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Tuesday Mid Term 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Hazard | Any threat to people and the things they value |
| Define Hazard adjustment | modifying human behavior or environmental features to enable people to live in a given place under prevailing conditions |
| What are the 4 Natural Hazards? | Meteorological, Geological, Hydrological and Extraterrestrial |
| Define man made hazards | Intentional or accidental occurrences caused by human activity |
| What are the two types of man made hazards? | Technological and Terrorism (BP Oil spill and 9/11) |
| What are the 5 costs of disasters? | Direct financial, long-term economical, environmental, societal and human loss of life. |
| Define preparedness | A state of readiness to respond to any emergency or disaster |
| When does preparedness take place in relation to an emergency? | Prior to an emergency |
| Define Mitigation | Any sustained action to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from hazards and their effects |
| Give examples of mitigation | Putting a house on stilts if it is in a flood plain, or retrofit a building to move with an earthquake |
| Mitigation vs Preparedness | Mitigation aims to lessen/prevent impacts of a disaster and is more long term. Preparedness is the functional/logistical/operational elements of a disaster and aims more at the response than recover phase |
| What are the values of mitigation and preparedness? | Reduce loss of life/property damage. Reduces vulnerability to future hazards. Saves money. Speeds up response and recovery. Demonstrates commitment to community health/safety |
| Are natural hazards the same as disasters? | No, a natural hazard can become a disaster |
| Give an example of a natural hazard | Winter storm |
| Are hazards occurring more frequently? | No |
| Are disasters a beneficial part of the balance of nature? | No, Natural hazards are. |
| What defines a disaster? | The damage to human life and property |
| Do disasters occur more often in unpopulated areas? | No, the occur more in populated areas because a disaster needs human lives or property to be damaged |
| When is the most valuable time to implement mitigation measures? | Immediately after a disaster. |
| What phase involves anticipating what might happen during different hazards? | Preparedness |
| Explain Earth’s Dynamic Equilibrium | Earth’s natural systems maintain a balanced state over long periods of time through a series of adjustments. A change in one part of the system will be balanced by change in another part |
| What are the 6 hurricane hazards? | Storm surge, storm tide, inland flooding, water force, wind velocity and coastal erosion. |
| Define Storm Surge | An abnormal rise of the sea along a shore; primarily due to the winds of a storm, especially a hurricane 9/10 Hurricane deaths are by this |
| Define Storm Tide | Storm surge that occurs during high tide |
| Define inland flooding | Flooding from oceans, rivers and streams |
| Define Water force | Wave action of water during a hurricane that makes flooding destructive |
| Define Wind velocity | The speed of wind related to hurricane-force that does significant damage |
| Define Coastal Erosion | Wearing away of shoreline along the ocean |
| What is a hurricane watch? | There could hurricane conditions within 24-48 hours |
| What is a hurricane warning? | Sustained winds of 74+ mph are expected within 24hrs |
| What is the hurricane cone? | The cone of uncertainty estimating the path of a hurricane |
| What is the Saffir-Simpson scale? | A scale that relates a hurricane's central pressure and winds to the possible damage is can inflict. Ranges from 1 to 5. 3+ being "major". |
| Explain a category 1 hurricane | 1. 74-95mph significant damage to mobile homes, flooding moderate damage to exterior. Yellow. |
| Explain a category 2 hurricane | 2. 96-110mph Large area of power outages. Green. |
| Explain a category 3 hurricane | 3. 111-130mph MAJOR hurricane. Damage to all buildings. White/Grey |
| Explain a category 4 hurricane | 4. 131-155mph CATASTROPHIC roof failure, building damage, Storm surge usually over 13ft.Blue. |
| Explain a category 5 hurricane | 5. 155+ CATASTROPHIC buildings removed from foundations. Nearly total roof failure. |
| Define Floodplain | low-lying areas that typically lie to either side of a river or stream |
| Define Flood Fringe | the outer areas on both sides of the flood-way this is usually the area of shallower depths and lesser velocities. |
| Define Floodway | central portion of the floodplain. Areas with greatest velocities and highest water depths |
| What are the two ways water travels? | Runoff and groudwater |
| Define runoff | Water traveling on the surface to a stream |
| Define groudwater | Water that seeps into the soil and travels underground below the surface |
| What are FIRMs | Flood Insurance Rate Maps. Shows special flood hazard areas and the risk premium for the community |
| What is the NFIP | National Flood Insurance Program |
| What is a 100 year floodplain? | An area that has an average of 1% to have a flood in a year. AKA Base flood or Zone A |
| What is base flood elevation? | elevation that indicates the water surface elevation resulting from a flood that has a 1% chance of equaling or exceeding that level in any given year. |
| What is a 500 year floodplain? | An area with .2% chance of a flood in a year. AKA Zone B. |
| What are the parts of the Risk Map in order (1-4) | Identify Risk, Assess Risk, Communicate Risk and Mitigate Risk. |
| Define Tornadoe | A violent rotation column of air extending from the base of a thunderstorm. |
| What is the Enhancement Fujita Scale? | A set of wind estimates based on damage relating to a tornado. Ranging from 0-5. |
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