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Chemistry 5 Mizuki
Friggin definitions...
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Effloresce | To lose water of hydration; the process occurs when the hydrate has a vapor pressure higher than that of water vapor in the air. |
| Solvation | A process that occurs when an ionic solute dissolves; in solution, solvent molecules surround the positive and negative ions |
| Solute | Dissolved particles in a solution |
| Solvent | The dissolving medium in a solution |
| Surfactants | Any substance that interferes with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and thereby reduces surface tension; soaps and detergents are surfactants. |
| Desiccants | A hygroscopic substance used as a drying agent |
| Colloids | A mixture whose particles are intermediate in size between those of suspension and a solute solution |
| Hygroscopic | A term describing salts and other compounds that remove moisture from the air.\ |
| Aqueous | Water that contains dissolved substances |
| Nonelectrolytes | A compound that does not conduct an electric current in aqueous solution or in the molten state |
| Liquids that have strong intermolecular attraction have what kind of surface tension? | High Surface Tension |
| Why does ice float on water? | |
| What is the difference between solvent and solute? | |
| Why do ionic compounds dissolve more easily? | Because of free floating ions. |
| Colligative Properties | A property of solution that depends only upon the number of solute particles, and not upon their identities; boiling-point elevation, freezing-point depression, and vapor-pressure lowering are colligative properties |
| Henry's Law | At a given temperature the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid |
| Boiling Point Elevation | The difference in temperature between the boiling point of a solution and the boiling point of the pure solvent |
| Supersaturated Solution | A solution that contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature; excess solute precipitates if a seed crystal is added |
| Molality | The concentration of solute in a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kilogram (100 g) of solvent |
| Saturated Solution | A solution containing the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at a constant temperature and pressure; an equilibrium exists between undissolved solute and ions in solution |
| Molarity | The concentration of solute in a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution |
| Miscible | Describes liquids that dissolve in one another in all proportions |
| Electrolytes | A compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or in the molten state; all ionic compounds are electrolytes, but most covalent compounds are not |
| Homogeneous | A mixture that is uniform in composition; components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguished |
| Heterogeneous | A mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed and not easily distinguished |
| Suspension | A mixture from which some of the particles settle out slowly upon standing |
| Solution | A homogeneous mixture; consists of solutes dissolved in solvent |
| Brownian Motion | The chaotic movement of colloidal particles, caused by collision with particles of the solvent in which they are dispersed |
| Tyndall Effect | Scattering of light particles in a colloid or suspension, which causes a beam of light to become visible |
| Emulsion | The colloidal dispersion of one liquid in another |
| Deliquescence | Describes a substance that removes sufficient water from the air to form a solution; the solution formed has a lower vapor pressure than that of the water in the air |
| Freezing Point Depression | The difference in temperature between the freezing point of a solution and the freezing point of the pure solvent |
| Concentration | A measurement of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent; usually expressed as mol/L |
| 3 Factors That Affect Dissolution | |
| What increases Solubility? | |
| Mole Fraction |
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