an intense reaction to an event that involves interpreting event meaning, becoming physiologically aroused, labeling the experience as emotional, managing reactions and communicating through emotional displays and disclosures.

disclosing your emotions to others.

people share between __-__% of their emotional experiences.

the rapid spreading of emotion from person to person, such as anger running through a mob.

_______ ______ can lead to emotion contagion.

short-term emotional reactions to events that generate only limited arousal; they typically don’t trigger attempts to manage their experience or expression.

They’re like “small emotions” and commonly include: gratitude, concern, pleasure, relief, resentment.

low-intensity states – boredom, contentment, grouchy, serenity – that aren’t caused by particular events and typically last longer than feelings or emotions.

______ powerfully influence our perception and IPC.

emotions that involve unique and consistent behavioral displays across cultures >> joy, disgust, anger, fear, & sadness.

Results when in some situations an event can trigger 2+ primary emotions simultaneously.

In Chinese culture ______ and ____ _____ are considered primary emotions.

Hindu has ___ primary emotions.

9 Hindu primary emotions

sexual passion, amusement, sorrow, anger, fear, perseverance, disgust, wonder and serenity are

_____ is the most common cultural fence believed to divide the happy from the unhappy.

Difference in gender accounts for __% in reported life happiness.

Population density is/is not a predictor of happiness.

People who are/aren't religious are more likely to report being happy/satisfied w/ life than those who are/aren't religious.

cultural norms ab which forms of emotion management and comm are socially desirable and appropriate.

_____ _____ powerfully shape how we ea/ comm our emotional experience to others.

Across cultures, m/w report experiencing more sadness, fear, shame and guild than men, while m/w report feeling more anger and other hostile emotions.

In Western cultures, gender differences in emotion derive in part from difference in how men/women orient to _______ ________.

M/w are more likely than m/w to express emotions that support relationships and suppress emotions that assert their own interests over another’s

High/low extraversion ppl focus more on positive events than negative, rate themselves as better able to manage stress, & are more skilled at managing emotional comm.

Ppl high/low in agreeableness report being happier in general, better able to manage stress, & are rate by their peers as having superior emotion mgmt skills.

High-neurotic ppl focus their attention primarily on _______ events.

High/Low-neurotic ppl describe themselves as less skilled at emotional comm, report more frequent negative emotions.

1. I must be outstandingly competent or I am worthless.” 2. “Others must treat me considerately or they are absolutely rotten.” 3. “The world should always give me happiness or I will die.”

The 3 emotional states (sadness, anger, anxiety) are tied to 3 extreme irrational beliefs:

Rational Emotional Behavior Therapy (REBT)

this was developed as a way for therapists to help neurotic patients systematically purge themselves of such beliefs.

1. Cal to mind common situations leading you to be upset. 2. Identify irrational beliefs 3. Consider the consequences that you suffer. 4. Critically challenge these beliefs. 5. Identify more accurate/realistic beliefs ab yourself.

the ability to manage one’s emotional arousal, excitement and desire.

Most kids ate the treat in less than how many minutes?

T/F Children who waited to eat the treat were more able to cope w/ stress, less likely to have emotional outbursts when frustrated, better able to deal w/ temptations, and had closer, more stable friendships than those who hadn’t waited.

Kids who waited to eat the treat had higher/lower SAT scores.

Was a powerful predictor of long-term personal & IPC outcomes b/c it taps ______ ______: the ability to constructively manage emotions.

the ability to constructively manage emotions.

Emotional Intelligence

the ability to interpret emotions accurately and use this info to manage emotions, comm them competently, and solve relationship problems.

4 Skills Possessed by Ppl w/ High Emotional Intelligence

1.Acute understanding of their own emotions 2.Ability to see things from other’s perspective 3.Aptitude for constructively managing their own emotions 4.Capacity for harnessing their emotional states in ways that create competent decision making.

Emotional Intelligence

ppl with high _______ _____ are more likely to inspire followers, be perceived as having integrity. They’re less likely to bully ppl or use violence to get what they want, and find it easier to forgive relational partners who have wronged them.

____ ____ is the most important skill of those comprising emotional intelligence.

involves attempts to influence which emotions you have, when you have them, and how you experience and express them.

