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Chemistry 050
Chemistry 050 Ch. 5 & 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Becquerel | discovered radioactivity |
| Rutherford | alpha particle experiment results in proposal of a heavy, dense atomic nucleus |
| Chadwick | discovered the neutron, a particle w/ mass but no charge |
| Thomson | experimentally showed the existance of the atom; also discovered proton are particles |
| sub-atomic particles | neutron, proton, electron |
| mass number | sum of protons & neutrons in the nucleus |
| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus |
| isotopes | atoms of an element, having the same atomic number but different atomic masses |
| nucleus | the central part of an atom that contains all its protons & neutrons. The nucleus is very dense & has a positive electrical charge |
| electron | a particle w/ a negative electrical charge & a mass of 9.110x10(-28)g |
| proton | a particle w/ actual mass of 1.673x10(-24). It's relative charge (+1) is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, to the charge of the electron |
| subatomic particles | particles found within the atom, mainly protons, neutrons, & electrons |
| Michael Faraday | discovered the ions |
| # of neutrons | mass number - atomic number |
| AMU | atomic mass unit |
| AMU | a unit of mass equal to one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom |
| atomic mass | the average relative mass of the isotopes of that element compared to the atomic mass of carbon-12 (exactly 12.0000...amu) |
| Greek model of matter | 4 elements-earth, air, water, fire |
| neutral atom | contains the same number of protons & electrons |
| law of definite composition | states that a compound always contains 2 or more elements chemically combined in a definite proportion by mass |
| law of multiple proportions | states that atoms of 2 or more elements may combine in different ratios to produce more than one compound |
| law (theory) | a summary of observed behavior |
| model (theory) | an attempt to explain the observed behavior |
| law | remains constant (don't undergo modifications) |
| theories | (models) sometimes fail & are modified or discarded over time |
| atom vs ion | atoms are the smallest particle of an element; ions are a positively or negatively charged atoms or group of atoms |
| laughing gas | N2O |
| Stock (nomenclature) System | a system that uses Roman numerals to name elements that form more than one type of cation. (For example Fe2+, iron(II); Fe3+, iron (III) |
| cation | a postively charged ion |
| anion | a negatively charge ion |
| atomic number | determines the identity of an atom |
| isotopes | an atom of an element that has the same atomic number but a different atomic mass. Since their atomic numbers are identical, isotopes vary only in the number of neutrons in the nucleus |
| ion | a positively or negatively charged atom or group of atoms |
| binary compound | a compound composed of 2 different elements |
| binary ionic compound | formed when a metal combines with a nonmetal |
| binary ionic compound | metal loses one or more electrons to become a cation while the nonmetal gains one or more electrons to become an anion |
| binary ionic compound | the cation is written first followed by the anion |
| naming cations | the lower charge cation has the -ous ending |
| naming cations | the higher charged cation has the -ic ending |
| polyatomic ions | an ion that contains 2 or more elements (ex.hydroxide OH-) |
| naming acids | 1st look at the polyatomic ion following the hydrogen; 2nd the polyatomic ion is modified by (1) -ate changes to an -ic ending; (2) -ite changes to an -ous ending |
| naming acids | the compound with the -ic ending contains more oxygen than the one with the -ous ending |
| diatomic molecules | two atoms bonded together to form a molecule |
| diatomic elements | H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, & I2 |
| commonly polyatomic | S8 (sulfur) & P4 (phosporus) |
| cations | named the same as their parent atoms (ex. atom-potassium K, Ion-potassium ion K+) |
| cation | chemical equation ex. Mg--> Mg2+ + 2e- |
| cation | any neutral atom that loses an electron |
| anion | any neutral atom that gains an electron |
| anion | O+2e- --> O2- |
| to name an anion | consisting of only one element, use the stem of the parent element name & change the ending to -ide (ex. flourine to flouride ion) |
| ions | most often formed when a metal combines w/ nonmetals |
| binary compounds | contain only 2 different elements |
| binary compounds | many are formed when metal combines w/ nonmetal to form binary ionic compoun |
| binary compounds | the metal loses one or more electrons to become an cation while the nonmetal gains one or more electrons to become an anion |
| binary compounds | the cation is written first in the formula, followed by the anion |
| metal ions | when it only has 2 cation types, the name of the metal is modified w/ the suffixes -ous & -ic |
| metal ions | the lower charge cation is given the -ous ending, & the higher one, the -ic ending |
| metal ions | naming ex. FeCl2- ferrous chloride (fe2+ lower charge cation) |
| metal ions | naming ex. FeCl3-ferric chloride(Fe3+ higher charge cation) |
| binary compounds containing 2 nonmetals | compounds between nonmetals are molecular, not ionic |
| NO-/3 | Nitrate |
| NO-/2 | Nitrite |
| PO3-/4 | Phospate |
| SO2-/4 | Sulfate |
| SO2-/3 | Sulfite |
| OH- | Hydroxide |
| CN- | Cyanide |
| NH+/4 | Ammonium (cation) |
| HCO-/3 | Hydrogen Carbonate |
| HSO-/4 | Hydrogen Sulfate |
| BrO-/3 | Bromate |
| CO2-/3 | Carbonate |
| ClO-/3 | Chlorate |
| CrO2-/4 | Chromate |
| MnO-/4 | Permanganate |
| ClO- | hypochlorite |
| ClO-/2 | chlorite |
| ClO-/3 | chlorate |
| ClO-/4 | perchlorate |
| HClO | hypochlorous acid |
| HClO2 | chlorous acid |
| HClO3 | chloric acid |
| HClO4 | perchloric acid |
| KHSO4 | potassium hydrogen sulfate |
| Ca(HSO3)2 | calcium hydrogen sulfite |
| HH4HS | ammonium hydrogen sulfide |
| MgNH4PO4 | Magnesium ammonium phosphate |
| NaH2PO4 | sodium dihydrogen phosphate |
| Na2HPO4 | sodium hydrogen phosphate |
| KHC2O4 | potassium hydrogen oxalate |
| KAl(SO4)2 | potassium aluminum sulfate |
| Al(HCO3)3 | aluminum hydrogen carbonate |
| H2SO4 | sulfuric acidH2SO3 |
| H2SO3 | sulfurous acid |
| HNO3 | Nitric acid |
| HNO2 | nitrous acid |
| H2CO3 | carbonic acid |
| H3BO3 | boric acid |
| H3PO4 | phosphoric acid |
| H3PO3 | phosphorous acid |
| HIO3 | iodic acid |
| HC2H3O2 | acetic acid |
| H2C2O4 | oxalic acid |
| HBrO3 | bromic acid |
| BO3-/3 | borate ion |
| PO3-/3 | phospite ion |
| IO-/3 | iodate ion |
| C2H3O-/2 | acetate ion |
| C2O2-/4 | oxalate ion |
| BrO-/3 | bromate ion |
Created by:
smkit03
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