Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
anatomy ch2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The smallest stable units of matter are | atoms |
| The "atomic number" of an atom is determined by the number of __ it has | protons |
| The "atomic weight" of an atom reflect the average number of | protons+ neutrons+ electrons |
| One mole of any element | has the same number of atoms |
| The nucleus of an atom consists of | protons + neutrons |
| Isotopes of an element differ in the number of | neutrons in the nucleus |
| The mass number represents the number of | protons + neutrons |
| The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to __ electrons | 2 |
| Radioisotopes have unstable | nuclei |
| By weight, which element is the most plentiful in the human body? | Oxygen |
| Indicated which of these lists contains only trace elements | Silicon, fluorine, tin |
| The atomic number represents the number of | protons in an atom |
| Helium (He) has an atomic number 2. It is chemically stable because it | has a full outer electron shell |
| Which element commonly has only a proton as its nucleus? | Hydrogen |
| By weight, which element is the second most abundant in the human body? | Carbon |
| The mass of an atom is largely determined by the number of __ it has | protons + neutrons |
| If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is | 18 |
| If an element is composed of atoms with an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14, then a neutral atom of this element contains | 6 protons and 8 electrons |
| The molecule NO is known as | Nitric oxide |
| The molecule CO2 is known as | carbon dioxide |
| The molecule H2 is known as | Hydrogen |
| When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms unite as a result of the opposite charges, | an ionic bond is formed |
| Magnesium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell. As a result, you would expect magnesium to form ions with a charge of | +2 |
| Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is false? | Hydrogen bonds are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged atoms. |
| The molecule O2 is known as | Oxygen |
| H2O is an example of a | compound |
| Which of the following is not a cation? | Cl- |
| A dust particle floating on a water surface illustrates | surface tension |
| In an aqueous solution, cations are attracted toward | anions |
| In an aqueous solution, sodium would move toward | a negative terminal |
| The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by | The outermost electron shell |
| Ions with a + charge are called | cations |
| The weakest bond between two atoms is the __ bond | hydrogen |
| When atoms complete their outer shell by sharing electrons, they form | covalent bonds |
| Ionic bonds are formed when | an electron or electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. |
| If a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, a __ occurs | polar covalent bond |
| Elements that have atoms with full outer shells of electrons | are inert gases |
| Ions in an ionic molecule are held together due to | The attraction of opposite electrical charges |
| An unequal sharing of electron results in what type of chemical bonds? | Polar covalent |
| Sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11. How many electrons are in the outer electron shell of a neutral sodium atom? | 1 |
| Oxygen( atomic number 8) requires how many additional electrons to fill its outer electron shell? | 2 |
| The formula for methane gas is CH4. What does the formula 4CH4 represent? | 4 molecules, each containing a carbon and 4 hydrogen atoms |
| In an ionic bond, the electron donor is the __ whereas the electron acceptor is the __ | cation; anion |
| In a molecule of nitrogen, three pairs of electrons are shared by two nitrogen atoms. The type of bond that is formed is an example of a | triple covalent bond |
| In chemical notation, the symbol Ca2+ means ___ | a calcium ion that has lost two electrons |
| Magnesium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell and chlorine atoms have seven. The compound magnesium chloride would contain | 1 magnesium and 2 chlorine |
| AB -> A+B is to decomposition as A+B->AB is to | synthesis |
| The reaction N2 +3H2-> 2NH3 is an example of a | synthesis reaction |
| The reaction A+B+ energy->AB in an example | endergonic reaction |
| In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with | water, causing decomposition |
| Which one of the following statements is not correct about the reaction H2+Cl2->2HCl? | This reaction is easily reversible |
| In dehydration synthesis reactions, compounds | lose water molecules |
| In the reaction listed below, what coefficient needs to be added to balance the equation? 6CO2+6H2O->C6H12O6+_____O2 | 6 |
| Chemical reactions that yield energy, such as heat, are said to be | exergonic |
