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anatomy ch2

Question	Answer
The smallest stable units of matter are	atoms
The "atomic number" of an atom is determined by the number of __ it has	protons
The "atomic weight" of an atom reflect the average number of	protons+ neutrons+ electrons
One mole of any element	has the same number of atoms
The nucleus of an atom consists of	protons + neutrons
Isotopes of an element differ in the number of	neutrons in the nucleus
The mass number represents the number of	protons + neutrons
The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to __ electrons	2
Radioisotopes have unstable	nuclei
By weight, which element is the most plentiful in the human body?	Oxygen
Indicated which of these lists contains only trace elements	Silicon, fluorine, tin
The atomic number represents the number of	protons in an atom
Helium (He) has an atomic number 2. It is chemically stable because it	has a full outer electron shell
Which element commonly has only a proton as its nucleus?	Hydrogen
By weight, which element is the second most abundant in the human body?	Carbon
The mass of an atom is largely determined by the number of __ it has	protons + neutrons
If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is	18
If an element is composed of atoms with an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14, then a neutral atom of this element contains	6 protons and 8 electrons
The molecule NO is known as	Nitric oxide
The molecule CO2 is known as	carbon dioxide
The molecule H2 is known as	Hydrogen
When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms unite as a result of the opposite charges,	an ionic bond is formed
Magnesium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell. As a result, you would expect magnesium to form ions with a charge of	+2
Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is false?	Hydrogen bonds are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged atoms.
The molecule O2 is known as	Oxygen
H2O is an example of a	compound
Which of the following is not a cation?	Cl-
A dust particle floating on a water surface illustrates	surface tension
In an aqueous solution, cations are attracted toward	anions
In an aqueous solution, sodium would move toward	a negative terminal
The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by	The outermost electron shell
Ions with a + charge are called	cations
The weakest bond between two atoms is the __ bond	hydrogen
When atoms complete their outer shell by sharing electrons, they form	covalent bonds
Ionic bonds are formed when	an electron or electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.
If a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, a __ occurs	polar covalent bond
Elements that have atoms with full outer shells of electrons	are inert gases
Ions in an ionic molecule are held together due to	The attraction of opposite electrical charges
An unequal sharing of electron results in what type of chemical bonds?	Polar covalent
Sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11. How many electrons are in the outer electron shell of a neutral sodium atom?	1
Oxygen( atomic number 8) requires how many additional electrons to fill its outer electron shell?	2
The formula for methane gas is CH4. What does the formula 4CH4 represent?	4 molecules, each containing a carbon and 4 hydrogen atoms
In an ionic bond, the electron donor is the __ whereas the electron acceptor is the __	cation; anion
In a molecule of nitrogen, three pairs of electrons are shared by two nitrogen atoms. The type of bond that is formed is an example of a	triple covalent bond
In chemical notation, the symbol Ca2+ means ___	a calcium ion that has lost two electrons
Magnesium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell and chlorine atoms have seven. The compound magnesium chloride would contain	1 magnesium and 2 chlorine
AB -> A+B is to decomposition as A+B->AB is to	synthesis
The reaction N2 +3H2-> 2NH3 is an example of a	synthesis reaction
The reaction A+B+ energy->AB in an example	endergonic reaction
In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with	water, causing decomposition
Which one of the following statements is not correct about the reaction H2+Cl2->2HCl?	This reaction is easily reversible
In dehydration synthesis reactions, compounds	lose water molecules
In the reaction listed below, what coefficient needs to be added to balance the equation? 6CO2+6H2O->C6H12O6+_____O2	6
Chemical reactions that yield energy, such as heat, are said to be	exergonic
All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except that they	are consumed during the reaction
Compounds that can be synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside the body are called	metabolites
Each of the following is an example of an inorganic compound, except	carbohydrates
Identify which of the following is both an anion and a compound:	HCO3-
Nonpolar organic molecules are good examples of	hydrophobic compounds
During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a salt to produce a mixture of ions. These ions can carry a current and so are called	electrolytes
Oppositely charged ions in solution are prevented from combining by	hydration spheres
An example of an inorganic substance is	water and carbon dioxide
Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with	water molecules
Which of the following statements about water is not correct?	It has a relatively low heat capacity
Which property of water helps keeps body temperature stabilized?	Thermal Inertia
Of the list below, which has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions?	pH14
Which pH is closest to normal body pH?	pH7
A___ removes hydrogen ions and a ___ releases hydrogen ions.	base; acid
An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can	break chemical bonds, disrupt tissue functions, change body fluid pH, change the shape of large complex molecules, rendering them nonfunctional
A solution containing equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is	neutral
The chemical notation that indicates concentration is represented as	[]
If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is	alkaline
Which pH of the following is the most acidic?	pH 1
Which pH of the following is the least acidic?	pH 6
An important buffer in body fluids is	NaHCO3
Which of the following substances would be most acidic?	Stomach secretions, pH = 1
Of the following choices, the pH of the least acidic solutions is	12.0
Which has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a substance with a pH of 4 ?	A pH of 4 is greater.
In the body, inorganic compounds	can serve as buffers
When placed in water, an inorganic compound dissociates 99 percent, forming hydrogen ions and anions. This compound would be	a strong acid