Do emotions naturally trigger attempts to manage them?

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COM 225 Exam 2

Kelly & Steve Chapters 4&8

Question	Answer
Emotion	an intense reaction to an event that involves interpreting event meaning, becoming physiologically aroused, labeling the experience as emotional, managing reactions and communicating through emotional displays and disclosures.
5 Features of Emotion	1. It's reactive, triggered by our perception of outside events. 2. Involves physiological arousal. 3. Must be aware of it 4. How we experience/express emotions is constrained by norms. 5. The choices you make regarding emotion mgmt are reflected outw
Emotion-sharing:	disclosing your emotions to others.
75&95	people share between __-__% of their emotional experiences.
Emotional Contagion	the rapid spreading of emotion from person to person, such as anger running through a mob.
Emotion Sharing	_______ ______ can lead to emotion contagion.
Feelings	short-term emotional reactions to events that generate only limited arousal; they typically don’t trigger attempts to manage their experience or expression.
Feelings	They’re like “small emotions” and commonly include: gratitude, concern, pleasure, relief, resentment.
Moods	low-intensity states – boredom, contentment, grouchy, serenity – that aren’t caused by particular events and typically last longer than feelings or emotions.
Moods	______ powerfully influence our perception and IPC.
Primary Emotions	emotions that involve unique and consistent behavioral displays across cultures >> joy, disgust, anger, fear, & sadness.
Surprise, joy, disgust, anger, fear, sadness	6 primary emotions
The high-intensity counterpart of surprise is	Amazement
The high-intensity counterpart of joy is	Ecstasy
The high-intensity counterpart of disgust is	Loathing
The high-intensity counterpart of anger is	Rage
The high-intensity counterpart of fear is	Terror
The high-intensity counterpart of sadness is	Grief
Blended Emotions	Results when in some situations an event can trigger 2+ primary emotions simultaneously.
Shame, Sad love	In Chinese culture ______ and ____ _____ are considered primary emotions.
9	Hindu has ___ primary emotions.
9 Hindu primary emotions	sexual passion, amusement, sorrow, anger, fear, perseverance, disgust, wonder and serenity are
Class	_____ is the most common cultural fence believed to divide the happy from the unhappy.
<1	Difference in gender accounts for __% in reported life happiness.
Is not	Population density is/is not a predictor of happiness.
Are, aren't	People who are/aren't religious are more likely to report being happy/satisfied w/ life than those who are/aren't religious.
Display Rule	cultural norms ab which forms of emotion management and comm are socially desirable and appropriate.
Display Rules	_____ _____ powerfully shape how we ea/ comm our emotional experience to others.
Women, men	Across cultures, m/w report experiencing more sadness, fear, shame and guild than men, while m/w report feeling more anger and other hostile emotions.
IP relationships	In Western cultures, gender differences in emotion derive in part from difference in how men/women orient to _______ ________.
Women, men	M/w are more likely than m/w to express emotions that support relationships and suppress emotions that assert their own interests over another’s
High	High/low extraversion ppl focus more on positive events than negative, rate themselves as better able to manage stress, & are more skilled at managing emotional comm.
High	Ppl high/low in agreeableness report being happier in general, better able to manage stress, & are rate by their peers as having superior emotion mgmt skills.
Negative	High-neurotic ppl focus their attention primarily on _______ events.
High	High/Low-neurotic ppl describe themselves as less skilled at emotional comm, report more frequent negative emotions.
1. I must be outstandingly competent or I am worthless.” 2. “Others must treat me considerately or they are absolutely rotten.” 3. “The world should always give me happiness or I will die.”	The 3 emotional states (sadness, anger, anxiety) are tied to 3 extreme irrational beliefs:
Rational Emotional Behavior Therapy (REBT)	this was developed as a way for therapists to help neurotic patients systematically purge themselves of such beliefs.
Ellis's 5 Steps	1. Cal to mind common situations leading you to be upset. 2. Identify irrational beliefs 3. Consider the consequences that you suffer. 4. Critically challenge these beliefs. 5. Identify more accurate/realistic beliefs ab yourself.
Impulse Control	the ability to manage one’s emotional arousal, excitement and desire.
3	Most kids ate the treat in less than how many minutes?
30	__% of kids resisted.