| All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except that they | are consumed during the reaction |
| Compounds that can be synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside the body are called | metabolites |
| Each of the following is an example of an inorganic compound, except | carbohydrates |
| Identify which of the following is both an anion and a compound: | HCO3- |
| Nonpolar organic molecules are good examples of | hydrophobic compounds |
| During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a salt to produce a mixture of ions. These ions can carry a current and so are called | electrolytes |
| Oppositely charged ions in solution are prevented from combining by | hydration spheres |
| An example of an inorganic substance is | water and carbon dioxide |
| Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with | water molecules |
| Which of the following statements about water is not correct? | It has a relatively low heat capacity |
| Which property of water helps keeps body temperature stabilized? | Thermal Inertia |
| Of the list below, which has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions? | pH14 |
| Which pH is closest to normal body pH? | pH7 |
| A___ removes hydrogen ions and a ___ releases hydrogen ions. | base; acid |
| An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can | break chemical bonds, disrupt tissue functions, change body fluid pH, change the shape of large complex molecules, rendering them nonfunctional |
| A solution containing equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is | neutral |
| The chemical notation that indicates concentration is represented as | [] |
| If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is | alkaline |
| Which pH of the following is the most acidic? | pH 1 |
| Which pH of the following is the least acidic? | pH 6 |
| An important buffer in body fluids is | NaHCO3 |
| Which of the following substances would be most acidic? | Stomach secretions, pH = 1 |
| Of the following choices, the pH of the least acidic solutions is | 12.0 |
| Which has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a substance with a pH of 4 ? | A pH of 4 is greater. |
| In the body, inorganic compounds | can serve as buffers |
| When placed in water, an inorganic compound dissociates 99 percent, forming hydrogen ions and anions. This compound would be | a strong acid |
| When a small amount of HCL or NaOH is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution barely changes. Based on these observations, all of the following are true concerning the compound Na2HPO4, except | Na2HPO4 absorbs excess H+ and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure |
| Carbohydrates, lipids, and protein are classified as | organic molecules |
| A functional group is best described as reoccurring clusters of | atoms that greatly influence the chemical properties of molecules they are part of. |
| Artificial sweeteners | are usually not broken down by the body |
| Fructose is | a hexose. a carbohydrate. found in male reproductive fluids. an isomer of glucose. |
| Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are called | isomers |
| The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is | glucose |
| A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is | glycogen |
| The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a near 1:2:1 ratio is defined as a | carbohydrate |
| An example of an organic substance is | sucrose |
| Carbohydrate molecules | are the body's most readily available source of energy |
| When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis, | a disaccharide is formed |
| To bond two monomers together, a molecule of water must be ___ to/(from) from monomers. This process is called___ | removed; dehydration synthesis |
| Lipids | cushion organs against shocks. provide a significant energy reserve. help to maintain body temperature. form essential structural components of cells |
| A fatty acid that contains two or more double covalent bonds is said to be | polyunsaturated |
| Alaska Natives have a lower incidence of heart disease even though their diets are high in fat and cholesterol. This may be due to the large amount of ___ in their diets | omega-3 fatty acids |
| Which of the following is/are needed to form a triglyceride molecule? | 3 fatty acid molecule and 1 glycerol molecule |
| A shortage of steroids in the body would result in a shortage of | sex hormones and plasma membrane |
| Most of the fat found in the human body is in the form of | triglycerides |
| Lipids that are produced by nearly every tissue in the body and act as local regulators are the | prostaglandins |
| Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids are examples of | structural lipids |
| A fatty acid with no double bonds between carbon atom is | saturated |
| Lipids are composed of fatty acids and | glycerol |
| The monomers of protein are | amino acids |
| Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the __ site | active |
| You would expect a peptide bond to link | two amino acids |
| Each amino acid differs from another in the | nature of the side chain |
| The term ____ means each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction. | specificity |
| A side chain on an amino acid is sometimes called | an R group |
| The alpha-helix and pleated sheet are examples of ___ protein structure | secondary |
| Interaction between individual polypeptide chains to form a protein complex is ___ structure | quaternary |
| Glycoproteins and proteoglycans are combinations of amino acids and | carbohydrates |
| Which of the following is the symbol for an amino group | -NH2 |
| The maximum rate of an enzyme reaction occurs at | saturation limit |
| How would the lack of a cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme's function? | the enzyme would not be able to function |
| An example of an organic substance is: | lipids, nucleic acid, and protein |
| Molecules that store and process genetic information are the | nucleic acids |
| An amino acid is to protein as ___ is to nucleic acid | a nucleotide |
| A nucleotide consists of | a five- carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group |
| According to the rules of complementary base pairing in nucleic acids, cytosine would pair with the base | guanine |
| Adenine and guanine are | purines represented by A and G |
| The structure of RNA differs form DNA in that | the backbone of RNA contains ribose |
| The most abundant high-energy compound in cells is | adenosine triphosphate |
| A high-energy bond in ATP is present | between phosphate groups 1 and 2 and between phosphate groups 2 and 3 |
| The phosphorylation of adenosine forms | AMP |
| Identify the product formed from the phosphorylation of ADP | adenosine triphosphate |
| AMP+P-> | ADP |
| The average time between synthesis and breakdown is known as the ___ time | turnover |
| Muscle proteins are destroyed after 17 days and then replaced. This is an example of | metabolic turnover |
| Continuous breakdown and replacement of cellular molecules is termed | metabolic turnover |
| A __ is a pure substance composed of atoms of only one kind | element |
| The center of an atom is called | nucleus |
| Electrons whirl around the center of the atom at high speed, forming an ___ | electron cloud |
| Electrons in an atom occupy an orderly series of electron shells or ___ | energy levels |
| The actual mass of an atom is known as its ___ ___ | atomic weight |
| Atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons, are called | isotopes |
| The ___ of a radioactive substance is the time required for 50 percent of a given amount of radioisotope to decay | Half-life |
| Ions with a positive charge are called | cations |
| Ions with negative charge are called | anions |
| Kinetic energy is stored as ___ energy when a spring is stretched | potential |
| Chemical reactions that release energy are called | exergonic |
| Chemical reactions that absorb energy are called | endergonic |
| The three familiar states of matter are solid, liquids and | gases |
| Chemical reactions that occur in the body are accelerated by | enzymes |
| In living cells, complex metabolic reactions proceed in a series of steps called ___ | pathway |
| Compounds that contain carbon as the primary structural atom are called___ molecules | organic |
| Compounds that do not usually contain carbon as the primary structural atom are called___ molecules | inorganic |
| A ___ is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute | solution |
| Soluble inorganic compounds whose solutions will conduct an electric current are called | electrolytes |
| Molecules that do not readily interact with water are called | hydrophobic |
| The ___ of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration expressed in moles per liter | pH |
| All fatty acids contain a functional group at one end called the___ | carboxylic acid group |
| In water, phospholipids tend to form tiny droplets with hydrophobic tails buried inside called ____ | micelles |
| Molecules with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group that form biological membranes are called | phospholipids |
| Individual steroids differ in the ___ attached to the carbon rings | side chains |
| The molecule DNA contains a five-carbon sugar called | droxyribose |
| The purines found in DNA are ___ and guanine | Adenine |
| The pyrimidine base found in DNA are ___ and cytosine | thymine |
| The three structural components of a nucleotide are a pentose, a phosphate group, and a __ base | nitrogenous |
| A ___ is a covalent bond that stores an unusually large amount of energy | high-energy bond |
| In the process of ___ a phosphate group is transferred to a molecule | phosphorylation |
| The hydrolysis of ATP yields ADP, phosphate ion, and ____ | energy |
Created by:
zuzelbarrera