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IFSTA
Operator
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Standard for driver operator | 1002 |
| Drivers must have vision correctable to | 20/40 |
| Drivers cannot have hearing loss greater than | 40 db in any of the four Freq. 500 1000 2000 3000 |
| Standard for apparatus | 1901 |
| Most common size for foam tanks on app | 20-100 gal |
| Tenders must carry a min of _____ gall. of water | 1000 |
| 2 basic methodsfor mobile water supply | Nurse and shuttle |
| Standard for ARFF trucks | 414 |
| Two common types of lighting | portable and fixed |
| Max distance for hydraulic lines | 100 feet |
| hearing protection should be used if exposed to how many db | 90 or more |
| 2 components of electrical load management system | Load sequencer and load monitor |
| What does the load sequencer do | Starts elec equip in intervals |
| what does the load monitor do | Monitors the electrical load and sheds the load when needed |
| Steering wheel play should not exceed | 10 degrees in each direction |
| NFPA new app brake test | complete stop from 20 mph in 35 feet or less Parking brake must hold on a 20 degree grade |
| Air pressure must build to an operational level in | 60 sec or less |
| Air horn stops working at what pressure | 80 psi |
| Road test for brakes | 5 mph stop within 20 feet |
| All fluids should be checked how | visually |
| What does the SAE number signify | Oil viscosity |
| Note...never mix different types of oil | |
| What type of approach should you take in regards to vehicle inspection | systematic |
| What percent of FF injuries and deaths are caused by vehicle collisions | 20-25% |
| Where do collisions occur most frequently | intersections |
| note...most collisions happen in daylight with dry roads ideal vision | |
| 5 basic causes of app collisions | Improper backing Reckless driving by the public Excessive speed Lack of skill by the app driver Poor app design or maintenance |
| 5 factors that lead to driver error in a collision | Overconfidence Inability to recognize dangerous situations false sence of security misunderstanding of app capabilities Lack of knowledge about the app controls |
| Warm up period for app | 3-5 min. |
| Never operate vehicle battery switch when vehicle is_______ | running |
| Never operate the starter for longer than _______ | 30 sec |
| What is the rest period after operating the starter | 60 sec |
| How long to get reasonable oil press | 5-10 sec |
| For auto transmission, the best up-shifting occurs___________ | when the accelarator is partially depressed |
| Never jump more than ____ gears when shifting | 1 |
| When up to speed, keep transmission in what gear | Highest gear that allows you to keep up with traffic and still have power in reserve |
| How do you maintain RPM control | through correct throttling |
| Operate vehicles at _______ RPM below max recommended RPM. | 200-300 |
| What RPM should the high idle operate at | 900-1100 |
| Never attempt to shut down the vehicle while it is moving. This would cause damage to what | Injectors due to lack of lubrication |
| Suggested cool down period for vehicles | 3-5 min |
| What is the first element of safe driving | develop a safety conscious attitude |
| Exceptions to wearing a seat belt | Patient care in back of ambulance hose loading tiller training |
| NFPA requirements for riding on app while loading hose | Trained and allowed by SOP Have a spotter Area closed to other drivers Forward direction no faster than 5 No standing |
| Note...Avoid backing whenever possible | |
| What is the best position and equip. for a backer | One vehicle length behind and have a radio |
| 6 concepts of defensive driving | Anticipate other drivers actions Estimate visual lead time Know breaking and reaction times Combat skids Know evasive tactics Know weight transfer |
| Attempt to make _________ with all drivers at an intersection. | eye contact |
| What are the control factors in anticipation | Aim high in steering Get the big picture Keep eyes moving-scan Leave yourself an out Make sure others see and hear you |
| Good practice for aiming high on city streets and highways | 12 sec for city streets 20 sec on the highway |
| Total stopping distance = | Reaction time plus breaking distance |
| Define reaction distance | distance traveled while the driver transfers foot to the break after a perceived need for a stop |
| Define breaking distance | Distance traveled from applying the breaks until you stop. |
| 4 factors influencing stopping distance | Condition and slope of the driving surface Speed of the vehicle Weight of the vehicle Type and condition of brakes |
| Steering should be _______ | Smooth and continuous |
