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Hematology Test 2
End of chapter questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The progression of erythropoiesis from prenatal life to adulthood is | yolk sac-->liver and spleen-->red bone marrow |
| Name 3 characteristics of erythropoietin | glycoprotein, secreted by liver, secreted by kidneys |
| The maturational sequence of an erythrocyte is (the 'cyte' nomenclature) | rubriblast--prorubricyte--rubricyte--metarubricyte--reticulocyte |
| The maturational sequence of an erythrocyte is (the 'blast' nomenclature) | pronormoblast--basophilic normoblast--polychromatic normoblast--orthochromatic normoblast--reticulocyte |
| What is teh immature erythrocyte found in the bone marrow with the following characteristics: 12 to 17 um in diameter, N:C of 4:1, nucleoli not usually apparent, and basophilic cytoplasm? | prorubricyte (basophilic normoblast) |
| The nucleated erythrocyte with a reddish pink cytoplasm and condensed chromatin pattern is a | metarubricyte (orthochromatic normoblast) |
| With a normal diet, an erythrocyte remains in the reticulocyte stage in the circulating blood for how many days? | 1 day |
| In a Wright-stained peripheral blood film, the reticulocyte will have a blue appearance. This is referred to as ___ | polychromatophilia |
| In the reticulocyte stage of erythrocytic development, name three things that happen. | RNA is catabolized, robosomes disentegrate, and full hemoglobinization of the cell occurs |
| On a Wright-stained peripheral blood smear, stress or shift reticulocytes are what size? | larger than normal reticulocytes |
| The normal range for reticulocytes in adults is | .5%-2% |
| If a male patient has a reticulocyte count of 5.0% and a packed cell volume of .45 L/L, what is his corrected reticulocyte count? | 5.0% |
| What chains do normal adult hemoglobins have? | two alpha and two beta |
| The number of heme groups in a hemoglobin molecule is | 4 |
| Increased amounts of 2,3-DPG (increase or decrease) the oxygen affinity of the hemoglobin molecule? | decrease |
| After a molecule of hemoblobin gains the first two oxygen molecules, the molecule | expels 2,3-DPG |
| If normal adult (A1) and fetal hemoglobin F are compared, fetal hemoglobin has ____ affinity for oxygen? | a greater |
| Oxyhemogloin is a _____ than deoxyhemoglovin. | stronger acid |
| Heme is synthesized predominantly in the | liver and red bone marrow |
| The final steps of heme synthesis, including the formation of protoporphyrin, take place in | mitochondria |
| An acquired disorder of heme synthesis is | lead poisoning |
| The protein responsible for the transport of iron in hemoglobin synthesis is | transferrin |
| If globin synthesis is insufficient in a person, iron accumulates in the cell's ____ as ____ aggregates. | cytoplasm, ferritin |
| Increased erythropoietin production in secondary polycythemia can be caused by | chronic lung disease, smoking, renal neoplasms |
| Relative polycythemia exists when | the plasma volume is decreased |
| Which of the following is characteristic of megaloblastic maturation? | nuclear maturation lags behind cytoplasmic maturation |
| When porphyrin synthesis is impaired, the ____ become encrusted with ____. | mitochondria, iron |
| Which hemoglobin type is the major type present in a normal adult? | A |
| The acid denaturation test detects the presence of hemoglobin __ | F |
| Two alpha and two delta chains | A2 |
| Zeta chains and either epsilon or gamma chains | embryonic |
| Two alpha and two beta chains | A |
| two alpha and two gamma chains | F |
| Fetal hemoglobin persists until | several months after birth |
| Two true statements about the erythrocytic cytoplasmic contents | high in potassium ion, contains glucose and enzymes necessary for glycolysis |
| The Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway uses __% of the erythrocyte's total glucose. | 90 |
| The Embden-Meyerhof pathway net gain of ATP provides high energy phosphates to | maintain membrane lipids, power cation pump, preserve the shape and flexibility of the cellular membrane |
| If a defect in the oxidative pathway occurs, what will result? | insufficient amounts of reduced glutathione, denaturation of globin, precipitation of Heinz bodies |
| The function of the methemoglobin reductase pathway is to | prevent oxidation of heme iron |
| The Luebering-Rapoport pathway | permits teh accumulation of 2,3-DPG |
| As the erythrocyte ages, | membrane becomes less flexible, cellular hemoglobin increases, enzyme activity decreases |
| Erythrocytic catabolism produces the disassembling of hemoglobin followed by | iron transported in the plasma by transferrin, globin catabolized in the liver, bilirubin formed from opened porphyrin ring |
| True statements of the intravascular destruction of erythrocytes | accounts for less than 10% of normal breakdown, hemoglobin is released directly into blood, alpha and beta dimers are bound to haptoglobin |
| The upper limit of the reference range of hemoglobin in an adult male is | 14 to 18 g/dL |
| Packed cell volume (hematocrit) / erythrocyte count (x10^12/L)=fL is the formula for | MCV |
| Hemoglobin / packed cell volume (hematocrit) = g/dL is the formula for | MCHC |
| Hemoglobin / erythroctye count (x10^12/L)= pg is the formula for | MCH |
| Normal value for MCV | 80-96 fL |
| Normal value for MCH | 27-32 pg |
| Normal value for MCHC | 32-36 g/dL |
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robinly1