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Phys Ch. 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The steeper the concentration gradient of a solute, the lower the osmotic pressure. T or F? | false |
| The sodium-potassium exchange pump transports __ (#) sodium ions out of the cell for every __ (#) potassium ions it transports into the cell. | 3, 2 |
| Osmosis is a type of __. | diffusion |
| __ processes do not require energy to move a substance in or out of a cell. | passive |
| All materials that enter or leave the cell must pass across the __ __. | plasma membrane |
| Which of the following is not found in the plasma membrane? A. receptors B. DNA C. transport proteins D. phospholipids | B. DNA |
| The 'coating of sugar' on the cell's surface is called the __. | glycocalyx |
| What are found in the cell membrane? | phospholipids, transport proteins, cholesterol |
| The tendency of molecules to move down their concentration gradient is __. | diffusion |
| Sodium ions move into the cell through __-mediated diffusion. | channel |
| Immune system cells differentiate healthy vs. unhealthy cells in the body by examining what part of the cell? | glycocalyx |
| What are some statements that describe enzymes? | they are proteins; they're important for metabolic activities of a cell; they are catalysts |
| Bulk transport refers to the movement of macromolecules across a selectively permeable membrane. There are two categories of bulk transport mechanisms, __ and __. | endocytosis and exocytosis |
| Because of the structure of the phospholipid bilayer, which molecules pass easily through it? | lipid molecules |
| Materials tend to move more rapidly when their concentrations are __ between two compartments. A. the same B. slightly different C. significantly different | C. significantly different |
| In active transport processes, materials often flow from a region of __ concentration of the material to a region of __ concentration of the same material. | lower, higher |
| Cell membranes can regulate the transport of materials into and out of the cell. Thus, cell membranes are said to be __ __. | selectively permeable |
| In the body, the movement of water between the blood and the extracellular fluid around cells occurs by the process of: | osmosis |
| Ligands are molecules released from one cell that bind to the receptor of another cell. What are the types of receptors that can bind ligands? | channel-linked, enzymatic, G protein-coupled |
| In passive transport processes, materials flow from a region of __ concentration of the material to a region of __ concentration of the same material. | higher, lower |
| Water molecules can pass through the phospholipid bilayer. T or F? | true |
| The plasma membrane is made up of three types of lipids: __, __, and __. | phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids |
| The plasma membrane allows certain substances to be transported into the cell by passive processes. These substances include __. | ions |
| __ diffusion occurs when substances move across cell membranes unaided because they are either small, non-polar, or both. | simple |
| If the inside of a cell has a net negative charge, which type of extracellular ion will be most attracted to the intracellular environment? | a positively charged ion |
| One of the main factors that influences membrane permeability is __ __. | molecular size |
| Some membrane proteins catalyze (speed up) the rate of metabolic reactions. These proteins are acting as __. | enzymes |
| __ proteins are not embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. | peripheral |
| Some membrane proteins are __ that change the rates of some metabolic reactions. | catalysts |
| Active transport mechanisms that move ions across a selectively permeable membrane are referred to as __ pumps. | ion |
| Active transport mechanisms that move one type of ion into the cell and another type of ion out of the cells are specifically called __ pumps. | antiport |
| Which substance moves most easily across the phospholipid bilayer? | fatty acids |
| __ __ opposes the movement of solutes by diffusion and prevents the distribution of dissolved substances from reaching equilibrium. A solute is moved across a plasma membrane against a concentration gradient during this process. | active transport |
| __ active transport uses energy derived directly from the breakdown of ATP. This breakdown also provides the phosphate group that is added to the transport protein, resulting in a change in protein's shape and the movement of a solute across the membrane. | primary |
| The addition of the phosphate to a protein is called __. | phosphorylation |
| Active transport proteins that move ions across the membrane are called __ __. | ion pumps |
| __ pump is a special type of ion pump. It is specifically called an exchange pump because it moves one ion into a cell against its concentration gradient, while moving another type of ion out of the cell against its concentration gradient. | Na+/K+ |
| __ pump can be thought of as a “dual pump.” The plasma membrane preserves steep concentration gradient differences for these ions by continuously exporting Na+ out of the cell and moving K+ into the cell. | Na+/K+ |
| The Na+/K+ pump is also called a __ because the protein pump is an enzyme that splits ATP. | Na+/K+ ATPase |
| One significant function of Na+/K+ pumps is to maintain an __ __, which is an electrical charge difference across the plasma membrane. | electricochemical gradient |
| __ active transport is also called coupled transport. It moves a substance against its concentration gradient using energy provided by the movement of a second substance down its specific concentration gradient through a channel. | secondary |
| __ transport is also called bulk transport. It involves energy input to transport large materials across the plasma membrane by a __ which is a membrane-bounded sac filled with materials. It is organized into processes of exocytosis and endocytosis. | vesicular, vesicle |
| Closed cellular structure within the cytoplasm surrounded by a single membrane. | vesicle |
| Process whereby secreting granules or droplets are released from a cell. | exocytosis |
| The means by which either large substances or large amounts of substances are secreted from the cell is called __. | exocytosis |
| Movement of substances from the extracellular environment into the cell through the formation of a vesicle. | endocytosis |
| The cellular uptake of large substances or large amounts of substances from the external environment into the cell is called __. | endocytosis |
| __ is used for the uptake of nutrients & extracellular debris for digestion, retrieval of memb. regions added to plasma memb. during exocytosis, & regulation of composition of memb. proteins to alter cellular processes (memb. transport & communication). | endocytosis |
| The three types of endocytosis include __, __, and __-__ __. They are differentiated based upon the specific material being transported and the mechanism involved. | phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| A form of endocytosis by which cells ingest and digest solid substances. | phagocytosis |
| A form of endocytosis by which cells ingest liquid. | pinocytosis |
Created by:
khinson