True	T/F Children who waited to eat the treat were more able to cope w/ stress, less likely to have emotional outbursts when frustrated, better able to deal w/ temptations, and had closer, more stable friendships than those who hadn’t waited.
Higher	Kids who waited to eat the treat had higher/lower SAT scores.
Critical Skill	Was a powerful predictor of long-term personal & IPC outcomes b/c it taps ______ ______: the ability to constructively manage emotions.
Critical Skill	the ability to constructively manage emotions.
Emotional Intelligence	the ability to interpret emotions accurately and use this info to manage emotions, comm them competently, and solve relationship problems.
4 Skills Possessed by Ppl w/ High Emotional Intelligence	1.Acute understanding of their own emotions 2.Ability to see things from other’s perspective 3.Aptitude for constructively managing their own emotions 4.Capacity for harnessing their emotional states in ways that create competent decision making.
Emotional Intelligence	ppl with high _______ _____ are more likely to inspire followers, be perceived as having integrity. They’re less likely to bully ppl or use violence to get what they want, and find it easier to forgive relational partners who have wronged them.
Emotion Management	____ ____ is the most important skill of those comprising emotional intelligence.
Emotion Management	involves attempts to influence which emotions you have, when you have them, and how you experience and express them.
Yes	Do emotions naturally trigger attempts to manage them?
Suppression, Venting	The 2 most common ways ppl manage emotions after they've occurred are:
Suppress	The desire to _______ stems from recognition that feeling, thinking and openly communicating certain emotions would be relationally, socially or culturally inappropriate.
Suppression	most widely practiced strategy for managing unavoidable & unwanted emotions.
Suppression	______ is only marginally effective b/c you’re trying to modify intense arousal you’re already experiencing.
Venting	allowing emotions to dominate our thoughts and explosively expressing them.
Encounter Avoidance	staying away from ppl, places or activities that you know will provoke emotions you don’t want to experience
Encounter Structuring	intentionally avoiding specific topics that you know will provoke unwanted emotion during encounters w/ others.
Attention Focus	intentionally devoting your attention only to aspects of an event/encounter that you know will not provoke an undesired emotion.
Deactivation	Systematically desensitizing yourself to emotional experience.
Encounter avoidance, encounter structuring, attention focus, deactivation	4 strategies for preventing emotions are?
Deactivation	Which strategy for preventing emotions can trigger deep depression?
Reappraisal	actively changing how you think about the meaning of emotion-eliciting situations so that their emotional impact is changed.
Reappraisal	Ex. Ex messages you on fb and you feel compelled to tell your partner: “I know you don’t like my ex, and I can totally understand why; I would feel the same if I was in your shoes” or “Why do you always feel the need to criticize my ex?!”
Before	Reappraisal is effective if employed _____ a full-blown emotional reaction commences.
Occurred	Reappraisal requires little effort compared to trying to control your emotion once they've _______.
Reappraisal	people who are most effective at managing their emotional comm report _______ as their primary strategy.
1. Before or during an encounter that you suspect will trigger an undesired emotion in yourself, call to mind the positive aspects of the encounter. 2. Consider the short and long term consequences of your actions.	The 2 steps of Reappraisal are:
Asynchronicity & Invisibility	What are the 2 reasons why we're more likely to inappropriately express our emotions online?
Asynchronicity	we don’t interact w/ others in real time, instead exchange messages that are read and responded to at later points. We choose when and if we want to view the responses to our messages.
Asynchronicity	___________ predisposes us to openly express emotions that we would otherwise conceal if we knew the response would be immediate.
Invisibility	we feel as though we’re “not really there”, and so we feel distant from the consequences of our messages.
Feedback	Research shows the same part of the brain that controls empathy (orbitofrontal cortex) also monitors _______.
Empathy	Our ability to experience _______ is neurologically tied to our ability to perceive feedback.
Anger	a negative primary emotion that occurs when you’re blocked or interrupted from attaining an important goal by what you see as the improper action of an external agent.
Anger	_______ is driven by our perception that the interruption is “unfair”.
Yes	Is anger common?
Several time a week	The average person is mild-moderately angry anywhere from several times a day to _____ ____ __ _____.
