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Phys Electricity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| smallest particle of matter that retains all properties of matter | atoms |
| positive, can't move | protons |
| no charge, can't move | neutrons |
| negative, can move, in electricity | electrons |
| objects with no net charge | electrically neutral |
| accumulation of excess electric charge on an object | static electricity |
| charge can be transferred from object to object, but it cannot be created or destroyed | law of conservation of charge |
| unlike charges ____ | attract |
| like charges ____ | repel |
| a material in which electrons are able to move easily | electrical conductor |
| a material in which electrons are not able to move easily | electrical insulator |
| the process of transferrring charge by touching or rubbing | charging by contact |
| a transfer and release of charges between two objects because of a buildup of static electricity | static electricity |
| connecting an object to earth with a conductor | grounding |
| detects the presence of electric charges | electroscope |
| the force that causes electric charges to flow | voltage difference |
| metal (usually zing) surrounding moist chemical paste with a carbon rod in the center ex. AA, D, C | dry-cell batteries |
| contains two connected plates made of different metals or metallic compounds in a conducting solution | wet-cell batteries |
| the tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons | resistance |
| resistance is measured in ____ | ohms |
| a closed path that electric currents follow | circuit |
| where the current only has one loop to flow through | series circuit |
| what kind of circuits are in flashlights and some holiday lights? | series circuit |
| a device that can open or close a circuit | switch |
| when a switch is ____, electricity can flow | closed |
| when a switch is ____, electricity cannot flow | open |
| when part of a series circuit is disconnected or when a switch is "off" | open circuit |
| when electricity can flow or when a switch is "on" | closed circuit |
| contains two or more branches for current to move through | parallel circuit |
| a small piece of metal that melts if the current becomes too high | electrical fuse |
| contains a piece of metal that bends when the current in it is so large that it gets hot | circuit breaker |
| the current in a circuit = the voltage difference / by the result | ohms law |
| the rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy | electric power |
| refers to the properties and interactions of magnets | magnetism |
| only metals able to be attracted to magnets or can be made into permanent magnets easily | nickel, iron, cobalt |
| where the magnetic force exerted by the magnet is strongest | magnetic poles |
| groups of atoms with aligned magnetic poles | magnetic domains |
| acts as a magnet only in the presence of a magnetic field | temporary magnet |
| an object which stays magnetized for a long time | permanent magnet |
| what are the ways you can lose permanent magnetism? | 1. heating 2. struck with hard object 3. time 4. changed by other magnetic fields |
| force on other magnets and objects made of magnetic materials -strongest close, weakest farther away | magnetic field |
| what happens when you break a magnet in half? | two new magnets are made |
| he found that electricity and magnetism are related | Han Christian Oersted |
| a temporary magnet made by wrapping a wire coil carrying a current around an iron core | electromagnet |
| what are solenoids used for? | speakers, gauges (galvonometers), starters, large magnets for junkyards, computer storage disks |
| gauges which are devices that use an electromagnet to measure electric currents | galvanometers |
| how does an electric motor work? | changes electrical energy into mechanical energy |
| they found that moving a loop of wire through a magnetic field caused an electric current to flow in the wire | Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry |
| the generation of an electric current by a changing magnetic field | electromagnetic induction |
| how does a generator work? | changes mechanical energy into electrical |
| a large wheel that rotates when pushed by water, wind, or steam | turbine |
| flows only in one direction through a wire -batteries | Direct Current (DC) |
| reverses the direction of the current in a regular pattern -home outlets | Alternate Current (AC) |
| how many volts come out of your outlets in your home? | 120 V and 240 V |
| a device that increases or decreases the voltage of an alternating current | transformer |
| decreases the voltage | step-down transformer |
| increases the voltage | step-up transformer |
| resistance is measure in? | ohms |
| electric charge that has accumulated on an object is referred to as ____? | static electricity |
| how is static discharge and an electric current different? | static electricity only lasts for a fraction of a second |
| if the leaves of an electroscope spread apart, it indicates that ____ | the leaves of the electroscope have received a charge |
| lightning is ____ | a large discharge of static electricity |
| this type of batter is a source of constant electric current | dry cell |
| a device designed to open an overloaded circuit and prevent overheating | circuit breaker |
| a switch that reerces the direction of the current in a motor is a ____ | commutator |
| a device that uses an electromagnet to measure electric current is a ____ | galvanometer |
| the current that flows in an electric circuit carries ____ | electrical energy |
| the atoms in a magnet are ____ | aligned according to magnetic fields |
Created by:
Natacham