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Health Chapter 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Epidermis | The outer, thinner layer of skin |
| Melanin | Pigment that gives skin, hair, and he iris of the eyes their coloring |
| Sabaceous Glands | A small gland in the skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter (sebum) into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair. |
| Ringworm | Fungal infection that affects various parts of the body and forms ring shaped, scaly, reddened blisters |
| Boils | Inflammed pus-filled area of skin caused by the bacterium staphylococcus aureus |
| Psoriasis | Thickened patches of inflamed, red skin form, often covered by white, flaking scales |
| Impetigo | A strepococcal infection in which bacteria enter a small break in the skin |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Includes the 126 bones of the shoulders, arms, hands, hips, legs and feet |
| Axial Skeleton | Includes the 80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum or breastbone |
| Diaphyses | Shafts of long bones |
| Epiphyses | The ends of long bones |
| Ossification | The process by which bone is formed, renewed, and repaired |
| Cartilage | Strong flexible connective tissue |
| Ball and socket joint | Type of joint that allows widest range of movement, backward, forward, sieways and in a circle |
| Pivot joint | Allows rotation EX. first 2 vertebrae in the neck that allows the head to rotate |
| Ellipsodial Joint | oval shape fits into a curved space--allows all types of movement except pivotal |
| Hinge Joint | Allows bending and straightening as in the fingers |
| Ligaments | tough bones of fibrous, slightly elastic tissue that bind the bone ends at the joint |
| Tendons | Fibrous cords that join muscle to bone or to other muscles |
| Hairline Fracture | Incomplete fracture, the two parts of the bones do not seperate |
| Transverse Fracture | Fracture completely across the bone |
| Comminuted Fracture | The bone shatters into more than two pieces usually from severe force |
| Osteoporosis | A condition in which bone density decreases causing bones to become brittle and easily fractured |
| Scoliosis | Lateral or side-to-side curvature of the spine |
| Dislocation | Results when a bone slips from its normal position at a joint |
| Torn Cartilage | Serious joint injury; can result from a sharp blow or a severe twisting of a joint |
| Bunion | Painful swelling of the bursa in the first joint of the big toe |
| Bursitis | Painful condition that occurs when the bursa in a joint becomes inflammed |
| Arthritis | Inflammation of a joint- characterized by pain, swelling, and redness |
| Repetitive Motion Injury | Damage to tissue caused by prolonged, repeated movements |
| Smooth muscles | Type of muscle concerned with the movement of internal organs |
| Skeletal muscles | The stirped or striated muscles attached to bones that cause body movements |
| Flexors | Muscles that close a joint |
| Extensors | Muscles that open out a joint |
| Cardiac Muscle | A special type of striated tissue that forms the walls of the heart |
| Muscle Tone | The natural tension in the fibers of a muscle |
| Tendinitis | Inflammation of a tendon,usually caused by overuse |
| Hernia | A protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak area in the muscle |
| What are the functions of the skin? | Provide protective covering for the body Regulate Body temperature Provide sensations |
| 2 main structures of the skin | Epidermis-outermost layer of skin Dermis- 2nd layer of skin |
| When getting tatooed which layer is the ink applied to? | dermis |
| Which degree burn affects the epidermis? | 1st degree |
| Which degree burn is characterized by blisters? | 2nd degree |
| Which degree burn affects all three layers of skin? | 3rd degree |
| What is the deepest layer of skin? | Subcutaneous layer |
| What is a byproduct of muscle activity? | heat |
| What produces melanin? | melanicytes |
| What is the largest organ in the human body | skin! |
| How often does the epeidermis shed? | every 28 days |
| What does the integumentary system consist of? | skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands (oil) and sweat glands |
| Radiation (Wood stove, asphalt road) | Heat from the core of your body is lost by transferring the heat in your blood to the outside environment which is cooler -heat moving from area of greater temperature to lesser temperature |
| Conduction (transfer) | Heat from the core of your body is brought near the surface of the body by blood and heat is lost by toughcing something that is cool |
| Evaporation | AS you sweat the evaporation process cools the surface of the skin. blood vessels near the surface of the skin dilate increasing blood. As skin surface cools heat in the blood vessels is lost----why we roll windows down in car |
| Shunting of blood (diverting) | Occurs when the vessels near the surface of the skin constrict and divert the blood |
| Vaso | vessel |
| How many bones make up the skeleton? | 206 |
| Name the two divisions of the skeletal system and how many bones they contain | Axial(80) Appendicular(126) |
| What makes up the appendicular skeleton? | Arms, legs, hands, feet, shoulder, and hip girdle |