Destructive potential	We underestimate anger’s ______ _____ b/c of its frequency.
Anger	The most intense and potentially destructive emotion.
Angry	Passive aggressive comm is more likely to happen when you’re _____.
Suppression	Anger is most frequently managed with what?
Physical and mental problems	Always suppressing anger can cause what?
Chronic Hostility	a persistent state of simmering or barely suppressed anger and constant negative thinking.
Chronic Hostiles	_____ _____ have thoughts dominated by the negative.
Chronic Hostiles	What types of ppl are more likely than others to believe that human nature is innately evil and most ppl are immoral, selfish, exploitative, & manipulative.
Chronic Hostiles	B/c they believe the worst ab others, ______ tend to be difficult, self-involved, demanding, and ungenerous.
Catharsis	the assumption that openly expressing emotions enables you to purge them.
More	The engineer study on catharsis found that recently fired employees became more/less angry when venting anger ab the company?
Jefferson Strategy	A strategy to manage anger that involves slowly counting to 10 before responding to someone who says or does something to make you angry.
Jefferson Strategy	What strategy is effective b/c it creates a delay between the trigger event/accompanying arousal and your comm response?
Jefferson Strategy	What strategy helps you comm in a less extreme way?
Passion	a blended emotion of joy and surprise coupled w/ other positive feelings like excitement, amazement, and sexual attraction.
Passion	A fleeting and dis-fragile emotion
Grief	Stays w/ us for a long time – triggered repeatedly by experiences linked w/ the loss.
Emotion-sharing	What strategy can help with managing grief?
Emotion-sharing	talking about your grief with others who are Experiencing or have experience similar pain, or ppl who are skilled at providing you w/ needed emotional support/comfort.
Emotions, feelings	_______ occur occasionally in response to substantial events, _______ arise frequently in response to everyday incidents.
Stress-related disorders like chronic anxiety or depression.	If someone uses suppression to manage grief, it can lead to what?
Supportive Communication	The best way to help others manage their grief is through what?
Supportive Communication	Sharing messages that express emotional support and that offer personal assistance.
Competent Support Messages	What convey sincere expressions of sympathy, condolence, concern for the other person, and encouragement to express emotions?
Incompetent Support Messages	What tell a person how they should feel or indicate that the indv is somehow inadequate or blameworthy?
7 Suggestions for Improving your Supportive Comm	1. Make Sure the other person is ready to talk. 2. Find the right place and time. 3. Ask good questions. 4. Legitimize, don’t minimize. 5. Listen actively. 6. Offer advice cautiously. 7. Show concern and give praise.
Items measuring chronic hostility	- Ppl always try to use me -It’s human nature to be immoral & exploitative. - I can’t help but feel angry when I consider the rudeness of others. - Ppl enjoy behaving in ways that annoy/provoke me
Items measuring chronic hostility	-It’s hard to not blow up at ppl, they’re always screwing up. - I get furious just thinking ab how inconsiderate most ppl are. - Most ppl are manipulative and truly sicken me
Chua's	Whose approach to conflict involves demanding others do what she wants, then verbally abusing them if they don’t do so?
Chinese Heritage	Chua attributes her behavior to her ________ but research says that’s not true
All	A psychologist who studied thousands of ethnic families found that authoritarian parents occur in what ethnic groups?
Destruction, heartache, hopelessness	The words ppl commonly associate w/ IP conflict are?
Unusual	We like to think of conflict as what?
False	T/F We don't judge relationships by how much the couple fights?
True	T/F Conflict is a normal part of all relationships?
7	People report having how many conflicts on average a week?
Almost anything	What can spark conflict?
Almost anyone	Who can get into a conflict?
Know each other	Most conflicts occur between people who ____?
Conflict	the process that occurs when ppl perceive that they have incompatible goals or that someone is interfering in their ability to achieve their objectives.
1. Conflict begins w/ perception. 2. Conflict involves clashes in goals or behaviors. 3. Conflict is a process. 4. Conflict is dynamic.	What are the 4 features characterizing conflict?
Perceptual Errors	What shape how our conflicts unfold?
False	T/F we blame ourselves more than other during conflicts?
how you handle conflict with someone will have consequences for your future interactions and relationship with that person.	Conflict isn't a one time only event b/c why?
