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6 The Roman Republic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Republic | A political system in which people elect leaders to govern them |
| dictator | rulers with almost absolute power |
| plebeians | common people |
| patricians | nobles |
| magistrates | an elected official in Rome |
| consuls | the two most powerful magistrates in Rome |
| Roman Senate | A counsel of wealthy and powerful Romans that advise the city leaders |
| veto | to prohibit |
| Latin | the Roman language |
| checks and balances | a method to balance power in a government |
| Forum | Rome's meeting place |
| legions | groups of soldiers up to 6,000 |
| Punic Wars | a series of wars between Rome and Carthage in the 200s and 100s BC |
| Geographically, Italy is a | peninsula |
| What mountain range is in northern Italy? | the Alps (it's Europe's highest mountain range) |
| What mountain range runs down the center of Italy (like the spine of Italy)? | Apennines |
| Describe the landscape of Italy | Most of the land consists hills and mountains |
| What is the legend begind Rome's start? | Aeneas settled Italy after leaving Troy during the Trojan wars. His descendants were Romulus and Remus, twins that were put in a basket and thrown in the Tiber River. Rescued by a wolf and adopted by a shepherd... know the rest of the story |
| How many kings did Rome have before the Republic? | 7 |
| The last 3 kings before Rome became a Republic were from where? | The Etruscans, people who lived north of Rome |
| What was the difference between plebeians and patricians in the early Republic? | Patricians - powerful nobles, wealthy, small minority of population, and once controlled all the government. Plebeians - common people, peasants craftspeople, traders, etc, majority of the population |
| When did they choose dicatators to rule and for how long? | THey chose dicatators to rule the city during difficult wars. They held their power for 6 months at a time |
| Who was the most famous dictator? | Cincinnatus |
| Tripartite | 3 parts |
| What were the 3 parts of the Roman Republic? | 1. Magistrates; 2. Senate; 3. Assemblies and Tribunes |
| Magistrates | Elected official; 2 most powerful were consuls who led the government and army; served for 1 year; had power over all citizens |
| Senate | Council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised the consuls; held office for life, ultimately gained control of city's finances; consisted of patricians and later wealthy plebeians |
| Assemblies and Tribunes | Protected and represented the common people; approved or rejected laws, declared war; Assemblies elected magistrates; Tribunes could veto decisions of consuls and other magistrates; held office for one year |
| Which branch became the most powerful? | Senate |
| Roman Forum | It was Rome's meeting place; people would shop, chat and gossip here; it was located between the 2 major hills in Rome; government buildings and temples were also here |
| 12 Tables | Kept in the Roman Forum, it was the laws of Rome written down for everyone to see on 12 bronze tablets |
| What were the two major hills in Rome | Capitoline hill - where Rome's grandest temples stood; Palatine Hill - where Rome's richest people lived |
| First Punic Wars | Fought between Carthage and Rome; it began because Carthage went to conquer Sicily and Rome sent an army to fight for control of the island. Rome took control after 20 years of fighting |
| Second Punic Wars | Between Carthage and Rome again; Hannibal led Carthage and attacked Rome. The Romans sent an army to attack Carthage and won in the Battle of Zama |
| Tiberius Gracchus | A tribune who wanted to help the poor by creating farms to prevent rebellion. He wanted to use public land that wealthy citizens had taken illegally. He was killed in a riot |
| Gauis Gracchus | He was a tribune that wanted to help the poor by selling food cheaper to them. He was also killed for his ideas |
| Gauis Marius | A consulwho encouraged the poor to join the army (before you could only join if you owned property). His troops were more loyal to him than to Rome. |
| Lucius Cornelius Sulla | A consul who came into conflict with Marius, which led to civil war. He won and named himself dictator |
| Spartacus | a gladiator who led thousands of slaves to rise up and demand freedom. He took over southern Italy, but was eventually killed in battle. His revolt fell apart. The Romans executed the 6,000 rebellious slaves to set an example. |
Created by:
ompwildcats