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Stack #1197129
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What 3 things can have an effect on recorded detail. | 1)focal spot size 2)shaoe of structure 3)OID |
| The geometry of the radiologic image is affected by | 1)OID 2)SID 3)tube angle |
| Although the stated focal spot size is measured directly under the AFS, EFS size actually varies along width of the x-ray beam. At which portion of the x-ray beam is the EFS the smallest | Anode end |
| What size of a focal spot is the best for recorded detail | 0.3 mm focal spot |
| Name 3 things that are related to recorded detail | 1)motion 2)screen speed 3)OID |
| When an intensifying screen continuues to glow after the x-ray exposure has ended, the screen is said to possess | lag |
| How is SID related to exposure rate and image density | SID inc., exposure rate dec., and image density dec. |
| Exposure factors of 85 kV and 10 mAs are used for a particular nongrid exposure. What should be the new mAs if an 8:1 grid is added? | 40 mAs |
| An x-ray image demonstrating poor contrast resolution can be attributed to insufficient | beam restriction |
| The term used to describe image density in digital image is | brightness |
| Radiographic density is directly related to x-ray _____, _____, and _____ | 1)beam intensity 2)exposure rate 3)photon quality |
| An increase in kV applied to the x-ray tube increases the | exposure rate |
| Elbow, kidney, esophagus, or lumbar spine exhibits the highest subject contrast | elbow |
| The function of the automatic beam limitation devices include | increases contrast resolution |
| What transforms the violet light emitted by the PSP into the image seen on the CRT | ADC |
| What component of an IP recordes the CR image | photostimulable phosphor |
| Imaging fading can occur if ______, ______ | 1)exposed PSP's are not processed soon after exposure 2)exposed PSP's are exposed to high temperatures |
| The x-ray detection system that does not have a scintillation component is | direct DR |
| The developer temperature in a 90 second automatic processor is usually approximately | 90-95 degrees F |
| The amount of replenishment solution added to the automatic processor is determined by | 1)film size 2)position of film on tray feeding into processor 3)length of time required for film to enter processor |
| A CR histogram is a graphic representation of | grayscale values of the imaged part |
| 100 mA 50 ms, 200 mA 40 ms, 400 ma 70 ms, and 600 mA 30 ms; Which group of exposure factors will produce the most radiographic density | 400 mA, 70 mS |
| A lateral radiograph of cervical spine was made at 40 in. using 300 mA and 0.03 second exposure. Distance moved to 72 in., what should new mA factor be if all other factors remain constant | 300 |
| When comapring film screen imaging to CR imagine, _____ and _____ | 1)CR DQE is better than film screen DQE 2)CR has a wider exposure range than film screen |
| Resolution in CR increases as _____, and _____ | 1)laser beam size decreases 2)PSP crystal size decreases |
| When you x-ray an abdomen, what are some effective ways to minimize the amount of scattered radiation reaching the IR | use close collimation |
| List some factors that effect the efficient performance of a grid | 1)grid ratio 2)number of lead strips per inch 3)amount of scatter transmitted through the grid |
| A 5 in. object to be radiographed at a 44 in SID lies 6 in. from the IR. What will be the image width | 5.7 in. |
| Cuses of grid cutoff, when using focused reciprocating grids, include ____ | inadequate SID |
| Give an example of exposure factors that would produce the least radiographic density | 100 mA, 0.02 seconds, 80 kV, and 200 speed screen |
| Greater latitude is available to the radiographer in what ways; _____, _____ | 1)high kV technical factors 2)low ratio grid |
| A particular radiograph was produced using 12 mAs and 85 kV with a 16:1 ratio grid. Radiograph to be repeated using 8:1 ratio grid. What should new mAs be | 8 mAs |
| The main difference between direct capture and indirect capture DR is that | Direct capture/ conversion has no scintillator |
| 400 or 200 mA, 30 or 60 ms, and a 36 or 72 in. SID; which combination of the following factors would produce the most radiographic density | 200 mA, 60 ms, and 36 in. SID |
| What can contribute to the radiographic contrast present on the finished radiograph _____, _____, and _____ | 1)atomic number of tissues radiographed 2)any pathologic processes 3)degree of muscle development |
| A pathologic condition that would require a decrease in exposure factors | emphysema |
| If a radiographed exposed using a 12:1 ratio grid exhibits increased brightness/loss of density at its lateral edges, it is probably because | SID was too great |
| What can impact the visibility of the anode heel effect; _____ and _____ | 1)SID 2)IR size |
| An increase in kV applied to the x-ray tube increases the | exposure rate |
| The reduction in x-ray photon intensity as the photon passes through material is termed | attenuation |
| Exposure rate will decrease with an increase in | SID |
| A film/screen image exhibiting insufficient density might be attributed to _____ and _____ | 1)inadequate kV 2)grid cutoff |
| What is the effect of scattered radiation on a radiographic image | produces fog |
| Methods that help to reduce the production of scattered radiation include using | 1) compression 2)beam restriction |
| Function of the developer in the film processing is to | change the exposed silver bromide crystals to black metallic silver |
| What can affect both the quantity and quality of the primary beam | 1)HVL 2)kV |
