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chapter 19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A water-soluble vitamin for teeth,bones,cartilage,connective tissue, and skin | Ascorbic Acid (VITAMIN C) |
| loss of the ablility to coordinatte muscular movement | Ataxia |
| A deficiency caused by deficiency of thiamine | Beriberi |
| A water-soluble B complex vitamin aids in oxidation of fatty acids | Biotin(VITAMIN B7) |
| Weight loss, wasting of muscle, loss of appetite, and general debility that can occur during chronic disease | Cachexia |
| A fat-soluble vitamin chemically related to steroids;normal formation of bones and teeth | Calciferol (VITAMIN D) |
| Present mainly in the bones | Calcium (Ca) |
| Any of a class of yellow to red pigments | Carotenoids |
| Fissures on the lips caused by deficiency of riboflavin | Cheilosis |
| Involved in the maintenance of fluid and the body's acid-base balance | Chloride (Cl) |
| Important for the synthesis of hemoglobin. Essential to good health | Copper (Cu) |
| Arrested physical and mental development due to congenital lack of thyroid secretion | Cretinism |
| A water-soluble; Normal blood formation and neural function | Cyanocobalamin (VITAMIN B12) |
| Compounds, particularly salts, dissociate into the ions and are able to conduct an electric current | Electrolytes |
| Feeding by tube directly into the patient's digestive tract | Enteral nutrition (EN) |
| Diagnostic aid in various tissue scans | Fluorine |
| Essential for cell growth and the reproduction of red blood cell | Folic acid (VITAMIN B9) |
| The destruction or dissolution of red blood cells, with release of hemoglobin | Hemolysis |
| Excessive intake of toxic amounts of one or more vitamins | Hypervitaminosis |
| Is essential for normal functioning of all cells, and is important in energy metabolism | Hydroxocobalamin(VITAMIN B12) |
| Supply complete nutrition to patients GIVEN IV | Hyperalimentation(TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION)TPN |
| An abnormally low level of magnesium in the blood | Hypomagnesemia |
| A condition related to the deficiency of one or more vitamins | Hypovitaminosis |
| Essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestines | Intrinsic factor |
| An essential micronutrient of the thyroid hormone (thyroxine) | Iodine |
| Essential for the formation of hemoglobin, as well as the transfer of oxygen to the body tissues | Iron (Fe) |
| Vitamin A deficiency, characterized by softening, ulceration, and perforation of the cornea | Keratomalacia |
| An important ion for the function of many enzyme systems | Magnesium |
| A water-soluble injectable | Menadione(VITAMIN K3) |
| Inorganic substances occurring naturally in the earth's crust | Minerals |
| Regulate energy metabolism; essential for healthy skin,tongue,and digestive system | Niacin(VITAMIN B3) OR NICOTINIC ACID |
| Nicotinic acid | Niacin (VITAMIN B3) |
| A disease in which the bone softens and becomes brittle | Osteomalacia |
| An important element in human nutrition | Pantothenic acid(VITAMIN B5) |
| Deficiency of niacin, characterized by skin eruptions, eventual mental deterioration | Pellagra |
| A system of receiving nourishment by breathing in nutritional microparticles | Pharma food |
| Aids in building strong bones and teeth, and helps in the regulation of the body's acid-base balance | Phosphorus |
| Helping to regulate neuromuscular excitability and muscle contraction | Potassium |
| Water-soluble vitamin, for the synthesis and breakdown of amino acids | Pyridoxine(VITAMIN B6) |
| A fat-soluble vitamin; visual acuity | Retinol |
| Co-enzyme in the oxidative processes of carbohydrates,fats,and proteins | Riboflavin(VITAMIN B2) |
| A deficiency disease resulting from a lack of vitamin D or calcium and from insufficient exposure to sunlight, characterized by defective bone growth and occurring mostly in children | Rickets |
| Transmission of nerve impulses, and contraction of muscles | Sodium |
