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Pumping Apparatus
Pumping Apparatus chaper 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The earliest pumps used in the fire service were | hand operated |
| ___ pumps soon followed hand operated piston pumps | Rotary |
| ___or___ action piston pumps of various diameters and strokes replaced rotary pumps | Single or double |
| The modern fire dept pumper is equipped with a ___ as its main pump | centrifugal pump |
| The centrifugal pump does not use positive action to force water from the pump; rather it depends on the ___ of the water produced by centrifugal force to provide the pump discharge pressure | velocity |
| There are two basic types of positive displacement pumps, ___ and ___ | piston and rotary |
| ____ pumps are used as priming devices to get water into centrifugal pumps during drafting operation | positive displacement |
| The forward stroke causes water to be discharged, and the return stroke causes the pump to fill with water again. this is known as a | single acting piston pump |
| Adding two additional valves can produce a more constant stream. This is know as ____ because it both receives and discharges water on each stroke of the piston | double acting piston pump |
| Even with the double acting piston pump, the output is a series of pressure surges with two periods of ___. These occur when the piston ends its travel ____ | no flow. in each direction |
| The output capacity of the pump is determined by the size of the ___ and the | cylinder and the speed of the piston travel |
| older large capacity piston pumps are equipped with an ___ on the discharge side of the pump to even out the pulses | air chamber |
| Although piston pumps are no longer used as high capacity pumps, some are still in service for | high pressure stream fire fighting |
| Piston pumps, These multicylinder, pto driven pumps provide pressures up to ____ for high pressure fog lines or to inject foam concentrate into a water line or manifold at a higher pressure than the water pump is creating | 1000 psi |
| _____ pumps are the simplest of all fire apparatus pumps from the standpoint of design | Rotary type pump |
| The ____ consists of two gears that rotate in a tightly meshed pattern inside a water tight case | rotary gear pump |
| The total amount of water that can be pumped by a rotary gear pump depends upon the size of the ___ and the ____ | pockets in the gears and the speed of rotation |
| The rotary gear pump is a ___ pump because each pocket in the gears contains a definite amount of water | positive displacement |
| To prevent damage to the casings, most gear pumps use ___ or another soft metal in the gears. A strong alloy, such as ___ is used for the pump casing | Bronze, Cast Iron |
| Some rotary gear pumps have power delivered to one gear, which then drives the other gears. In this case the drive gear is usually made of ___ with inserts of ___ to provide strength needed to handle torque. | Steel, bronze |
| The ___ is constructed with movable elements that automatically compensate for wear and maintain a tighter fit with closer clearance as the pump is used | Rotary vane pump |
| This is one of the most common types of pumps used to prime centrifugal pumps | Rotary vane pump |
| In this type of pump the rotor is mounted off center inside the housing | Rotary vane pump |
| Rotary vane pump; the distance between the rotor and the housing is much ___ at the intake than it is at the discharge | greater |
| This __ feature makes the rotary vane pump much more efficient at pumping air than a standard rotary gear pump | self-adjusting |
| Nearly all modern fir apparatus utilize the ___ as their major pump | Centrifugal Pump |
| The ___ is classified as a nonpositive displacement pump because it does not pump a define amount of water with each revolution | Centrifugal Pump |
| It imparts velocity to the water and converts it to pressure within the pump itself | Centrifugal Pump |
| It has virtually eliminated the positive displacement pump as a major fire pump in fire apparatus | Centrifugal Pump |
| In theory, the operation of a ____ is based on the principal that a rapidly revolving disk tends to throw water introduced at its center toward the outer edge of the disk | Centrifugal Pump |
| Fundamentally the centrifugal Pump consists of two parts | an impeller and a casing |
| Centrifugal Pumps; The ___ transmits energy in the form of velocity to the water | impeller |
| Centrifugal Pumps; The ___ collects the water and confines it in order to convert the velocity to pressure | Casing |