| 2 factors making a vehicle skid more likely | over inflated tires Lacking adequate tread depth |
| ABS system anyly the braking system more than | 20x per sec. |
| note...do not pump the brakes with ABS. Apply steady pressure | |
| Front brake limiting valve will reduce air pressure to the front brakes by how much | 50 percent |
| When driving code, which lane should you drive in on multi lane roads | innermost lane |
| What are the first places to become icy | Bridges Northern facing slopes Shaded areas Areas of snow blowing across the road |
| 3 cases where auto chains lose their effect | In snow deeper than 8 inches Very slow speeds Reverse |
| In snow and ice, stopping distance can increase how much | 3-15 times |
| Diff. Lock is for vehicles with what | Tandem rear axles |
| How does Diff. Lock work | Allows different speeds between the 2 rear axles and provides pulling power to both. |
| When do you not operate the Diff. Lock | When wheels are slipping |
| Note...You must lift your foot off the accelerator before operating the Diff. Lock | |
| Note... Do not spin wheels while Diff. Lock is engaged | |
| What sounds do drivers respond to best | Sounds that frequently change pitch |
| What is the most effective use of the air horn | short bursts |
| At what speed do you start to outrun the siren | 50 mph |
| At 40 mph, siren sound will project how far | 300 feet |
| At 60 mph, siren sound will project how far | 12 feet or less |
| When is arbitrary use of sirens inappropriate | Hospital zones When there is no traffic on the street Sensitive situations |
| Units traveling the same road should maintain a separation of how far | 300-500 feet apart |
| Whenever possible, where should supply lines be laid | to the side of the street |
| What is the size of the collapse zone | 1 1/2 times the height of the building |
| explain "Inside/Outside" positioning for apparatus | Buildings less than 5 stories, pump to the inside Buildings more than 5 stories, truck to the inside |
| Where should supply engines for aerials be placed | As close to the aerial as possible |
| Note...When drafting, the suction strainer should not rest on the ground | |
| Note...Not all hard suction hose is designed for positive pressures. | |
| What should the wheel position be when positioning on a hydrant | 45 degrees |
| How can you minimize kinks on intake hose | put 2 full twists in it before charging |
| Which intake hose do you not put twists in | Intake hose with sexless couplings |
| For front suction hook ups, position the app at ________ to the hydrant | 45 degrees or less |
| Explain dual pumping | Dual pumping is when one strong hydrant supplies two pumpers. Pumps are hook intake to intake |
| Explain set up for dual pumping | 1st pump hooks to hydrant and begins pumping 2nd pump positions intake to intake hydrant is closed down till near 0 reads on 1st pump intake gauge. Remove intake cap and hook pumps together Open hydrant fully |
| What is tandem pumping used for | For pumping pressures higher than one pump is capable of. IE high rise, long hose lays |
| For tandem pumping, pumps are up to _______ feet apart. | 300 feet |
| 2 most common functions of a wildland app. | Structure protection and fire attack |
| What position should the A/C be in for wildland fires | Recirculation |
| All wildland attacks should start from what | An anchor point |
| What is an anchor point | A natural or manmade barrier to prevent fire spread |
| For wildland attacks, spotters should stay in view of the driver and be equipped with what | Handlights and highly visible clothing |
| Stationary wild land app should be positioned for_______ and________ | max. protection from heat and flames facing the exit |
| Note...stationary wild land app should have a line deployed to protect the vehicle | |
| Do not drive in unburned fuels_________ or_______ without a spotter. | bumper or Running boards |
| 3 things when driving through smoke | Sound the horn or siren intermitantly Use warning and headlights Drive slow |
| Where is level one staging | one block away facing direction of travel |
| In level 2 staging, companies must be ready to respond in ___ minutes | 3 |
| At a traffic accident, how many lanes should be shut down | at least 1 lane next to the accident lane |
| According to ifsta, additional vehicles can be placed how far back from the accident | 150-200 feet |
| On Haz mat calls never drive the vehicle directly into the scene until_________ | The material involved has been identified |
| Which zone is considered safe for workers to enter briefly without protective clothing | Warm zone |
| What is the warm zone used for | To support workers in the hot zone and decon personnel and equip leaving the hot zone |