| Is found in all body cells | Sulfur |
| Water-soluble, health of the cardiovascular and nervous systems | Thiamine (VITAMIN B1) |
| Fat-soluble vitamin essential for normal reproduction, muscle development | Tocopherol (VITAMIN E) |
| Extreme dryness of the conjunctiva resulting from an eye disease or from a systemic deficiency of vitamin A | Xeropthalmia |
| Organic compounds essential in small quantities for physiologic and metabolic functioning of the body | Vitamins |
| A fat-soluble vitamin; visual acuity | Vitamin A (RETINOL) |
| Water-soluble, cardiovascular and nervous systems | Vitamin B1(THIAMINE) |
| Riboflavin | Vitamin B2 |
| Regulate energy metabolism (NIACIN OR NICOTINIC ACID) | Vitamin B3 |
| Important element in human nutrition | Vitamin B5(PANTOTHENIC ACID) |
| A water-soluble vitamin, breakdown of amino acids | Vitamin B6(PYRIDOXINE) |
| A water-soluble B complex vitamin, oxidation of fatty acids | Vitamin B7 (BIOTIN) |
| Reproduction of red blood cells | Vitamin B8 (FOLIC ACID) |
| Is essential for normal functioning of all cells | Vitamin B12 (CYANOCOBALAMIN) |
| Mixture of the B vitamins | Vitamin B complex |
| Water-soluble vitamin, fibroid tissue for teeth, bones,cartilage,connective tissue, and skin | Vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) |
| A fat-soluble vitamin chemically related to steroids | Vitamin D (CALCIFEROL) |
| A fat-soluble vitamin essential for normal reproduction | Vitamin E (TOCOPHEROL) |
| Essential for the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver; clots your blood | Vitamin K |
| A trace element, wound healing | Zinc (Zn) |
| Fat soluble vitamins!! | A,D,E,K |
| Trace minerals(Zoo Closes In Seconds For Party) | Zinc,Copper,Iodine,Selenium,Fluorine,Phosphorus |
| Vitamins and minerals are required for maintaining normal function and more important,they are essential for _____? | Life |
| The ___ cannot synthesize vitamins and minerals, and relies on outside sources to provide daily requirments. | body |
| Vitamins are considered "_____" and food additives rather than drugs. | natural substances |
| _______ and _____ are indicated as drugs to affect cholesterol reduction and blood clotting | niacin and vitamin K |
| ______ are organic compounds essential in small quantities for physiologic and metabolic functioning of the body | Vitamins |
| must be obtained from the ____ or dietary supplements | diet |
| Vitamins are classified according to their fat or water solubility, their physiological effects, or their ________ | chemical structures |
| The ________ are A,D,E, and K; the B complex and C vitamins are water-soluble | fat-soluble |
| In horses; eyes turn greyish | moon blindness |
| severe vitamin C deficiency(think pirates) | scurvy |
| Fat soluble vitamins: | A,D,E,AND K |
| They are _____ w other lipids and efficient absorption requires the presence of bile and pancreatic juice | absorbed |
| They are transported to the _____, and stored in various body tissues | liver |
| They are not normally excreted in the ______ | urine |
| Vitamin A | Retinol |
| Retinol is not found in plant products but fortunately most plants contain a substance called _______ | carotenoids |
| The principal carotenoid in plants is beta-carotene, which gets its name from _______ | carrots |
| Deficiency leads to | xerophthalmia, night blindness,growth retardation(in children) |
| _________ concentrations are reduced in patients w cystic fibrosis, alcohol-related cirrhosis, hepatic disease, and proteinuria(not supposed to have protein in urine) | Plasma vitamin A |
| _____ can result from taking only ___ times the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for several months | Toxicity 10 |
| Symptoms of toxicity include: excessive peeling of the skin, hyperlipidemia, hypercalcemia, and | hepatotoxicity |
| Ultimately ____ can result | death |
| An acute dose of about_____ can cause immediate toxicity, resulting in increased cerebrospinal pressure | 200 mg |