| Centrifugal Pump; The impeller rotates very rapidly within the casing, generally from ___ to ___ rpm | 2,000 to 4000 RPM |
| Centrifugal Pump; the volume capability to the pump is dependent on the | size of the eye |
| Centrifugal Pump; The larger the eye, the greater the | flow capacity |
| Centrifugal Pump; the impeller is mounted ___ in the casing | off center |
| Centrifugal Pump; the impeller is mounted off center in the casing. This placement creates a water passage that gradually increases in cross sectional area as it nears the discharge outlet of the pump. This section of the pump is know as the | volute |
| Centrifugal Pump; The increasing size of the ___ is necessary because the amount of water passing though the ___ increases as it approaches the discharge outlet | Volute |
| There are three main functions that influence a centrifugal fire pumps discharge pressure | 1. Amount of water being discharged 2. Speed at which the impeller is turning 3. Pressure of water when it enters the pump from a pressurized source |
| Centrifugal Pump; If the discharge outlet is large enough in diameter to allow the water to escape as it is thrown from the impeller and collected in the volute, this pressure build up is ___. If the discharge outlet is closed off, a ___ | very small, very high pressure buildup results |
| There are two basic types of centrifugal pumps used by the fire service | single stage and two stage |
| Front mount pumps, power take off, separate engine driven, and midship transfer pumps use a single intake impeller and a simple casing to provide capacities up to | 2,000 gpm |
| Newton' third law of physics states that for | every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| To minimize the lateral thrust of large quantities of water entering the eye of the impeller, a ___ was designed. It takes water in from both sides; the reaction being equal and opposite cancels the lateral thrust | Double suction impeller |
| Stripping edges in opposed discharge volutes divert the water ___ apart | 180 degrees |
| Water being removed at two places and traveling in opposite directions cancels the | radial thrust |
| The ___ has an impeller for each stage mounted within a single housing | Multi stage centrifugal pump |
| What gives mutli-stage pumps their versatility and efficiency is the capability of connecting the stages in __ for maximum pressure or in ___ for max volume by use of transfer valves | series, parallel |
| When the pump transfer valve is in the __ position, each of the impellers take water from a source and delivers it to the discharge. Each of the impellers is capable of delivering its rated pressure while flowing ___ of the rated capacity | Volume, 50 % |
| If a two stage pump is rated at 1,000 gpm at 150 psi each of the impellers supplies ___ to the pump discharge manifold | 500 gpm |
| When the transfer valve is in the ___ position, all the water from the intake manifold is directed into the eye of the first impeller | Pressure |
| The process of switching between pressure and volume is sometimes referred to as | changeover |
| In some dept SOP specifies that the transfer valve stay in the ___ position until it is necessary to supply more than one half the rated volume capacity of the pump | pressure |
| At lower flow rates operating in the ___ (__) position reduces the load and the required rpm of the engine | series (pressure) |
| Switching from volume to pressure results in an immediate ___ of the previous discharge pressure | doubling |
| The max net discharge pressure at witch the transfer valve should be operated varies depending on manufacturer of the pump and the pumps age. In most cases this recommended max pressure will not exceed | 50 psi |
| If there is any question as the proper operation of the transfer valve, it is better to be in ____ (___) than in series (pressure) | Parallel (volume) |
| While the parallel (volume) position may make it difficult to attain the desired pressure, it can supply 100 percent of the rated capacity at ___ at draft | 150 psi (1000 kpa) |
| Many power operated transfer valves operate at pressures as high as ___ | 200 Psi |
| The ___ (___) valves are essential in a multi stage pump | Clapper (check) |
| Some manufactures have used as many as four impellers connected in series to develop pressures up to ____ for high pressure fog fire fighting | 1,000 psi |
| When pressures higher than ___ are needed, a separate third stage can be engaged and used to increase the pressure from the second stage to a much higher level | 250 psi |