| What makes up the axial skeleton? | Skull,spinal column, saccrum, coccyx, rids, sternum |
| Tendons do what? | muscle to bone |
| Ligaments do what? | Bone to bone |
| What causes movement to occur? | muscles |
| 3 functions of the skeleton | -Protection (protect vital organs) -Support (framework that holds human body weight) -Movement (provides muscles a place to attach) -Hematapoesis (red bone marrow produces red blood cells) |
| How often does the body replace red blood cells? | every 3 to 4 months |
| List the four types of bones | Long bones, Short bones, Flat bones, and Irregular bones |
| Where is red bone marrow located? | Medulary cavity or marrow cavity |
| Place where two bones meet | joint |
| Joint that allows movement in all directions | ball and socket |
| Joint that allows rotation around axis | Pivot |
| Allows side to side movement flexing/extending | Ellipsoidal (no rotation) |
| Flexion and extension/opening-closing | Hinge (no rotation) |
| Immovable | Fixed |
| Joints are held together by what? | ligaments (reduce friction, absorb shock) |
| What keeps joints from wearing away? | cartilage |
| What needs to happen if a joint comes out of socket? | joint needs to be reduced |
| Example of ball and socket joint | Shoulder and hips |
| Example of pivot joint | Vertebrae and radius |
| Example of Ellipsoidal joint | Joint between carpals/metacarpals or carpals and philanges |
| Example of hinge joint | Knee, elbow |
| Example of fixed joint | Sacrum, coccyx |
| Reduction | Putting a joint back in place |
| Subluxation | A partial dislocation where the joint does not seperate |
| Flexion | When a joint angle closes or decreases(90) |
| Extension | When a joint angle opens or increases (180) |
| Periostium | Tissue that surrounds bone (connected to nerves, when fractured it causes pain) |
| Compact Bone | Bone cells are very densly packed Compact bone provides strength |
| Spongy Bone | Less dense than compact Lots of space between bone cells Most is surrounded by layer of compact |
| Epiphyseal line/plate | In the epiphysis of long bones, in adolescents this line is made of cartilage |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament (prevents tibia from going forward) |
| PCL | posterior cruciate ligament (prevents tibia from going backward |
| Cartilage absorbs and reduces what? | absorbs shock, reduces friction |
| At what times in life does ossification occur? | Breaks in bones and fractures and puberty |
| What is a fracture? | A break in the bone |
| What are the two main categories of fractures? | Compound and simple |
| Simple fracture is open or closed? | closed (bone does not stick through skin) |
| Compound fracture is open or closed? | open (1 or both ends stick through skin) |
| Hairline Fracture | 2 parts do not seperate |
| Transverse Fracture | Fractures completely across in any direction (requires reduction) *some may heal without it |
| Comminuted | Shatters in multiple pieces |
| Results when bone slips from its normal position at joint | Dislocation |
| Serious injury resulting from a sharp blow or severe twisting of joint | Torn Cartilage |
| Painful swelling of the bursa in the first joint of the big toe | Bunion |
| Bursa in joint becomes inflammed | Bursitis |
| Contraction (shortening) | Pulls the muscle attachments closer to one another ---contraction causes movement |
| Relaxation (lengthening) | The lengthening allows extension of joints, relaxation allows movement |
| Muscle | Large "group" of muscle fibers connected to bone |
| Musle fibers | Groups of myofibrils |
| Myofybrils | Group of filaments |
| Myofilaments | Smallest functioning units of muscle fibers |
| Biceps, triceps, quads, hamstrings are all examples of what type of muscle? | voluntary |
| Heart, muscles that control pupils, muscles surrounding stomach are all examples of what type of muscle? | involuntary |
| Muscles always pull and never... | push |
| What is the smallest functioning unit of a muscle? | myofilament |
| the more fibers the more what? | strength |
| What do muscles do for us? | Movement, heat, stability, pump blood, protection |
| Flexors | Muscles that close a joint (decrease joint angle) |
| Extensors | Muslces that open a joint (Increase joint angle) |
| Smooth muscles and the cardiac muscle are both what? | involuntary |
| What causes lactic acid? | Not enough oxygen ( If you work your muscles past their ability to supply the muscles with the oxygen needed for contraction) |
| A strain is concerned with which system? | muscular |
| A sprain is concerned with which system? | Skeletal |
| Pulled muscle, caused by sudden movements that cause a "overstretching" or slight tearing of muscle | Muscle strain(RICE) |
| Pooling of blood in an injured area, the cause is ruptured vessels | bruise(RICE) |
| Inflammation of tendons, usual cause is overuse | Tendinitis (RICE, anit-inflammatory meds) |
| Protrusion of an organ through a weakend area of muscle | hernia (surgery) |
| Grave muscle weakness | Myasthenia Gravis (medically/surgically) |
| Progressive "wasting away" of skeletal muscle | Muscular Dystrophy (no cure, can be stalled with exercise) |
Created by:
finky5