| where is the cold zone and what is it for | It encompasses the warm zone and is used to carry out support functions |
| When do you avoid staging in the same place | when responding to repeated bomb threats and other terrorist incidents |
| When is it okay to position on railroad tracks | never |
| When railroad tracks are near a scene, where should you position the app. | On the same side as the accident scene |
| If you have to stretch lines across a railroad track, what are the best options | run the hose under the rails or use an aerial app to run hose over the top. |
| Water weighs how much per gal. and how much per cubic foot | 8.33 per gal 62.5 per cubic foot |
| What governs the heat absorbing ability of water | Latent heat of vaporization and Specific heat |
| define Specific heat | Measures the heat absorbing capacity of a substance. |
| Define BTU | the amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1 pound of water 1 degree F. |
| Define Latent heat of vaporization | quantity of heat absorbed by a substance when it changes from a liquid to a vapor |
| The temperature at which a liquid changes to a vapor is called what | boiling point |
| Water does not completely vaporize when the boiling point is reached. What is required to convert it to steam | an additional 970 btu per pound of water |
| Define specific gravity | The density of liquid in relation to water |
| The speed at which water travels through pipe is determined by what | pressure |
| What is velocity | The speed at which fluid travels through pipe |
| Fluid press. is ________to any surface on which it acts | perpendicular |
| Fluid pressure at a point in a fluid at rest is_________in all directions | the same intensity |
| Pressure applied to a confined fluid from without is transmitted ___________ | Equally in all directions |
| Pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to its _________ and _________ | depth and density |
| The pressure of a liquid on the bottom of a vessel is___________of the shape of the vessel | independant |
| Any pressure less than atmospheric is called | a vaccum |
| Head is referred to | the height of a water supply above the discharge orifice |
| What is the equation for Head | Height divided by 2.304 |
| define normal operating press | pressure found in a water distribution system during normal consumption demands |
| define residual press | that part of pressure not used to overcome friction loss or gravity |
| what is forward velocity pressure at a discharge opening while water is flowing | flow press |
| Atmospheric pressure decreases _______ per 1000 feet of elevation | .5 psi |
| first principle of friction loss | friction loss varies directly with the length of the hose |
| second principle of friction loss | When hoses are the same size, friction loss varies approximately the square of the increase in velocity |
| Third principal of friction loss | for the same discharge, friction loss varies inversely as the fifth power of the diameter of the hose |
| Fourth principal of friction loss | for a given flow velocity, friction loss is approximately the same, regardless of the pressure on the water |
| When the diameter of the hose doubles, the area of the hose opening increases _______ times | 4 |
| 3 characteristics of hose layouts that affect friction loss | Hose length Hose diameter kinks |
| Max hose diameter for handlines | 3 inch |
| 3 methods of moving water in a water dist. system | Direct pumping Gravity system Combination system |
| When a hydrant receives water from more than one direction it's called | circulating feed or looped line |
| When a hydrant receives water from only one direction it's called | Dead-end hydrant |
| hydrant supply mains in a residential area should be | 6 inch |
| Valves for water systems are broadly divided into what two types | Indicating and non-indicating |
| Two common indicating valves | PIV OS&Y |
| Adverse effects of encrustation and sedimentation can be reduced by | Flushing hydrants periodically |
| Average daily consumption | averaged total amount of water used in one year |
| Maximum daily consumption | total amount of water used in a 24 hour period over a 3 year period. |
| define fire stream | stream of water or other agent after it leaves a nozzle until it reaches the desired point |
| What are the three types of streams | solid fog broken |
| the cylindrical bore on a smooth bore should be how long | 1-1 1/2 times the diameter |
| What determines the flow and stream reach from a smooth bore | nozzle pressure and size of the discharge |
| what is the minimum flow setting for interior fire fighting | 95-100 gpm |
| What is the max amount of water that can safely flow through a handline | 350 gpm |
