An international terrorist group that was led by Osama Bin Laden

The Saudi Arabian leader of Al-Qaida. His terrorist organization claimed responsibility for the September 11th attacks.

Deliberate use of random violence, especially against civilians, to achieve political goals.

A radical Islamic group active in Palestine.

Islamic Fundamentalists

Muslims who strictly follow the teachings of the Koran and reject western ideas.

The ethnic minority in Turkey and Iraq whose efforts to win freedom have led to repression.

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

A group formed in 1964 that represents Palestinian nationalists and was dedicated to the destruction of Israel.

The former dictator of Iraq, found guilty of human rights violations. He was removed from power by U.S. led forces in 2003.

Leader of the Palestinian Liberation Organization and his goal was the destruction of Israel.

The largest branch of Islam. They believe that all of the first four caliphs, or Islamic leaders, were rightfully selected by the Muslim community following the death of Mohammed.

The majority of people in Iran and Iraq. They believe that only the heirs to the fourth caliph, Mohammed’s son-in-law Ali, are Mohammed’s legitimate leaders of Islam.

A group of military officers ruling a country after seizing power.

A government ruled by religious leaders.

Was the revolutionary Islamic fundamentalist leader of Iran who came to power in 1979.

Modernized Iran and was supported by the west. Ayatollah Khomeini and his followers overthrew him and set up a theocracy.

Former Egyptian president who attempted to modernize his country. Known for nationalizing the Suez Canal and waging war against Israel.

Former Egyptian president who attempted to westernize Egypt by opening the country up to foreign investment. He was the first Arab leader to recognize the state of Israel.

Strategic waterway linking the Mediterranean and Red seas. It was controlled by the French and British until it was nationalized in 1956.

Movement emphasizing the unity of all people sharing a common Arab cultural heritage.

A series of uprisings in Arab countries, beginning in Tunisia in December 2010, in which protesters challenged the existing authoritarian regimes.

Westernized and modernized Turkey in the early 1900’s.

Having to do with worldly, rather than religious, matters. Non-religious.

A peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; strategically important for its oil resources.

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Middle East

The Middle East

Term	Definition
Al-Qaida	An international terrorist group that was led by Osama Bin Laden
Osama Bin Laden	The Saudi Arabian leader of Al-Qaida. His terrorist organization claimed responsibility for the September 11th attacks.
Terrorism	Deliberate use of random violence, especially against civilians, to achieve political goals.
Hamas	A radical Islamic group active in Palestine.
Islamic Fundamentalists	Muslims who strictly follow the teachings of the Koran and reject western ideas.
Kurds	The ethnic minority in Turkey and Iraq whose efforts to win freedom have led to repression.
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)	A group formed in 1964 that represents Palestinian nationalists and was dedicated to the destruction of Israel.
Saddam Hussein	The former dictator of Iraq, found guilty of human rights violations. He was removed from power by U.S. led forces in 2003.
Yasir Arafat	Leader of the Palestinian Liberation Organization and his goal was the destruction of Israel.
Sunni Muslims	The largest branch of Islam. They believe that all of the first four caliphs, or Islamic leaders, were rightfully selected by the Muslim community following the death of Mohammed.
Shiite Muslims	The majority of people in Iran and Iraq. They believe that only the heirs to the fourth caliph, Mohammed’s son-in-law Ali, are Mohammed’s legitimate leaders of Islam.
Junta	A group of military officers ruling a country after seizing power.
Theocracy	A government ruled by religious leaders.
Ayatollah Khomeini	Was the revolutionary Islamic fundamentalist leader of Iran who came to power in 1979.
Sanction	A penalty.
Shah Reza Pahlavi	Modernized Iran and was supported by the west. Ayatollah Khomeini and his followers overthrew him and set up a theocracy.
Gamal Abdel Nassar	Former Egyptian president who attempted to modernize his country. Known for nationalizing the Suez Canal and waging war against Israel.
Anwar Sadat	Former Egyptian president who attempted to westernize Egypt by opening the country up to foreign investment. He was the first Arab leader to recognize the state of Israel.
Suez Canal	Strategic waterway linking the Mediterranean and Red seas. It was controlled by the French and British until it was nationalized in 1956.
Pan-Arabism	Movement emphasizing the unity of all people sharing a common Arab cultural heritage.
Sharia	The system of Islamic law.
Arab Spring	A series of uprisings in Arab countries, beginning in Tunisia in December 2010, in which protesters challenged the existing authoritarian regimes.
Kemal Ataturk	Westernized and modernized Turkey in the early 1900’s.
Secular	Having to do with worldly, rather than religious, matters. Non-religious.
Arabian Peninsula	A peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; strategically important for its oil resources.

Created by: LHSGLOBAL2

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