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CMJS Chapter 9
CMJS chpater 9 Nalley
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority. | sentencing |
| The act of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator. | retribution |
| A model of criminal sentencing that holds that criminal offenders deserve the punishment they receive at the hands of the law and that punishments should be appropriate to the type and severity of the crime committed. | just deserts |
| A goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to inhibit criminal behavior through the fear of punishment | deterrence |
| The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that an offender will commit future offenses | incapacitation |
| A goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to prevent a particular offender from engaging in repeat criminality | specific deterrence |
| A goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to prevent others from committing crimes similar to the one for which a particular offender is being sentenced by making an example of the person sentenced | general deterrence |
| The attemption to reform a criminal offender. Also, the state in which a reformed offender is said to be. | rehabilitation |
| A goal of criminal sentencing that attempts to make the victim "whole again" | restoration |
| A sentencing model that builds on restitution and community participation in an attempt to make the "whole again" | restorative justice |
| A model of criminal punishment that encourages rehabilitation through the use of general and relatively unspecific sentences (such as a term of imprionment of from one to ten years) | indeterminate sentencing |
| One of two or more sentences imposed at the same time, after conviction for more than one offense, and served in sequence with the other setence. Also, a new sentence for a new convicion, imposed upon a person already under sentence for a previous offense | consecutive sentence |
| One of two or more sentences imposed at the same time, after conviction for more than one offense, and served at the same time. | concurrent sentence |
| The amount of time deducted from time to be served in prison on a given sentence as a consequence of participation in special projects or programs | gain time |
| The amount of time deducted from time to be served in prison on a given sentence as a consequence of good behavior. | good time |
| A sentencing principle that holds that the severit of sanctions should bear a direct relationship to the seriousness of the crime committed | proportionality |
| A sentencing principle, based on concerns with social equality, that holds that similar crimes should be punished with the same degree of severity, regardless of the social or personal characteristics of the offenders. | equity |
| A sentencing principle, based on concerns with social equality, that holds that similar crimes should be punished with the same degree of severity, regardless of the social or personal characteristics of the offenders. | social debt |
| A model of criminal punishment that includes determinate and commission-created presumptive sentencing schemes, as well as voluntary/advisory sentencing guidelines | structured sentencing |
| A model of criminal punishment in which an offender is given a fixed term of imprisonmen that may be reduced by good time or gain time. | determinate sentencing |
| Recommend sentencing policies that are not required by law | voluntary/advisory sentencing |
| the appropriate sentence for an offender convicted of a specific charge is presumed to fall within a range of sentences authorized by sentencing guidelines that are adopted by a legislatively created sentencing body, usually a sentencing commission. | presumptive sentencing |
| Circumstances relating to the commission of a crime that make it more grave than the average instance of that crime | aggravating circumstances |
| Circumstances relating to the commission of a crime that may be considered to reduce the blameworthiness of the offender | mitigating circumstances |
| A close correspondence between the sentence imposed on an offender and the time actually served in prison | truth in sentencing |
| A structured sentencing scheme that allos no leeway in the nature of the sentencing imposed. Under mandatory sentencing, clearly enumerated punishments are mandated for specific offenses or for habitual offenders convicted of a series of crimes | mandatory sentencing |
| The official suspension of criminal or juvenile proceedings against an alleged offender at any point after a recorded justice system intake. | diversion |
| The use of court-ordered community service, home detention, day reporting, drug treatment, psychological counseling, victim-offender programming, or intensive supervision in lieu of other, more traditional sanctions, such as imprisonment and fines. | alternative sentencing |
| The examination of a convicted offender's background prior to sentencing. Presentence examinations are generally conducted by probation or parole officers and are submitted to sentencing authorities | presentence investigation |
| An in-court statement made by the victim or by survivors to sentencing authorities seeking to make an informed sentencing decision | victim-impact statement |
| The death penalty. Capital punishment is the most extreme of all sentencing options | capital punishment |
| A criminal offense punishable by death | capital offense |
| A writ that directs the person detaining a prisoner to bring him or her before a judicial officer to determine the lawfulness of the imprisonment | writ of habeas corpus |
Created by:
Razorbacks