No	Is conflict is predictable?
66.4%	In what percent of disputes does the focus shift substantially as the conflict progresses?
Kitchen Sinking	Action in which the combatants hurl insults at e/o that have little to do w/ the original disagreement.
Close relationship	Most conflicts occur between people who know each other and are involved in what?
Contact, interaction	Most conflicts are caused by prolonged ____ and frequent _______.
1. Irritating partner behaviors 2. Disagreement regarding relationship rules 3. Personality Clashes	What 3 issues do conflicts in close relationships arise from?
Patterns	Partners often develop consistent ____ for dealing w/ conflict.
The differences at hand	Happily married couples are more likely to avoid person attacks during conflicts and focus on what?
They can solve their own problems	- Happy couples remain motivated to behave in ways guaranteed to keep them happy, & b/c _________, they’re more likely to work together to resolve conflict.
Dissatisfied	Happy or dissatisfied couples often avoid important conflicts?
Communication	Disputes threaten sense of what between couples?
Loved ones	Conflicts with who are guaranteed to be intense emotionally draining experiences?
Future	Conflicts powerfully effect _____ relationships & encounters.
Power	the ability to influence or control people and events.
Power	What determines how partners relate to one another, who controls relationship decisions, and whose goals will prevail during conflicts?
False, all	T/F Power is present in most IP encounters/relationships.
Complementary Relationships	result from imbalanced power in relationships.
Symmetrical Relationships	result from balanced power in the relationship.
Dyadic Power Theory	What theory?: people w/ only moderate power are mist likely to use controlling comm.
Dyadic Power Theory	What theory says that b/c ppl w/ moderate power have limited power, they can’t always be sure they’re going to get their way so they feel the need to wield power in noticeable ways.
Moderate	You’re most likely to run into controlling comm and power-based bullying when dealing w/ ppl who have _______ amounts of power over you
True	T/F Many happy relationships are complementary?
Power Struggles	What are the heart of most conflicts?
Conflicts	During what do ppl struggle to see whose goals will prevail, and they wield whatever power they have to pursue their own goals.
A form of power currency.	To acquire power you must possess what?
Power Currency	a resource that other people value.
Resource Currency	includes material things such as money, property, food.
Expertise Currency	special skills or knowledge valued
Social Network Currency	a person who is linked with a network of friends
Personal Currency	Beauty, intelligence, charisma, comm skill, sense of humor, smart – characteristics that people consider desirable.
Intimacy Currency	Acquired when share a close bond with someone that no one else has, willingness for someone to do you a favor.
False, they differ	T/F Views of power across cultures are the same?
those currencies are valued in a given culture.	People are granted power based on the currencies they possess and the degree to which what?
Resource currency	In Asian and Latino cultures, high values placed on what type of currency? >> ppl w/o land, money grant power to those who have it.
False, wealth is envied but unusual power is not granted to those who are wealthy.	T/F Wealth is considered a form of power currency in northern European cultures, b/c those who have it are granted unusual power.
Power-distance	Cultures differ in degree ppl view the unequal distribution of power as acceptable, know as what?
Power-distance	The degree to which ppl view the unequal distribution of power as acceptable.
High	In high/low power-distance cultures is it considered normal/desirable for ppl of different social/professional status to be widely separate in terms of their power?
Low	In high/low power-distance cultures do ppl in high-status positions strive to minimize the differences btw themselves and lower-status persons >> high-status positions interact w/ low-status positions in an = fashion?
Yes	Does power-distance influence how people deal with conflict?
Families	Power-distance shapes close relationship comm in what especially?
Power-distance btw those who are younger and their elders.	The value of "respeto" in Mexican culture emphasizes what?
patriarchy (rule of fathers)	Through what have men used cultural practices to maintain their societal, political & econ power?
Econ opportunity, educational access, political representation, and physical health care.	What are the 4 pillars of gender equality according to the World Econ Forum's 2012 report?
93%, 96%	Gaps in education & health have closed largely. Women now have __% of the edu opps men do, & __% of the health/medical support of men.
