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Substance Abuse Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychoactive Drug | drug compounds (substances) that affects the central nervous system and alter consciousness and/or perceptions |
| Designer Drugs | new drugs that are developed by people intending to circumvent the illegality of a drug by modifying a drug into a new compound (Ecstasy) |
| Experimenter user | first category of drug user; typified as being in the initial stages of drug use, use drugs for recreational purposes |
| Compulsive User | second category of drug user, typified by an insatiable attraction followed by a psychological dependence |
| Floaters or Chippers | 3rd category of drug user: vacillate between need for pleasure seeking and desire to relive moderate to serious psychological problems |
| 2 categories of floaters/chippers | 1. generally focus mostly on using other people's drugs (often w/o maintaining a personal supply of the drug). 2. Vacillation b/w the characteristics of chronic drug users and experimenter types. |
| Licit Drugs | legalized drugs such as coffee, alcohol, and tobacco |
| Illicit Drugs | illegal drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and LSD |
| Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers released by nervous (nerve) cells for communication with other cells |
| Side Effects | unintended drug responses |
| Withdrawal | unpleasant effects that occur when use of a drug is stopped |
| Dose-Response Relationship | correlation between the amount of a drug given and its effect. |
| Therapeutic Index | Ratio between the toxic dose and the therapeutic dose of a drug used as a measure of the relative safety of the drug for a particular treatment. |
| Magic Bullet | perfect drug to cure a disease w/no danger of side effects. |
| Potency | amount of drug necessary to cause an effect. |
| Toxicity | capacity of one drug to damage or cause adverse effects in the body. |
| Additive Interaction | effects created when drugs are similar and actions are added together |
| Synergistic Effect | Increased intensity caused by the combination of two substances on an organism. |
| Antagonistic Interaction | effects created when drugs cancel one another. |
| PharmacoKinetics | study of factors that influence the distribution and combination of drugs in the body. |
| Threshold Dose | minimum dose (drug) necessary to cause effect |
| Plateau Effect | maximum drug effect, regardless of dose |
| Teratogenic Effect | consequences of consuming a harmful substance, which causes physical defects in a fetus |
| Paradoxical or Rebound Effect | unexpected effects-rebound= form of withdrawal--> paradoxical effects that occur when a drug has been eliminated from the body |
| Placebo Effect | effects caused by suggestion and psychological factors independent of the pharmacological activity of a drug. |
| Effective dose | quantity of a drug that will produce the effects for which it is given |
| Metabolism | chemical alteration of drugs by body processes. |
| Homeostasis | maintenance of internal stability; often biochemical in nature |
| Neurons | specialized nerve cells that make up the nervous system and release transmitters |
| Axon | an extension of the neuronal cell body along which electrochemical signals travel. |
| Receptor | special protein in a membrane that are activated by natural substances or drugs to alter cell function. |
| Synapse | site of communication between a message-sending neuron and its message-receiving target cell. |
| Dendrites | short branches of neurons that receive transmitter signals. |
| Agnostic Effect | type of substance that activates a receptor |
| Antagonistic Effect | type of substance that blocks a receptor |
| Autonomic Effect | unconscious functions of the body. |
| Endocrine System | relating to hormones, their functions and sources |
| Hormones | chemical messenger released into the blood by glands. |
| In what way do we begin to experience with altering our consciousness? | "Spinning and Whirling" --try something for the first time to get a "buzz" |
| Norman Miller defines addiction by what 3 characteristics: | 1. Pre-Occupation 2. Compulsion 3. Relapse |
| What is the name of the large-scaled drug abuse collection designed as an early warning indicator of the nation's drug abuse problem? | Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) |
| What is the difference b/w therapeutic and recreational drugs? | Therapeutic drugs are used to treat, cure, or preserve health. Recreational drugs are used experimentally or socially. |
| What are the 2 major reasons individuals use drugs? | 1. reduce pain/discomfort 2. increase pleasure |
| What 2 factors correlate with drug use? | 1. Availability 2. Opportunity for use |
| Which pharmacological revolution included the use of vaccines? | The FIRST revolution: the use of vaccines to control Communicable disease |
| What pharmacological revolution brought about a change in the public's view of the role of the hospital? | The SECOND revolution: introduction of antibiotics: sulfa drugs and Penicillin. Gave society faith in drugs as a cure. |
| Which pharmacological revolution included the introduction of a drug that acted on one's mind instead of the body? | Psycho pharmacology: Advent of minor tranquilizers to treat mental illness. |
| What was the first drug to be introduced for the reason of social convenience? | Oral Contraceptives |
| What are the 4 basic principles which apply to all psychoactive drugs? | 1. drugs are not good or bad 2. every drug has multiple effects 3. both quality and quantity of the drug have affect of the drug effects 4. effects of the drug depend on the history and expectation of the user. |
| The drug experience is a mix of what 3 ingredients? | 1. Drug 2. Set (mental state of the user) 3. Setting (physical/social environment) |
| What is the definition of a placebo effect? | A pharmoacolgoically inactive substance that the user thinks causes some therapeutic effect ("fake drug") |
| What are the two theories that explain the placebo effect? | 1. production of endorphins 2. extra stress allows the body to heal |
| What is the name of the test used to test the effectiveness of the placebo effect? | Double-Blind Test (drug user & administrator have no idea) |
| What is the fastest route of drug administration? | Inhalation (snorting)--> b/c sinus cavity near your brain. |
| What is a body orifice and an example of a drug delivered via a body orifice? | Body orifice=any body "opening" (nose, mouth, anus) drug=Rectal Suppository |
| What is an example of a drug administered intranasal? | Nasal decongestants/ migraine meds |
| What is an example of an implantable drug? | Insulin pump or Implanton (used for birth control) |
| What is an example of a transdermal drug? | Nitroglycerin patch (for heart) or Nicotene Patch--> directly through skin into blood stream |
| What are the 3 basic patterns of drug users? | 1. Experimenters 2. Compulsive Users 3. Floaters/Chippers |
Created by:
mprice5240