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Terms 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color | allele |
| a reproductive process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant | cross pollination |
| describes the allele that is fully expressed when carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes | dominant |
| the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms | F1 generation |
| the second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation | F2 generation |
| the science of heredity and of the mechanism by which traits are passed from parents to offspring | genetics |
| the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring | heredity |
| Mende's law that states that hte pairs of homologous chromosomes seperate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete | law of segregation |
| the law that states that genes seperate independently of one another in meiosis | law of independent assortment |
| the study of the strucutre of nuclic acids and the function and regulation of genes | molecular genetics |
| the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the tip of a female reproductive struture of a flower in angiosperms or to the ovule in gymnosperms | pollination |
| parenetal generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross | P generation |
| describes a trait or an allele that is expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited | recessive |
| the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma of the same flower or to the stigma of another flower on the same plant | self-pollination |
| a genetically determined variant of a characteristic | trait |
| describes organisms or genotypes that are homozyhous for a specific trait and thus always produce offspring that have the same phenotype for that trait | true-breeding |
| a condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed | codominance |
| a relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another | complete dominance |
| a cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene | dihybrid cross |
| the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the comnination of genes for one or more specific traits | genotype |
| the ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring | genotypic ratio |
| describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes | homozygous |
| describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait | heterozygous |
| a condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's two parents becuase the dominanat allele is unable to express itself fully | incomplete dominance |
| a cross between individuals that invlves one pair of contrasting traits | monohybrid cross |
| an organism;s appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism;s genotype and the enviornment | phenotype |
| the liklihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event; the mathematical ratio of the number of times one outcome of any event is likely to occur to the number of possible outcomes of the event | probability |
| a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross | Punnett square |
| the ratio of phenotypes produced by a cross | phenotypic ratio |
| the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype | testcross |
Created by:
KathmanJ16