| These types of pumps are most commonly found in cities that have a substantial number of high rise structures | Supply a single stage, high pressure centrifugal pump mounted outboard on a conventional two stage pump with a separate drive system |
| The first indication that wear is becoming a problem is when | increased engine rpm is required to pump the rated capacity in pump tests |
| Newer centrifugal pumps are equipped with a ____ that opens to allow overheated water to circulate between the pump and the main water tank into the atmosphere | thermal relief valve |
| The most common type of packing is a material made of ___ or | rope fibers impregnated with graphite or lead |
| Some centrifugal pumps are equipped with ____ or ____ that are not adjustable | ceramic or mechanical seals |
| The most common applications for auxiliary engine driven pumps are | Airport rescue and firefighting (ARFF) vehicles, Wildland fire apparatus, Mobile water supply apparatus, trailer mounted fire pumps, portable fire pumps |
| Auxiliary engine-driven pumps offer the maximum amount of ____ | flexibility |
| Auxiliary engine driven pumps used on ARFF apparatus and for trailer mounted applications tend to be large capacity pumps up to ___ or more. They are powered by full size diesel engines capable of up to ___ horsepower or more | 4000 gpm, 500 horsepower |
| The PTO pump does permit pump and role operations but it is not as effective as the ___ | separate engine unit |
| The conventional power take-off unit limits the capacity of the pump to about | 500 gpm |
| According to NFPA 1901, all components of the piping system must be of a corrosion resistant material. Most piping systems are constructed of | cast iron, brass, stainless steel, or galvanized steel. |
| The piping system (as well as the pump itself) must be able to withstand a hydrostatic test of ___ (____) before being placed into service | 500 psi (3 450 KPA) |
| There are two primary ways that water may enter the fire pump. The first _____. The Second ____ | The first is through piping that connects the pump and the onboard water tank. The second is piping that is used to connect the pump to an external water supply |
| NFPA 1901 states that piping should be sized so that pumps with a capacity of 500 gpm or less should be capable of flowing ___ from their booster tank | 250 gpm |
| Many pumpers today are equipped with tank to pump lines as large as | 4 inches |
| Pumpers with capacities greater than 500 gpm should be able to flow at least ____ | 500 gpm |
| The ___ prevent damage to the tank if the tank to pump valve inadvertently opens when water is being supplied to the pump under pressure, such as during a relay | check valve |
| Pumps that have a capacity of ___ or more may require more than one large intake | 1,500 GPM |
| The amount of flow that can be obtained is determined by the ____ and the ____ | pump inlet and the straightness of its routing |
| According to ___ enough 2 1/2 inch or larger discharge outlets must be provided in order to flow the rated capacity of the fire pump | NFPA 1901 |
| All fire apparatus with a rated pump capacity of 750 gpm or greater must be equipped with at least ___ 2 1/2 discharges | two |
| pumps that are rated less than 750 gpm are only required to have ___ 2 1/2 inch discharge | one |
| Discharges to which 1 1/2, 1 3/4, and 2 inch hand lines must be supplied by at least ___ piping | 2 inch |
| Discharges are usually equipped with a locking | Ball valve |
| Discharge rate by outlet size 2 1/2 - ____ gpm | 250 gpm or 1000 L/Min |
| Discharge rate by outlet size 3 - ____ gpm | 375 gpm or 1400 L/Min |
| Discharge rate by outlet size 3 1/2 - ____ gpm | 500 gpm or 2000 L/Min |
| Discharge rate by outlet size 4 - ____ gpm | 625 gpm or 2400 L/Min |
| Discharge rate by outlet size 4 1/2 - ____ gpm | 750 gpm or 3000 L/Min |
| Discharge rate by outlet size 5 - ____ gpm | 1000 gpm or 4000 L/Min |
| Discharge rate by outlet size 6 - ___ gpm | 1440 gpm or 5500 L/Min |
| Discharges are usually equipped with locking ball valves. All valves should be designed so that they are easily operable at pressures of up to ___ | 250 PSI (1 724 kPa) |
| NFPA 1901 requires that apparatus with a water tank that is less than 1000 gal in size to have a tank fill line that is at least ____ | 1 inch in diameter |
| Apparatus with tanks that are 1000 gals or larger must have at least a ___ tank fill line | 2 inch |
| The most common type of valve is the | Ball type valve |
| The most common actuators for ball type valves are either _____ ( commonly called ___) or ____ | push pull handles ( commonly called T handles) or quarter turn handles |