| What allows master streams to be moved in horizontal and vertical planes | The passing through one or more sharp bends |
| What type of heat is a water curtain effective on | convected heat |
| What is the best way to reduce radiant heat | apply water directly to the surface |
| practical working limits for velocity of fire streams | 60-120 feet per second |
| Most solid stream nozzles have a working pressure of 50 psi. If greater reach and volume are needed, the working pressure can be increased to | 65 psi |
| What is the primary determinant in friction loss | Volume (GPM) flowing |
| What is Total Pressure Loss | Friction loss and Elevation |
| What are simple hose layouts | single hose lines equal length multiple lines equal length siamesed and wyed lines |
| When two hoselines of equal length are siamesed, friction loss is approx. _____ of that of a single line. And when 3 lines? | 25 percent 10 percent |
| What is NPDP | The amount of work the pump is actually doing |
| What size discharges can have flow meters instead of individual pressure guages | 1 1/2 to 3 inch |
| Flow meters must provide a readout in increments no larger than | 10 gpm |
| What are the two basic types of flow meter sensors | paddle wheel and spring probe |
| Flow meters should be accurate to a tolerance of what | +/-3 |
| What are the two types of hydraulic calculators | manual and electronic |
| Which type of pump forces all water and air out of the pump body with each operating cycle | positive displacement pumps |
| What does the centrifugal pump depend on to produce pressure | Velocity through centrifugal motion |
| what are the two types of Positive Displacement pumps | Rotary and piston |
| What are the two types of piston pumps | Single acting and Double acting |
| Two reasons piston pumps are not widely used | pulsating fire stream and susceptible to wear |
| What are the two types of rotary pumps | rotary vane and rotary gear |
| Two things that determine the amount of water that can be pumped through a rotary gear pump | Size of the pockets between the gears Speed of rotation |
| Which type of rotary pump has movable element that automatically compensate for wear and maintain a tight clearance as the pump is used | Rotary vane |
| What is the most common type of priming pump found on centrifugal pumps | Rotary vane |
| what feature makes the rotary vane pump more efficient at pumping air than a rotary gear pump | Self adjusting feature |
| what are the two fundamental parts of a centrifugal pump | impeller and casing |
| What transmits energy in the form of velocity to the water | the impeller |
| what collects the water and confines it in order to convert the velocity to pressure | the casing |
| Generally, the impeller rotates how fast in the casing | 2000 to 4000 rpm |
| what determines the volume capability of a pump | the size of the eye |
| which part of the impeller increases the velocity of the water for a given speed of rotation | the shrouds |
| The impeller is mounted off center in the casing creating a water passage that increases as it nears the discharge, what is this section called | the volute |
| What 3 factors influence a pumps discharge pressure | amount of water being discharged speed of the impeller pressure of water coming into the pump |
| the greater the speed of the impeller, the _________ the pressure developed. | greater |
| The increase in impeller speed is approx equal to | The square of the increase in speed |
| Doubling the impeller speed will result in how much pressure increase | 4 times |
| What are the two basic types of centrifugal pumps used in the fire service | single stage and two stage |
| What minimizes the lateral thrust on a pump | double suction impeller |
| what minimizes radial thrust | Stripping edges in the opposed discharge volutes divert the water 180 degrees |
| In the volume position, each impeller is capable of delivering its rated pressure while flowing what percent of the rated capacity | 50 |
| In the pressure position, what percent of the water is put through the transfer valve and into the eye of the second impeller | 50-70 percent |
| In the pressure position, the total volume is limited to the amount that _________ impeller can supply | one |
| What is the maximum net pump discharge pressure when operating the transfer valve | 50 psi |
| If ther is any question as to which position the transfer valve should be in, which is the best position to be in | Volume |
| The clapper valve is is closed in what transfer valve setting | pressure setting |
| How do you check the operation of the clapper valve | Remove the strainer from the intake and reach in with a wooden dowel to ensure the valve swings freely |
