Name the structure. "encloses the radiocarpal joint and is reinforced by the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments and by the palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments." | joint capsule |
| What is located on the distal end of the ulnar and articulates with the triquetrum and lunate bones? | articular disk |
| Name the two functions of the articular disk. | shock absorber and a filler between the distal ulnar and its adjacent carpal bones (the triquetrum and lunate) |
| Name the structure. "a relatively thick, triangular fascia located superficially in the palm of the hand" | palmar fascia (aka palmar aponeurosis) |
| Where do all of the flexor muscles of the wrist attach? | medial epicondyle of the humerus |
| Where do all of the extensor muscles of the wrist attach? | lateral epicondyle of the humerus |
| With the exception of the palmaris longus muscle, all wrist muscles distally attach on a ____________________. | metacarpal |
| What does "carpi" (latin) mean? | wrist |
| Write out the following for FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS MUSCLE: O: I: A: N: | O: Medial epicondyle of humuerus I: Pisiform and base of fifth metacarpal A: Wrist flexion, ulnar deviation N: Ulnar nerve |
| Write out the following for FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS MUSCLE: O: I: A: N: | O: Medial epicondyle of humerus I: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals A: wrist flexion, radial deviation N: Median nerve |
| Write out the following for PALMARIS LONGUS MUSCLE: O: I: A: N: | O: Medial epicondyle of humerus I: palmar fascia A: assistive in wrist flexion N: Median nerve |
| Some would argue that Angie is more evolved (and sophisticated) than Johanna since she does appear to have the Palmaris Longus Muscle. Approximately what percentage of people are missing this muscle, either unilaterally or bilaterally? | 21% |
| Write out the following for EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS MUSCLE: O: I: A: N: | O: Supracondylar ridge of humerus I: base of 2nd metacarpal A: Wrist extension, radial deviation N: Radial nerve |
| I'll give you one guess what "longus" means in latin :) Now, with that said, take a stab at what "brevis" means. | Brevis means short (and for those that need it: i.e. Dawn after a long day back from spring break with very little caffeine, longus means long) :) All good fun, Dawn. We love ya! And I think most of us were feeling tired and out that day! |
| Write out the following for EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS MUSCLE: O: I: A: N: | O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus I: base of 3rd metacarpal A: Wrist extension N: Radial nerve |
| Write out the following for EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS MUSCLE: O: I: A: N: | O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus I: base of 5th metacarpal A: wrist extension, ulnar deviation N: Radial nerve |
| If sensitive, please don't read this card: Just as the teres major is the "slower" cousin of latissimus dorsi, Brevis is the "slower" little brother to Longus. | Brevis originates slightly lower than Longus, he inserts to one metacarpal lower and he can do wrist extension, but not radial deviation. |
| All extensor wrist muscles are innervated by what nerve? | Radial Nerve |
| flexor carpi Ulnaris is innervated by the Ulnar nerve (hence the only flexor with a "u" word). The other two flexors are innervated by what nerve? | Median nerve |
| Fill in the blank: The _________ nerve innervates the posterior muscles. The _______ nerve innervates the anterior muscles on the thumb side, and the ______ nerve innervates muscles on the ulnar side. | Radial, median, ulnar |
| Name the two muscles responsible for wrist flexion. | Flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris (both muscles that contain the word "flexor") |
| Name the three muscles responsible for wrist extension. | extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris (the three muscles that contain the word "extensor") |
| Name the two muscles responsible for radial deviation. | flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis longus (only those that contain the word "radialis") |
| Name the two muscles responsible for ulnar deviation | flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris (only those that contain the word "ulnaris") |
Created by:
a_roccio