| Newer apparatus may be equipped with valves that are ____,____,or___ controlled | hydraulically , pneumatically, or electrically |
| Gate or butterfly valves are also used of fire apparatus. Those are most commonly used on _____ and ___ | large diameter intakes and discharges |
| Gate valves are most commonly operated by a ___. Butterfly valves are most commonly operated by ____ | handwheel. quarter turn handles |
| NFPA 1901 requires all valves on intakes or discharges that are ___ or greater to be equipped with a slow acting valve controls. This prevents positions ( or vice versa) in less than ___ | 3 inches , 3 seconds |
| By opening the bleeder valve on the ___ of the intake valve, the air can be forced out of the hose through the bleeder as the line fills with water | line side |
| NFPA 1901 requires some type of pressure control device to be part of ay fire apparatus pumping system. The device must be operated within ___ to___ after the discharge pressure rises and must not allow the pressure to exceed ___ above sea level | 3 to 10 seconds, 30 psi |
| There are two basic concepts for pressure relief valves. | those that relieve excess pressure on the discharge side and those tat relieve excess pressure on the intake side of the pump |
| One of the most common relief valve types uses a | spring controlled pilot valve |
| ____ are intended to reduce the possibility of damage to the pump and discharge hoselines caused by water hammer when valves / nozzles are closed too quickly | Intake pressure relief valves |
| it is generally recommended that intake relief valves be set to open when the intake pressure rises more that ___ above the desired operating pressure | 10 psi |
| The main feature of a pressure governor is that | it regulates the power output of the engine to match pump discharge requirements |
| Successfully drafting water depends upon the ability to create a ___ within the pump and the intake hose that exists in the atmosphere. | lower pressure |
| Primers fall into 3 categories ___,__,___ | positive displacement, exhaust, and vacuum |
| Most modern fire apparatus use ___ primers | positive displacement |
| Most fire depts specify and most manufactures use ___ to drive rotary vane priming pumps | electric motors |
| Many conventional primers use an ___ or some other type of fluid | oil supply |
| The operating manual for the fire pump or apparatus should specify the desirable engine speed for priming, but in general it should be operated with an engine rpm around ____ to ___ | 1000 to 1200 |
| The simplest type of primer | vacuum primer |
| NFPA 1901 requires the following 12 controls and instruments be located on the pump operators panel | 1. Master pump intake 2 master pump discharge 3. engine tachometer 4. Pump engine coolant temp 5. engine oil pressure 6. Voltmeter 7. Discharge valves 8. Engine throttle 9. Primer control 10. tank to pump valve 11. tank fill valve 12. water tank level |
| Although not required by NFPA 1901, it is recommended that a pumping engine ___ be located on the pump operators panel | fuel gauge |
| The master intake gauge some times referred to as the ____ or ___ gauge | vacuum or compound |
| The master intake gauge must be capable of measuring either positive pressure or a vacuum. This gauge is usually calibrated from ___ to ___ psi positive pressure and from __ to ___ inches of mercury on the negative side | 0 to 600, 0 to 30 inches |
| As the vacuum reading approaches ___ inches, the pump is near its max capacity and is not able to supply any additional lines | 20 inches |
| The master intake gauge also provides an indication of the ___ when the pump is operating from a hydrant or is receiving water though a supply line from another pump | residual pressure |
| A master pump discharge pressure gauge is also required on a pumper. It must be calibrated to measure ___ psi unless the pumper is equipped to supply high pressure fog streams in which case the gauge may be calibrated up to ___ | 600 psi , up to 1,000 psi |
| NFPA 1901 allows ___ readouts to substitute for individual pressure discharge gauges | flowmeter |
| The most common throttle used on the pump panel is the type of knob that turns. This throttle knob also called a ____ | vernier |
| The most reliable way to ensure that the water tank is full is to | visually check it during the routine daily inspection |
| There are two types of auxiliary coolers commonly found on older apparatus ____ and ___ | the marine type and the immersion type |
Created by:
turneyj