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bio test #2 3/13/13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| steps of protein transport through the endomemembrane system | 1. transport vesicles that contain proteins but from the rough ER, 2 proteins are modified in the golgi apparatus, 3. proteins are packages into secretory vesicles, 4. proteins are realeased into the extracellular envt |
| which structure is involved in eukaryotic cell division | microtubule organizing center |
| a type of microbody found in eukaryotic cells is the ___where hydrogen peroxide is produced as a by-product of the action of vertain oxidative enzymes. | peroxisome |
| compartment that function in stroage, regulation of cell volume and degradation are which of the following? | vacuoles |
| bacteria cells are encased by a strong cell wall composed of? | a carbohydrate called pepridoglycan |
| ribosome consists of how many subunits? | 2 |
| digestion of sunstances taken into the cell, break down macromolecules in the cell, and autophagy are all performed by__ | lysosomes |
| functions of the golgi apparatus include | protein sorting, secretion, processing |
| microtubules | fibers of the cytoskeleton include moving materials within the cell and organizing the cytoplasm |
| what is peptidoglycan? | carbohydrate matrix cross-linked by short polypeptide units |
| ATP is performed by what organelle? | motichondria |
| an unknown cell type contains ribosomes, cytoplasms, and a cell wall. what type of cell is this? | bacterial or plant |
| ribosomal subunits are produced in the region of the nucleus, called the ___ | nucleoulus |
| which proteins are involved in the recognition of self and nonself by the immune system | MHC |
| self immune system | |
| nonself immune system | |
| actin fibers are involved with which type of movement? | cellular crawling |
| function of peroxisome | oxidize fatty acids and in that process hydrogen peroxide is produced |
| before cells can synthesize proteins in large quantity, they must first construct a large number of ___, to carry out this synthesis | ribosomes |
| eukaryotic DNA structure | chromatin is present, dna organized in linear chromosomes |
| the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is surrounded by a double membrane called the ___ ___ | nuclear envelope |
| function of actin filaments | certain cell movement (crawling), cell strength (stress fibers), pinching of the cell during division |
| organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane, have their own DNA, involved in energy metabolism and have their own protein synthesis machinery are.... | mitochondria and chloroplasts |
| the term "simple" best describes the organization of: | prokaryotic cells |
| digestion of substances taken into the cell, break down macromolecules in the cell, and autophagy are all performed by___ | lysosomes |
| DNA eukaryotic structure | chromatin is present, DNA is organized in linear chromosomes |
| nuclear pores provide a passageway for molecules to move into and out of the ___ | nucleus |
| bateria and archaea both have? | cell membrane and ribosomes |
| prokaryotes lack which of the following? | mitchondria, nucleus |
| all cells have? | cytoplasm |
| the association of DNA and proteins in a non-dividing eukaryotic cell is referred to as? | chromatin |
| which proteins are involved in the recognition of self and non-self by the immune system? | MHC |
| peroxisomes contain the enzyme catalase that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into____ | water and oxygen |
| which of the following is correct concerning prokaryotic DNA structure? | dna forms a single loop, dna is located in the nucleoid region |
| which structure forms a protective layer rich in glycoproteins on the surface of cells? | extracellular matrix |
| organelles that have an acidic pH and break down carb, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are called... | lysosomes |
| similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts? | presence of DNA, independent replication, presence of ribosomes |
| ____ _____ form at the poinrs where the inner and outer nuclear membrane meet | nuclear pores |
| an unknown cell type contains a nucleus, cytoplasm and centrioles? what type of cell | animal |
| place the structures used for proteins destined for secretion in the correct order | ER, golgi, secretory vesicles, plasma membrane |
| cell junction | long lasting or permanent connection between cells |
| complex of DNA and proteins in a eukaryotic cell is referred to as | chromatin |
| chloroplasts are found in what organisms? | algae and plants |
| which of these is involved in polypeptide synthesis (ribosomes, cytoplasm or glycocalyx) | ribosomes |
| suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from bacteria that took up residence within a primoridial eukaryotic cell | endosymbiosis` |
| what are types of plastids? | chloroplasts, amyloplasts, leucoplasts |
| plastids? | |
| the primary function of the cytoskeleton is to? | support the cell shape and anchor organelles in the cell |
| cis in golgi stacj located? | close to the ER membrane |
| trans in the golgi stack located? | near the plasma membrane |
| endosymbosism refers to which type of relationship in which a smaller species lives inside a larger species> | symbiotic |
| which of the following can cause opening and closing in gap junction channels?q | hydrogen and calcium ions |
| the ___of the golgi apparatus are flattened, stacked membrane folds. | cisternae |
| whar are distinctly different in archaeal cells as composed to bacterial cells? | lipids |
| plants and fungi lack? | centrioles |
| ft of microtubules in cells | orientation, organization, cell shape, chrmosome movement |
| a leucoplast is a type of plastid also known as a(n) | amyloplast |
| items that should be able to cross the gap junction include which of the following? | amino acids, glucose |
| adherens junctions connect the ___ ___ of one cellw ith those of another cell or with the extracellular matrix | actin filaments |
| what connects the actin framework of cells? | cadherins |
| FT of nucleus? | housing of genome and gene regulation |
| the ___ is the region of the nucleus where intesive synthesis of ricosomal RNA takes place | nucleolus |
| the association of DNA and proteins in a non-dividing eukaryotic cell is referred to as___ | chromatin |
| the distribution of enzymes into___ is one of the principal ways eukaryotic cells organize their metabolism | microbodies |
| major histocompatibility complexes are involved in: | immune system recognition |
| some bacteria produce a thick gelatinous glycocalyx called a(n)____ which aids in attachment and prevent distruction by the host immune system | capsule |
| FT of centeral vacuole of plant cells? | |
| create selective tunnels that allow specific molecule to move through the membrane | channels |
| help the body distinguish it's own cells from foreign cells | glycoproteins |
| anchor certain proteins to specific sites within the membrane | clathrins |
| form a supporting scaffold beneath the membrane that helps determine cell shape | spectrins |
| form a barrier to the mvmt of water soluble molecules into and out of the cell | phospholipids |
Created by:
catherine.fdz