| What is the tolerance between the hub of the impeller and the casing | .01 inches |
| What is the first indication that wear is becoming a problem on a pump | An increase in rpm is required to pump the rated capacity |
| What part is used to restore a pump to its capacity without replacing the pump itself | wear rings |
| When discharges are shut, energy is dissipated in the form of ________ | heat |
| What is the best way to ensure the pump does not overheat | Always have some water flowing out the discharge |
| What valve will allow water to circulate through the pump | Circulator valve |
| What is an indication of a loose pump packing | excessive leakage from the pump |
| On a PTO pump, what determines the pressure being developed | the speed of the engine |
| In general, which gear should be used when performing a pump and roll operation | the lowest gear |
| Why are PTO pumps limited to around 500 gpm | because the PTO is mounted on the side of the transmission. Creates strain on the housing |
| The gear ratio is arranged so that the impeller is turning faster than the engine. How much faster | 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 times faster |
| What will happen if the road transmission is not placed in the proper gear for pumping | the pump does not turn at the needed rpm to pump effectively |
| What do most speedometers read while in pump gear | 10-15 |
| What do later model pumps have to prevent improper shifting in the transmission while pumping | gear lock-up |
| what is the hydrostatic test pressure of pump piping system | 500 psi |
| What gpm must a 1500 gpm pump be able to supply from tank water | 500 gpm |
| Is the priming pump tapped in at the high point or low point of the pump | High point |
| At what level are all intakes located on a centrifugal pump | below the eye of the impeller |
| Why are some front and rear intakes incapable of supplying the rated capacity | due to length of pipe and number of bends |
| How many 2 1/2 discharges must a pump have | enough to flow the rated capacity |
| Discharges to which 1 1/2, 1 3/4, and 2 inch handlines are attached to must have piping at least what size | 2 inch |
| All valves should be designed that they are easily operated at pressures of | 250 psi |
| which side of the pump is the primer attached to | Suction side |
| Which side of the pump is the tank fill valve attached to | Discharge side of the first stage. |
| Why is the tank fill attached to the discharge side of the FIRST STAGE IMPELLER | because of the safety of the lower pressure |
| Which side of the pump is the circulator valve attached to | Discharge side |
| What is another name for the circulator valve | bypass valve |
| Flow from the circulator valve is what | 10-20 gpm |
| NFPA requires that all valves on intakes or discharges greater than 3 inches have what | Slow acting valve controls |
| What does the slow acting valve controls do | prevents opening or closing in less than 3 seconds |
| Where are drains located | at the lowest point |
| When should drains not be operated | When the pump is operating |
| Why should a discharge be opened when operating drain valves | So a vacuum doesn't hold the water in the pump |
| Pressure control devices (relief valve,governor)must operate when | within 3-10 seconds and pressure must not go above 30 psi |
| How do pressure governors work | adjust the engine output to match discharge requirements |
| The pressure governor is attached to what | Discharge manifold |
| Pressure governors only work on pressures above what | 50 psi |
| What are the 3 catagories of primer pumps | positive displacement exhaust primers vacuum primers |
| What type of motor do most rotary pumps have | electric |
| What 2 purposes does primer fluid serve | Maintain clearances and fill irregularities inhibits corrosion of the parts |
| What breaks the siphon in the priming pump fluid reservoir | vent hole in the cap |
| In general, what is the best rpm to prime the pump | 1000-1200 rpm |
| note...when priming, operate the primer at idle and then increase the rpm to 1000-1200 to minimize wear on the mechanical clutch | |
| What damage can be done to the engine while using a vacuum primer | suck water into the intake manifold |
| What engine speed do vacuum primers work best at | idle speed |
| What are the two main gauges on the pump panel | Master intake and discharge gauges |
| Master gauges read pressures to what psi | 600 |
| Master intake gauges must read both | positive pressure and vacuum pressure |
| Master intake gauges must read how much vacuum | 0-30 Hg |
| As the vacuum gauge nears ____, the pump is nearing capacity | 20 |