Economic & Political	Women are still lacking in which two of the gender equality pillars?
Norway, Finland, Sweden, Iceland	What nations are the most gender equal?
19th, 20th	The US & Canada rank __th and __th in gender equality.
40th, 36th	But The US ranks __th & Canada ranks __th in political empowerment.
Avoidance, Accommodation, Competition, Reactivity, & Collaboration	What are the 5 approaches to handling conflict?
Avoidance	Ignoring conflict, pretend it’s not happening or communicating indirectly ab the situation.
Accommodation	one person abandons his or her own goals and agrees to the desires of the other person.
Avoidance	Skirting is a common form of what?
Skirting	When a person avoids a conflict by changing the topic or joking ab it.
Avoidance	Sniping is a common form of what?
Sniping	communicating in a negative fashion and abandoning the encounter by physically leaving the scene or refusing to interact further.
Avoidance	What is the most commonly used approach in handling conflict?
Cumulative annoyance & pseudo-conflict	2 substantial risks of avoidance are what?
Pseudo Conflict	the perception that a conflict exists when it actually doesn’t.
Cumulative Annoyance	when repressed irritation grows as the mental list of grievances we have against our partners builds.
Emotions run high	Avoidance can be a wise choice for managing conflict in situations where what?
Competition	What approach to handling conflict is motivated to be used by negative thoughts/beliefs, including desire to control, willingness to hurt others in order to gain, and a lack of respect for others.
Whose needs they're interested/they admire	People are less likely to choose a competitive approach to handling conflict when they're in a conflict w/ someone who?
That they don't respect you	If people repeatedly approach conflict by making demands to the exclusion of your desires, it's a sign of what?
Defensive	Competition can trigger what type of comm?
Defensive Communication	someone refusing to consider your goals or dismissing them as unimportant, acting superior to you by wielding power over you.
Escalation	The biggest risk of competition is what?
Escalation	What is a dramatic rise in emotional intensity and increasingly negative & aggressive comm?
Escalation	If ppl in conf both choose competition & won’t back down, what is guaranteed?
Reactivity	When ppl choose to handle conf by not pursuing any conf related goals at all, communicating instead in an emotionally explosive/negative way.
Reactivity	What approach to handling conflict is characterized by accusations of mistrust, yelling, crying, verbal or physical abuse?
Collaboration	treating conflict as a mutual problem-solving challenge rather than something that must be avoided, accommodated, competed over, or reacted to.
Compromise	A collaborative approach to handling conflict often approaches what?
Collaboration	What is the most constructive approach to handling conflict?
Respect & are concerned ab their desires in addition to your own.	You're most likely to use collaboration with people that you...?
Collaboration	People who use what approach to conflict feel more trust, commitment, & overall satisfaction w/ their relationships.
Collaboration	These are the 4 steps for what? 1. Attack problems not ppl 2. Focus on common interests and long-term goals 3. Create options before arriving at decisions 4. Critically evaluate your solution.
True	T/F Many men & women have little experience in constructively pursuing their goals during a dispute.
Strength/manliness	Men learn to adopt competitive or violent approaches to IP clashes, b/c they suggest what?
Whether you = from individualistic or collectivistic culture.	What is the strongest factor influencing your conflict approach?
Collectivistic	Ppl from _______ cultures often view direct message regarding conf as personal attack >> more likely to manage conf through avoidance or accomm.
Individualistic	Ppl from ______ cultures feel comfortable agreeing to disagree & don’t see clashes as personal affronts >> more likely to compete, react, or collaborate.
Collectivists	Collectivists/Individualists may prefer to have a 3rd person mediate conflict?
Individualists	Collectivists/Individualists often separate conflicts from ppl?
Radical Pacifism	an extreme form of accommodation, “when a man takes your coat, offer him your shirt as well”.
Radical Pacifism	Those practicing what believe in a moral obligation to behave in a selfless/self-sacrificing way? >> in IP conf, this means discovering what the other person needs, then aiding them in attaining these goals, even if it means sacrificing your own.
True	T/F Radical pacifism involves all countries, ethnicities, & social classes.
Religion	Radical pacifism is primarily rooted in what?