When a small amount of HCL or NaOH is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution barely changes. Based on these observations, all of the following are true concerning the compound Na2HPO4, except	Na2HPO4 absorbs excess H+ and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure
Carbohydrates, lipids, and protein are classified as	organic molecules
A functional group is best described as reoccurring clusters of	atoms that greatly influence the chemical properties of molecules they are part of.
Artificial sweeteners	are usually not broken down by the body
Fructose is	a hexose. a carbohydrate. found in male reproductive fluids. an isomer of glucose.
Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are called	isomers
The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is	glucose
A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is	glycogen
The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a near 1:2:1 ratio is defined as a	carbohydrate
An example of an organic substance is	sucrose
Carbohydrate molecules	are the body's most readily available source of energy
When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis,	a disaccharide is formed
To bond two monomers together, a molecule of water must be ___ to/(from) from monomers. This process is called___	removed; dehydration synthesis
Lipids	cushion organs against shocks. provide a significant energy reserve. help to maintain body temperature. form essential structural components of cells
A fatty acid that contains two or more double covalent bonds is said to be	polyunsaturated
Alaska Natives have a lower incidence of heart disease even though their diets are high in fat and cholesterol. This may be due to the large amount of ___ in their diets	omega-3 fatty acids
Which of the following is/are needed to form a triglyceride molecule?	3 fatty acid molecule and 1 glycerol molecule
A shortage of steroids in the body would result in a shortage of	sex hormones and plasma membrane
Most of the fat found in the human body is in the form of	triglycerides
Lipids that are produced by nearly every tissue in the body and act as local regulators are the	prostaglandins
Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids are examples of	structural lipids
A fatty acid with no double bonds between carbon atom is	saturated
Lipids are composed of fatty acids and	glycerol
The monomers of protein are	amino acids
Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the __ site	active
You would expect a peptide bond to link	two amino acids
Each amino acid differs from another in the	nature of the side chain
The term ____ means each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction.	specificity
A side chain on an amino acid is sometimes called	an R group
The alpha-helix and pleated sheet are examples of ___ protein structure	secondary
Interaction between individual polypeptide chains to form a protein complex is ___ structure	quaternary
Glycoproteins and proteoglycans are combinations of amino acids and	carbohydrates
Which of the following is the symbol for an amino group	-NH2
The maximum rate of an enzyme reaction occurs at	saturation limit
How would the lack of a cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme's function?	the enzyme would not be able to function
An example of an organic substance is:	lipids, nucleic acid, and protein
Molecules that store and process genetic information are the	nucleic acids
An amino acid is to protein as ___ is to nucleic acid	a nucleotide
A nucleotide consists of	a five- carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
According to the rules of complementary base pairing in nucleic acids, cytosine would pair with the base	guanine
Adenine and guanine are	purines represented by A and G
The structure of RNA differs form DNA in that	the backbone of RNA contains ribose
The most abundant high-energy compound in cells is	adenosine triphosphate
A high-energy bond in ATP is present	between phosphate groups 1 and 2 and between phosphate groups 2 and 3
The phosphorylation of adenosine forms	AMP
Identify the product formed from the phosphorylation of ADP	adenosine triphosphate
AMP+P->	ADP
The average time between synthesis and breakdown is known as the ___ time	turnover
Muscle proteins are destroyed after 17 days and then replaced. This is an example of	metabolic turnover
Continuous breakdown and replacement of cellular molecules is termed	metabolic turnover
A __ is a pure substance composed of atoms of only one kind	element
The center of an atom is called	nucleus
Electrons whirl around the center of the atom at high speed, forming an ___	electron cloud
Electrons in an atom occupy an orderly series of electron shells or ___	energy levels
The actual mass of an atom is known as its ___ ___	atomic weight
Atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons, are called	isotopes
The ___ of a radioactive substance is the time required for 50 percent of a given amount of radioisotope to decay	Half-life
Ions with a positive charge are called	cations
Ions with negative charge are called	anions
Kinetic energy is stored as ___ energy when a spring is stretched	potential
Chemical reactions that release energy are called	exergonic
Chemical reactions that absorb energy are called	endergonic
The three familiar states of matter are solid, liquids and	gases
Chemical reactions that occur in the body are accelerated by	enzymes
In living cells, complex metabolic reactions proceed in a series of steps called ___	pathway
Compounds that contain carbon as the primary structural atom are called___ molecules	organic
Compounds that do not usually contain carbon as the primary structural atom are called___ molecules	inorganic
A ___ is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute	solution
Soluble inorganic compounds whose solutions will conduct an electric current are called	electrolytes
Molecules that do not readily interact with water are called	hydrophobic
The ___ of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration expressed in moles per liter	pH
All fatty acids contain a functional group at one end called the___	carboxylic acid group
In water, phospholipids tend to form tiny droplets with hydrophobic tails buried inside called ____	micelles
Molecules with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group that form biological membranes are called	phospholipids
Individual steroids differ in the ___ attached to the carbon rings	side chains
The molecule DNA contains a five-carbon sugar called	droxyribose
The purines found in DNA are ___ and guanine	Adenine
The pyrimidine base found in DNA are ___ and cytosine	thymine
The three structural components of a nucleotide are a pentose, a phosphate group, and a __ base	nitrogenous
A ___ is a covalent bond that stores an unusually large amount of energy	high-energy bond
In the process of ___ a phosphate group is transferred to a molecule	phosphorylation
The hydrolysis of ATP yields ADP, phosphate ion, and ____	energy

Created by: zuzelbarrera

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