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evolution 9th grade

Chapter 15- 17 Myrick Biology

QuestionAnswer
What was the view of the species prior to the 1800's? Species were fixed and unchanging
What did Darwin figure out about Finches? Finches species on the Galapagos Island descended from a common ancestor
What structural adaptations did Darwin observe between the finches on the different islands? Differences in beak size depending on the size of the food available on the island
What is Natural Selection? The process by which individuals that are bettwer suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; survival of the fittest.
Struggle for existence members of each species compete for food, living space and other necessities of life
Survival of the fittest Organisms best suited for their environment survive and reproduce
Descent with modification Each living species has descended, with changes over time.
Adaptations An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
How did Malthus contribute to Darwin's ideas? He was an economist who developed the idea of competition for resources
When did Darwin publish his findings? What was the name of the book? 1859, On the Origin of Species
What is evolution? change over time
What are the 6 evidences supporting evolution? 1. Fossil Record 2. Geographic distribution of Living Species 3. Homologous body structures 4. Vestigial Body Structures 5. Embryonic Development 6. DNA evidence
fossil record - shows physical remains of organisms that are no longer alive
Geographic distribution of Living Species indicates common ancestral species,
homologous body structures implies similar genes in different species
Vestigial Body Structures small or incomplete structures with no apparent function
Embryonic Development implies similar genes in different species
DNA evidence same 20 amino acids make up all living things
What are homologous structures? give an example Structures that have the same evolutionary origin but a different function. Ex: whale fin, bat wing
What are vestigial structures? give an example Small or incomplete structures with no apparent function. ex. pelvic girdle in snakes, human tail bone
What are analogous structures? give an example Structures that have similar functions but originate from different cells or structures. ex. wings in insects and birds.
How does embryological evidence support the evolution of species? Embryos of very different types of vertebrates show similiarities in their appearance indicating a common ancestry.
What does Natural Selection depend on? The environment
One of 5 Darwin's theory of natural selection Individual organisms differ and those differences are inheritable
One of 5 Darwin's theory of natural selection Organisms produce more offspring than can survive and many that do survive do not reproduce.
One of 5 Darwin's theory of natural selection Since more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources
One of 5 Darwin's theory of natural selection Each unique organism has different advantages and disadvantages in the struggle for existence. Individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. They can pass on their traits to offspring.
One of 5 Darwin's theory of natural selection Species alive today are descendants with modifications (changes) from ancestral species that lived in the past. This process, by which diverse species evolved from common ancestors, unites all organisms o Earth into a single tree of life.
Population A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.
Gene Pool All of the genes, including the different alleles that are present in a population.
Allele Frequency The number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool.
Genetic Equilibrium A situation when allele frequencies remain constant and evolution does not occur.
What four mechanisms can cause evolution? Mutation, Genetic drift, Gene flow, Natural Selection
Mutation changes in DNA
Genetic Drift random events cause changes in the allele frequencies of a population
Gene Flow movement of individuals into or out of a population
Natural Selection certain traits give individuals an advantage in survival and reproduction
Stabalizing Selection natural selection that favors the intermediate genotype in a population
Directional Selection
Created by: murphy1717
 

 



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