| Individual discharge gauges are mounted on the outlet side of the discharge valve why | So the pressure reported is the actual pressure in the line |
| If the master gauge reads 150 psi and you have a discharge that is gated down to 75 psi, what will the gated discharge gauge read when no water is flowing | 150 psi. Same as the master discharge gauge |
| What is the function of an auxiliary cooler | To cool the engine coolant |
| What are the two types of auxiliary coolers | Marine and Immersion type |
| Does tank water come in contact with engine coolant in auxiliary coolers | no |
| When should radiator fill valves be used and why | only in an emergency because pump water circulates through the engine cooling system |
| What should you do if you have a radiator failure with crews interior | direct a hose stream on the engine until crews can withdraw |
| IFSTA recommends the apparatus wheels be chocked every time the app is stopped with the _______, ________ and the driver exits the cab | Engine Running |
| Recommended max length of 2 1/2 or 3 inch supply lines directly from a hydrant | 300 feet |
| Dry barrel hydrants must be open fully. If it is not open fully, the ______ _______ at the base will not open | drain valve |
| one foot of lift equals how many inches of mercury | .885 |
| Max theoretical lift is | 33.8 feet |
| Required vacuum for a primer equals | 22 inches of mercury |
| The amount of friction loss in the hard intake hose is dependent on the __________ and _______ of the hose | length and diameter |
| The total pressure available to over come all pressure losses in hard suction hose is limited to what | Atmospheric pressure |
| By definition, what 3 things affect the point at which a pump will cavitate | Temperature of the water Height of the lift Amount of water being discharged |
| What is the best indication of cavitation | lack of reaction on the pressure gauge to change in throttle setting |
| 3 things that dictate a suitable draft site | Amount of water Type of water Accessibility of water |
| For best draft results, it is desirable to have a minimum of ___ feet around the strainer | 2 feet |
| Low level strainers are capable of drafting water out of a tank down to a depth of what | 2 inches |
| Water temp range for drafting water | 35-90 degrees |
| Most common type of contamination when drafting | dirt and sand |
| Pumpers must pump capacity at how many feet of lift | 10 feet |
| Dependable lift in Boise | 14.7 feet |
| What percentage of capacity can be expected at 15 feet of lift, 20 feet? | 70% 60% |
| Max time for running the primer pump on a 1500 gpm pump | 45 sec |
| What are the most common sources of air leaks when drafting | Open drains and valves |
| After a prime is reached, increase the throttle until a discharge pressure of what is achieved | 50-100 psi |
| What maintains the vacuum in the pump | the continuous movement of water |
| Which vehicle gauge is the most important to watch while drafting | Engine temperature |
| What are the 3 catagories problems will fall into while operating from a draft | Air leak on the intake side whirlpool allowing air to enter pump air leak from defective pump packing |
| What is an indication that a blockage is occurring while operating from a draft | A gradual increase in vacuum reading with no change in flow rate |
| Where is the most common place for a blockage to occur while drafting | the strainer |
| After the drafting operation is complete and the pump is drained, what should be operated and why | the primer pump...to lubricate the parts of the primer |
| At a minimum, what should be connected to the FDC to support the sprinkler system | 2, 2 1/2 inch lines |
| It is a general rule that one 1000 gpm pumper should supply the FDC for every ____ sprinkler heads flowing | 50 |
| When a standpipe system is known to be equipped with pressure reducing valves, the elevation pressure should be based off what | the total height of the standpipe system |
| Define dependable lift | The max height water can be lifted in sufficient quantity to provide a reliable fire flow |
| Every pump in good repair should have a dependable lift of | 14.7 feet |
| What is the equation for pressure correction | Lift + intake hose friction loss --------------------------------- 2.3 |
| In a relay operation, the pumper with the largest pump should go where | at the source |
| Is elevation pressure affected by the amount of water flowing? | No. only topography affects elevation pressure |
| What are the two methods for relay pumping | max distance method constant pressure method |
| When laying out hose for a relay operation, how much hose should you leave in the bed | at least 2 sections in case a hose fails. |
| What determines the max capacity in a relay | The smallest pump and smallest hoseline used |