2/3 or 61.2%	_____ of college students report using mediated channels to engage in confs.
Text-messaging	What's the most popular form of mediated channel that college students report using to engage in conflicts?
"Geographical distance?	College students reported choosing mediated channels rather than face-to-face b/c of what?
Texting	During a conflict through what are ppl are more likely to prioritize their own goals, minimize partner’s goals, & use hostile personal attacks in pursuit of their own goals?
Taking the encounter offline	What is the most important step in managing conflict constructively?
B/c it can dramatically reduce likelihood of attributional errors & substantially boost empathy.	Why is taking the encounter offline the most important step in managing conflict constructively?
Suggestions for dealing w/ conflict online.	What are these? 1. Wait and reread. 2. Assume the best & watch out for the worst. 3. Seek outside counsel. 4. Weigh your options carefully. 5. Communicate competently.
Separation, domination, compromise, integrative agreements, structural improvements.	What are the 5 short-term conflict resolutions?
Separation	the sudden w/drawal of 1 person from the encounter. Characteristic of approaching conf. through avoidance.
Domination	occurs when one person gets in their way by influencing the other to engage in accommodation & abandon goals.
Domination	Win-lose situations often result from what kind of short-term resolution?
The power balance in the relationship	What is the strongest predictor of domination?
Domination	What kind of short-term resolution can have be destructive when a chronic pattern and 1 indv is always sacrificing their goals to keep peace >> can spawn resentment & hostility over time?
Compromise	both parties change goals to make them compatible.
Collaboration	Compromise results from what type of conflict approach?
True	T/F Compromise can foster mutual resentment & regret.
Integrative Agreements	the 2 sides preserve & attain their goals by developing a creative solution to their problem creating a win-win solution.
Integrative Agreements	In what short-term conflict resolution must parties remain committed to their indv goals yet be flexible in how they achieve them.
Structural Improvements	ppl agreeing to change the basic rules or understandings that govern their relationship to prevent further conflict.
Structural Improvements	What short-term conflict resolution involves rebalancing power or redefining expectations ab who plays what roles in a relationship?
Structural Improvements	What short-term conflict resolution is only likely to occur when ppl involved control their negative emotions & handle the conflict collaboratively.
Collaborative	People using what approach to conflict tend to generally generate positive long-term outcomes?
Collaborative	Ppl using what conflict approach tend to resolve confs, report higher relationship satisfaction, & experience shorter & fewer disputes?
Our own minds	What is the biggest challenge when constructively managing conflict?
Unfolding	While confs are _______ ppl typically do not consider long-term outcomes, and don’t perspective-take >> instead thoughts = simple, unqualified, negative views.
2%, 98%	In only __% of cases did respondents attribute cooperativeness to their partners & uncooperativeness to themselves. >> __% of fights think other person is uncooperative.
Sudden Death Statements	occur when ppl get so angry they suddenly declare the end of the relationship even though breaking up wasn’t a possibility before the conf.
Dirty Secrets	statements that are honest in content but have been kept hidden to protect partner’s feelings.
Serial Arguments	a series of unresolved disputes, all having to do w/ the same issue.
Deep disagreements	Serial arguments typically stem from what?
Serial Arguments	What occur over time, and consist of cycles in which things “heat up” & then lapse back into temporary state of truce >> during “quiet” periods, indvs = more likely to think ab the conf., attempt repair the relationship, cope w/ stress from recent fight?
Romantic/family	Serial arguments are most likely to occur with what type of involvements?
True	T/F Serial arguments are strongly predictive of relationship failure.
Demand-withdraw patterns	when a partner in a relationship demands their goals be met, and the other partner responds by w/drawing from the encounter.
Physical Violence	What is the most destructive conflict challenge?
52% women, 66% men	__% women & __% men reported they’d been physically assaulted during conflicts.
12% women, 11% men	_% women & _% men reported committing a violent act during conf. w/ their spouse in the preceding year.
50% lesbians, 30-40% gays	__% lesbian & __-__% gay respondents have been victims of violence during IP confs in their lives.