| An AP projection of femur 300 mA, 0.03 s, 76 kV, 40 in. SID, 1.2 mm focal spot, and a 400 speed film-screen system. With all other factors remaining constant, what exposure time would be required to maintain radiographic density at a 44 in. SID, 500 mA | 22 ms |
| HVL is affected by the amount of _____ and _____ | kVp, and beam filtration |
| Two differences between CR and DR include | 1)DR image display immediately 2)DR has higher DQE and lower patient dose |
| The process of "windowing" of digital images determines the image | contrast |
| How is mAs and kV associated with quantum mottle | Decrease mAs, Increase kV |
| What pixel size has a 2048 x2048 matrix with a 60 cm FOV | 0.3 mm |
| The exposure factors of 400 mA, 17 ms, and 82 kV produce a mAs value of | 6.8 |
| Three things that have an impact on radiographic contrast are _____, _____, and _____ | 1)photon energy 2)grid ratio 3)OID |
| Magnification fluoroscopy is accomplished by _____, and _____ | 1)moving image intensifier focal point further from output phosphor 2)selecting smaller portion of input phosphor |
| 5/10 mAs, 74/85 kV, 36/40/44/48 SID; which factors would produce the greatest radiographic density | 10 mAs, 74 kV, 36 in. SID |
| Focusing distance is associated with | grids |
| The processing algorithm represents the | anatomical part and projection |
| Characteristics of high-ratio focused grids, compared with lower-ratio grids, include _____, _____ | 1)more efficient in collecting SR 2)absorb more of the useful beam |
| Changes in mAs can affect; _____, _____ and _____ | 1)quantity of x-ray photons produced 2)exposure rate 3)optical density |
| What is associated with magnification fluoroscopy; _____, _____ | 1) inc. mAs 2)smaller portion of input phosphor used |
| Lateral projection of lumbar spine, 200 mA, 1 s, and 90 kV. Factors changed to 200 mA, 0.5 s, and 104 kV, there would be a change in | scale of radiographic contrast |
| Decrease in kV will result in | dec. in optical density |
| Brightness and contrast resolution in digital imaging can be influenced by _____, _____, and _____ | 1)WL 2)WW 3)LUT |
| A decrease from 200 to 100 mA will result in a decrease in _____ and _____ | 1)exposure rate 2)beam intensity |
| The quantity of the scattered radiation reaching the IR can be reduced through the use of _____ and _____ | 1)air gap 2)stationary grid |
| The interaction between x-ray photons and matter is most likely to be associated with | high kV |
| A characteristics of a 5:1 grid is | it allows some positioning latitude |
| How is SID related to exposure rate and image density | SID inc., exposure rate dec., image density dec. |
| An x-ray exposure made was restricted to 14 x 17. The same exposure was repeated using a 4 x 4 in. field. Compared with first image, the second will demonstrate _____ and _____ | 1)more contrast 2)higher contrast |
| Some factors that determine recorded detail in digital imaging include _____, _____, and _____ | 1)SID 2)focal spot size 3)DEL size |
| The PSP plates used in CR are constructed in layers that include _____, _____, and _____ | 1)light shield layer 2)support layer 3)electroconductive layer |
| The prupose of the electroconductive layer of the CR PSP plate is to | facilitate transportation through the scanner/reader |
| Any images obtained using dual x-ray absorptiometry bone densitometry are used to | evaluate accuracy of the ROI |
| X-ray tubes used in CT differ from those used in x-ray, in that CT x-ray tubes must _____, _____, and _____ | 1)have a very high short exposure rating 2)be capable of tolerating several million heat units 3)have a small focal spot for optimal resolution |
| Exposure type artifacts include _____ and _____ | 1)double exposure 2)motion |
| HVL is affected by the amount of ____ and ____ | 1)kVp 2)beam filtration |
| The attenuation of the x-ray photons is not influenced by | photon quantity |
| What can influence recorded detail, _____ and _____ | 1)part motion 2)focal spot |
| Upon QC testing, HVL of x-ray beam produced by a particular x-ray tube increases, it is an indication of _____ and _____ | 1)vaporized tungsten deposited on inner surface of glass envelope 2)inc. in kV being produced by the tube |
| Which interaction is responsible for producing the most x-ray photons at the x-ray tube target | Bremsstrahlung |
| As grid ratio is decreased, | scale of contrast becomes longer |
| X-ray film emulsion is most sensitive to safelight fog | after exposure |
| What has the greatest effect on radiographic density/brightness | SID |
| Geometric unsharpness is directly influenced by | OID |
| Exposure factors of 400 mA, 70 ms, and 78 kV were used to produce a particular radiographic density and contrast. Similar radiograph can be produced using 500 mA, 90 kV, and _____ | 28 ms |
| How often are radiographic equipment collimators required to be evaluated | semiannually |
| What is associated with magnification fluoroscopy _____, _____, and _____ | 1)less noise 2)improved contrast resolution 3)improved spatial resolution |
| List a few things that can be used to reduce the effect of scatter radiation on a finished radiograph; _____, _____, and _____ | 1)grids 2)collimators 3)compression bands |
| What is the relationship between tissue attenuation coefficient in CT and its related Hounsfield unit | the greater tissue attenuation coefficient, the higher the HU value |
| Exposure factors of 90 kV and 3 mAs for a particular nongrid exposure. What is new mAs with a 12:1 grid | 15 |
| What units are used to express resolution; _____ and _____ | 1)line-spread function 2)line pairs per millimater |
| CR IP's do not contain _____, use no _____, and function to protect the _____ | 1)radiographic film 2)intensifying screens 3)PSP |
Created by:
dlsilberbe