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CHEM 113- Unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (effect of K when) you multiply constituents in an equation by 2 | square K |
| (effect of K when) opposite reaction | 1/K |
| Kp= | Kc(RT)^(delta)n (moles gaseous product-moles gaseous reactant) |
| check 5% | x/[A]initial |
| when you use simplifying assumption | small K, large initial concentrations |
| Le Chatlier's Principle | when a chemical system @ eq. is subjected to stress, it shifts away from the stress |
| changes in pressure | higher= side w/ fewer moles lower= side w/ more moles |
| effect (exothermic) when heat is added | K decreases |
| effect (endothermic) when heat is added | K increases |
| strong acids (6) | HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4 |
| nitric acid | HNO3 (strong) |
| sulfuric acid | H2SO4 (strong) |
| perchloric acid | HClO4 (strong) |
| strong bases- 1A hydroxides | Li-Cs (OH) |
| strong bases- heavy 2A hydroxides | Ca-Ba (OH)2 |
| carboxylic acid | -COOH |
| oxoacid | # O's> # ionizable protons |
| hydrohalic acid | H+halogen |
| ion-product constant | (Kw)=[H30+][OH-] (or [H20]^2) 1x10^-14 @ 25C |
| pH | -log[H30+] |
| pOH+pH | 14 (at 25C) |
| conjugate acid-base pairs | differ by a single H+ (acid had 1 more) |
| bronsted-lowry definition | acid= donates H+; base= accepts H+ |
| stronger acids have a | larger Ka (they dissociate more) |
| Arrhenius acid | ionizable H+ atoms |
| Arrhenius base | OH- ions |
| amphiprotic | can accept H+ and be a base, can donate H+ to act as an acid |