| This can cause fontanelles in infants which is | soft spots on baby's heads |
| Vit A is for: | eyes, helps the body resist infection,skeletal growth |
| Normal stores can last up to ____ but are rapidly depleted by stress | one year |
| Vitamin D | Calciferol |
| That is chemically related to ______ | steroids |
| Vit D is considered a hormone used for the prophylaxis and treatment of _______ | rickets |
| It is formed in skin exposed to ______ | sunlight |
| Also used for ______ | osteroprosis |
| Vitamin E | Tocopherol |
| essential for normal reproduction,muscle development, and resistance or erythrocytes to _______ | hemolysis |
| Hemolysis | destruction of red blood cells |
| Vit E is relatively non-____ | toxic |
| may cause problems only in the large-dosage range of about _____ per day(RDA is only 10 mg per day) | 300 mg |
| At this range, interference with thyroid function and prolonging of ____ time may occur | blood clotting |
| Vit E prevents | scarring |
| Vitamin | K |
| is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin of the _____ | liver |
| Also called ______ | quinones |
| Vitamin K1 | Phylloquinone |
| Vitamin K2 | Menaquinone |
| which is formed as the result of bacterial action in the _________ | intestinal tract |
| Vitamin K3 | Menadione |
| Adults are protected from a lack of vit K bc it is widely distributed in _____ and ____ tissues | plant and animal |
| The _____ flora of the normal gut forms menaquinone | microbiologic |
| Vit K is used for _____ disorder and vit K deficiency | coagulation |
| Vit K is ______ | not toxic |
| promotes ___ to stop bleeding | blood clotting |
| potentially fatal _______ arthemia | heart |
| Water soluble vitamins | many are involved in the reactions supporting energy metabolism. |
| excreted in small quantities in the ______ | urine |
| Vitamin B | Complex |
| differ from each other structurally and in their ____ effects | biologic |
| Vitamin B1 | Thiamine |
| Thiamine plays a key role _______ of carbohydrates | metabolic breakdown |
| It is not stored in the ____ and must be supplied daily | body |
| Deficiency of thiamine leads to the disease called ____ which has neurologic, cardiovascular, and GI symptoms | Beriberi |
| Thiamine ___ can occur if very large doses are taken for long periods, and this can result in hepatotoxicity | toxicity |
| Vitamin B2 | riboflavin |
| is one of the heart-stable components of the ___ vitamin complex | B |
| It is ______ to light | sensitive |
| It plays an important role in ___ some visual disorders, espically cataracts | preventing |
| Deficiency of riboflavin produces ______ (fissures on the lips);glossitis (inflammation of the tongue);and seborrheic dermatitis (mainly in the face) | cheilosis |
| Vitamin B3 | Niacin or nicotinic acid |
| contains parts of 2 enzymes that regulate energy ________ | metabolism |
| It is essential for a _______, tongue, and digestive system | healthy skin |
| Severe deficiency results in _________ | Pellagra |
| In large doses, _______ can lead to peptic ulcers,diabetes mellitus | nicotinic acid |
| Potential adverse effects at doses of ______ and above | 100 mg |
| Available only as ________ | prescription |
| Vitamin B5 | pantothenic acid |
| A constituent of co-enzyme A and such it is essential in many areas of cellular metabolism, synthesis of ____________ | sex hormones |
| Vitamin B6 | Pyridoxine |
| The synthesis and breakdown of amino acids, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin, the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, and the production of _________ | antibodies |
| Important in the metabolism of blood, ____, and skin | CNS |
| Patients on ________ therapy to prevent the development of neuritis | isoniazid |
| Treats nausea of ______ | pregnancy |
| The ingestion of megadoses (2 to 6g/day for 2 to 40 months)of pyridoxine may cause progressive sensory _____ | ataxia |
Created by:
Stilleymegan