Chilling Effect	indvs stop discussing relationship issues out of fear of their partners’ negative reactions.
High Power-Distance	Malaysia, Panama, Guatemala, Philippines, Mexico, Venezuela, China are examples of what level power-distance?
Moderate Power-Distance	Spain, Pakistan, Italy, South Africa, Hungary, Jamaica, USA are examples of what level power-distance?
Low-Power Distance	Norway, Sweden, Ireland, New Zealand, Denmark, Israel, Austria are examples of what level power-distance?
Cognitive	_______ labeling determines the emotion you experience.
Fear	What is the #1 emotion expressed by women?
Moods	_____ can't be caused by an event, but they can be changed by an event.
Moods	Moods, feelings, emotions - which one typically lasts the longest?
High	Passion is harder to experience in a relationship for someone who is high/low maintenance?
Passion	______ is coupled w/ feelings of excitement, amazement, & sexual attraction.
Chasing passion	The Cocker-Spaniel chasing it's tail example is an example of what?
True	T/F within long-term relationships, you'll feel more passion towards others than you do your partner?
Legitimize don't minimize.	When Steve's friend said he was thinking ab killing himself, Steve said "I've been there too," >> this is an example of what?
Low self-esteem	What is the biggest misconception about jealousy?
Jealousy	A protective reaction to a perceived threat to valued relationship.
Their Ex	What is the biggest perceived threat for a person in their relationship?
Catastrophic Thinking	When your perceptual lens is off, you jump to the worst scenarios.
Catastrophic Thinking	Jumping straight to thinking we'll get divorced and I'll have to go back out on the market is an example of what?
Cognitive, behavioral, emotional	What are the 3 dimensions of jealousy?
Cognitive Jealousy	Dimension of jealousy consisting of thoughts, worries, suspicions about "ex".
Behavioral Jealousy	Dimension of jealousy consisting of actions, checking e-mail or constantly checking their fb.
Behavioral Jealousy	Stalking is an outcome of what dimension of jealousy?
Emotional Jealousy	Dimension of jealousy consisting of emotional/physiological reaction (arousal), occurs independent of conscious appraisal of threat.
Emotional Jealousy	Kelly's ugly cry reaction when she found "the book" is an example of what dimension of jealousy?
1) Issue must be self-defining (top 3 central issues to how you see yourself) 2) There must be a discrepancy between self and "ideal-self" for this issue.	What are the two factors necessary for jealousy to occur?
Selective-ignoring, self-bolstering, self-reliance	What are the 3 strategies for managing jealousy?
Self-Bolstering	What strategy for managing jealousy is the worst?
Self-Reliance	What strategy for managing jealousy is the best?
Self-Reliance	continue current activities & "stay cool"
Self-Bolstering	"Build yourself up", think happy thoughts
Selective-Ignoring	Minimize or re-evaluate importance >> "this isn't important"
Self-Bolstering	The Sound of Music strategy when the kids are scared of storm and she sings a song is a form of what?
Social Exchange Theory	What theory says relationships are an economic exchange of resources?
1) Human relationships are defined by outcome interdependence. 2) Ppl form & cont. relationships that are profitable 3) Indvs in relationships = compelled to reciprocate rewards to assure future receipt of rewards 4) A variety of rewards may be exchang	6 Root Assumptions About Relationships are: 1) Interdependence 2) Profitable 3) Reciprocate rewards 4) Variety of rewards 5) Perception of valued resource 6) Distribution of valued resources is rarely even.
Thibaut & Kelley Theory of Social Interdependence	Outcomes, Comparison Level, & Comparison Level Alternatives are characteristics of what Theory?
Outcomes	Perceived reward/loss ratio.
Comparison Level	Evaluate standard based on perceptions of merited ("what I deserve") reward/cost ratio.
Comparison Level for Alternatives	Evaluative standards based on perceptions of reward/cost ratio available from alternative sources.
True	T/F CLalt is fluid/changes.
Outcomes to comparison level	Relationship satisfaction is determined by comparing ______ to ______.
Relationship Satisfaction	Comparing outcomes to comparison level determines what?
Relationship Stability	Relationship stability is determined by comparing ______ to _____.
Relationship Stability	Comparing outcomes and comparison level for alternatives determines what?
Happy & stable	If O > CL & CLalt the relationship is what?
Unhappy & stable	If CL > O > CLalt
Happy & unstable	If CLalt > O > CL
Unhappy & unstable	If CLalt & CL > O
Go Stay	Unstable = _____ Stable = ______
The Principle of Least Interest.=	The person who has the least interest in the relationship will have the most power, this is called what?

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