| In a relay operation, what mode should the pressure governor be in for the attack pumper? and for the relay pumper | pressure RPM mode |
| Which operation provides a more reliable water supply, Relay pumping or Water Shuttle | Relay pumping |
| What is the most efficient type of water tender for shuttle operations | one with 2500 gal or less water tank and rapid unloading capabilities |
| On a water tender, the external fill should allow the tank to be filled at a min rate of | 1000 gpms |
| Water tenders must have at least one large tank discharge that is capable of what | emptying 90% of its tank volume at 1000 gpms |
| What are the two types of large tank discharges on water tenders | Gravity dump jet assisted dumps |
| A water shuttle fill site should be able to supply how many gpm | 1000 |
| What is the most hazardous part of a water shuttle operation | Driving the shuttle route |
| If there are hills in the shuttle route, which tender should travel downhill? empty or full | Full |
| For a fill site with a hydrant, should a pumper be used to fill the tender | yes |
| Ideally, tenders should be filled at a min rate of | 1000 gpm |
| What is the dump rate for tenders according to NFPA | 1000 gpm for the first 90% of the tank |
| Single portable tank setups are for smaller fires with flow rates less than | 300 gpm |
| Portable water tanks should have a capacity _____ larger than the apparatus they are on | 500 gall. |
| Low level strainers allow drafting to what level | 2 inches |
| What is the most efficient method of moving water from one dump tank to the next | jet siphon |
| What is the preferred arrangement of multiple dump tanks | diamond |
| How do you determine gpm flow rate for each tender in a shuttle operation | tank capacity -10% divided by the travel time in minutes |
| What type of foams must be proportioned and aerated | mechanical foams |
| Two categories of class B fuels | hydrocarbon and polar solvent |
| What type of AFFF must be used on polar solvents | alcohol resistant |
| How does foam extinguish or prevent fire | separating cooling suppressing |
| define proportioning | combining of water and foam concentrate to make foam solution |
| How do you know what percentage a foam is rated for | marked on the container |
| What are the four basic methods to proportion foam | Induction (eduction) Injection Pre mix Batch mix |
| Which type of proportioning happens with a venturi device | induction |
| Which type of proportioning involves mixing the correct amount of foam concentrate into a tank | Batch mix |
| Batch mixing is commonly used with what type of foam but is used as a last resort with class B foams | Class A foams |
| Can Class A foams be used with a Solid stream | yes. not good for Class B foams |
| Why should foam not contact skin | Corrosive and has a super cleaning characteristic |
| What does the foam application rate refer to | the minimum amount of foam solution that must be applied per minute per square foot of fire |
| Where is wet foam used | areas needing max penetration |
| where is dry foam used | on vertical surfaces |
| Class B foams are manufactured from either a ________ or _______ base | synthetic protein |
| Protein foams have a shelf life of ______ years where synthetic based foams last generally ______ years | 10 20-25 |
| Foams from different manufacturers should not be mixed together unless they are | Mil-spec |
| Class B foams are mixed in proportions of what perentage range | 1-6% |
| Foam can be described by what 3 types | Low, medium, and high expansion |
| What are the ratios in foam expansion for low, medium and high expansion | 20:1 low 20:1- low 20:1-200:1 medium 200:1-1000:1 high |
| what is the application rate for spill fire using AFFF | .10 for 15 min |
| Application rate for tank fires using AFFF | .16 for 50 or 65 min |
| Note...All foam concentrate supplies should be onthe fireground before application is started. Once application has started it should not be interrupted. why | stopping application gives fire time to degrade the foam blanket |
| AFFF has the ability to "_______" over areas the foam blanket has been disturbed | heal |
| When alcohol resistant foams are used they create a _______ instead of a film over the fuel. Because of this, it should be applied________ so the membrane can form | membrane gently |
| In order for a foam nozzle and eductor to work properly, they must have the same | gpm rating |
| When batch mixing, class A foams do not retain their foaming properties if mix longer than | 24 hours |
| What is a major disadvantage to batch mixing | a froth may form when refilling the tank. can cause cavitation of the pump |
Created by:
andrisek