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Science
Atoms,Ion and Nuclear Decay
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Atom | Fundamental building block of all materials; it consists of a cluster of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud electrons |
Atomic Number | the number of protons in a nucleus; the atomic number determines what type of atom it is |
Compound | A pure substance that is made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically joined |
Crystal-Lattice | A grid-like structure of atoms or ions where particle is bonded to all of its neighboring atos |
Element | a substance made up of only one type of atom |
Isotopes | atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in their nucleus |
Anion | Negatively charged ion |
Cation | Positively charged ion |
Ion | an atom that has lost or gained electrons and therefore has an electric charge |
Ionic Bond | a bond between a cation and an anion due to electrostatic attraction of their opposite charge |
Alpha Decay | a nuclear reaction in which a nucleus ejects an alpha particle |
Alpha Particle | a particle made up of two protons and two neutrons, making it identical to a helium nucleus |
Beta Decay | a form of nuclear reaction in which a beta particle is ejected |
Beta Particle | a small, negatively charged particle that can be ejected from a nucleus during a nuclear reaction; it is identical to an electron |
Nuclear decay | when a nucleus undergoes a nuclear reaction and emits radiation |
Half-Life | the time it take for half the nuclei to decay |
Radioisotope | an isotope with a nucleus that may undergo a nuclear reaction |
Transmutation | one element transforming into another |