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Dev psych
chapters 1,2,3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The field of human development is considered to be ________ because investigators often are interested in the practical implications of their research. | applied |
| Theories differ from opinions in that... | a theory's continued existence depends on scientific verification. |
| Which of the following is true regarding theories in human development? | No single theory has been able to explain every aspect of human development. |
| The concept of _______ is charactoeristic of ________ theories. | stage;discontinuous |
| in the normative approach, researchers... | compute age-related averages on large numbers of individuals to represent typical development. |
| According to the psychoanaliytic perspective, personality development is greatly influenced by... | how children resolve conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. |
| According to the behavioristic approach, the proper focus of study for psychology should be... | observable stimuli and responses. |
| After seeing his sister scratch the dog on its head, Sam scratched the dog's head. This is an example of... | modeling. |
| According to Piaget, ________ lead(s) to more advanced ways of thinking. | children's efforts to achieve equilibrium. |
| Information-processing researchers use flowcharts to... | map the precise steps children use in solving problems. |
| Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as a(n) _________ process | socially mediated |
| Unlike behaviorism, ecological systems theory views... | Children as both products and producers of their environments |
| Which major theory of development takes the strongest position on one side of the nature versus nurture issue? | behaviorism |
| Which of the following is true about the correlation coefficient? | a positive correlation coefficient implies that as one variable increases, the other also increases. |
| A correlation of -.79 between self-esteem and delinquency in adolescence indicates that... | the lower an adolescent's self-esteem, the more likely he or she is to be delinquent. |
| _________ permit inferences about the cause-and-effect relationships. | Experimental designs |
| In an experimental design, the investigator manipulates changes in the _______ and observes its effects on the _________. | independent variable; dependent variable |
| An advantage of cross-sectional designs is that... | researchers do not need to be concerned about participant dropout. |
| A sequential design.... | permits researchers to check if cohort effects are operating. |
| Characteristics such as hair color and height are called... | phenotypes. |
| Chromosomes | are located inside the cell cucleus |
| the DNA of humans and chimpanzees is between _____ percent identical | 98 and 99 |
| research shows that... | a healthy man can father a child at any age after sexual maturity |
| A zygote that separates into two clusters of cells instead of just one produces... | Identical twins |
| Studies of sex differences show that.... | the proportion of male births has declined in many industrialized countries in recent decades |
| _______ is a sudden but permanent change in a segment in DNA that can create __________. | mutation; genetic abnormalities |
| _______ is associated with a dramatic increase in the risk of having a child with Down syndrome. | Maternal age over 35 |
| which of the following is an ethical concern regarding in vitro procedures? | among in vitro babies, the risk of major birth defects doubles. |
| except for ______ and ______, prenatal diagnosis should not be used routinely. since other methods have some chance of injuring the fetus. | Maternal blood analysis; ultrasound |
| Most adopted children... | become well-adjusted adults |
| When marital relationships are warm and loving, mothers and fathers tend to praise and stimulate their children more. This is an example of a(n) _________ influence between parents and their children. | indirect |
| Higher-SES parents emphasize the importance of __________ for their children, whereas lower-SES parents emphasize ____________. | psychological traits; external characteristics. |
| research on SES demonstrates that... | youths of affluent parents are more likely to report highly levels of anziety and depression than low-SES youths. |
| of all Western nations, ________ has the highest percentage of extremely poor children. | The United States |
| Neighborhoods have ________ impact on the development of young people in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods compared to those in well-to-do neighborhoods | a greater |
| One important reason that the American people have been reluctant to accept the idea of publicly supported child care is that... | American values emphasize independence and self-reliance. |
| Among African Americans, living within an extended family tends to produce... | improved child rearing and reduced stress. |
| In the United States and Canada, | affordable child care is in short supply and much of it is substandard in quality. |
| The concept of range of reaction explains that children who are exposed to the same environmental conditions... | may respond to them differently because of their genetic makeup. |
| _________ is a highly canalized skill | crawling |
| Who is likely to do the most niche-picking? | older children |
| sperm | survive for up to 6 days after being released into the female reproductive tract. |
| By the end of the second trimester, | nearly all of the neurons that populate the mature brain are in place. |
| The age of viability occures sometime between... | 22 and 26 weeks. |
| In a study where mothers read aloud "the cat in the hat" for the last 6 weeks of pregnancy, after birth the infants.... | preferred hearing their mother read the familiar peom over other rhyming stories. |
| _________ referes to a limited time span during which a part of the body or a behavior is biologically prepared to develop rapidly and is expecially sensitive to its surroundings. | a sensitive period. |
| the period of the _________ is the time when serious defects from teratogens are most likely to occur becuase _________ this time. | embryo; the foundations for all body parts are laid down during. |
| Which of the following infant behavioral traits are similar in babies who were prenatally exposed to caffeine and those prenatally exposed to cocaine and heroin? | irritability. |
| It is difficult to isolate the precise damage caused by a single illegal drug during pregnancy because.... | drug-using mothers often take several drugs, display other risky behaviors, and suffer from poverty and other stressors. |
| High birth weight is associated with an increased risk of _________ in adulthood. | breast cancer. |
| Which of the following is supported by research regarding the effects of prenatal exposure to smoking? | A woman whose coworkers smoked during her pregnancy is more likely to have a low-birth-weight baby than a woman whose coworkers did not smoke. |
| Which of the following is supported by research on alcohol use during pregnancy? | Even less than one drink per day is associated with FAS-like symptoms. |
| Which fetal organ(s) is/are most seriously damaged by prenatal malnutrition? | brain |
| The effects of stress on the developing organism can be greatly reduced if... | the mother has others who offer support during stressfull periods. |
| Teenage mothers are at greater risk than older mothers for prenatal complications because.... | many pregnant teenagers do ot receive adequate prenatal care. |
| Infants born to mothers who delayed prenatal care to the end of pregnancy or who did not seek any at all are five times more likely to ______________ than babies whose mothers received early prenatal care. | die |
| During the secong stage of labor... | the baby is born. |
| Two Apgar ratings are given in the minutes following birth.... | because some babies have trouble adjusting immediately but do well after a few minutes. |
| Which of the following is true regarding preterm and small-for-date infants? | Small-for-date infants usually have more serious problems than preterm infants. |
| The United States' rankings have slipped from seventh to twenty-sixth internationally for infant death rates. Every country that outranks the US provides which of the following? | government-sponsored health care benefits, access to good nutrition, quality medical care and supports to promote effective parenting. |
| __________ are the neonate's most obvious organized patterns of behavior. | Reflexes. |
| Two-month-old Roderick lives in a home with two smoking parents. He has a mild respiratory infection and is placed in his crib on his stomach. Roderick is at high risk for... | SIDS |
| Newborn Sonjita cries at the sound of another crying baby. Some researchers believe that she is.... | reflecting an inborn capacity to react to the suffering of others. |
| Which of the following is supported by reasearch on colic? | Newborns who react especially strongly to unpleasant stimuli are at risk for colic. |
| By carrying her infant on her hip all day, a Zambian mother reverses the poor NBAS schore of her undernourished infant within a week. This is primarily due to... | the rich variety of sensory stimulation the infant receives. |
Created by:
vojtek