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Chapter 9 Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Photosynthesis | process where plants use chlorophyll |
| Chloroplast | Chlorophyll is found in a cell structure |
| Many plant cells contain carotenoids - red yellow or ____ pigments that are also used for photosynthesis. | orange |
| Scientists think plants probably evolved from this in the sea | green algae |
| fossils of early plants are similar to the _____ | ancient green algae |
| when plants moved to land they had to ________ to new conditions. | adapt |
| More sunlight and ____ were available. | carbon dioxide |
| Cuticle | a waxy protective layer secreted onto the surface of the plant which holds water in. |
| cellulose | a chemical compound that provides structure and support |
| to reproduce plants developed water resistant _____ and seeds | spores |
| vascular plants | use tubelike structures to carry water and nutrients throughout the plant |
| nonvascular plants | use other ways to move water and nutrients |
| nonvascular plants are very small and have ____ rather than roots | rhizoids |
| water is absorbed and distributed directly through | cell membranes |
| grow in ___ environments | damp |
| reproduce by _____ rather than seeds | spores |
| mosses | green, leaflike growths arranged around a central stalk |
| liverworts | flattened leaflike bodies |
| hornworts | have only one chloroplast in each of their cells |
| frequently pioneer species | organisms that are the first to grow in new or distributed areas and which change environmental conditions |
| seedless vascular plants | reproduce by spores but have vascular tissue that carries water and nutrients throughout the plant |
| have stems leaves and _____ | roots |
| fern leaves | called fronds |
| club mosses | needlelike mosses |
| horsetails | jointed stem with a hollow center |
| fuel | decaying seedless plants are compressed into peat and eventually coal |
| ferns | can be used for weaving material and basketry |
| seed plants have leaves stems roots and _____ | vascular tissue |
| reproduce by _____ which contain an embryo and stored food | seeds |
| leaves trap ________ and make food through photosynthesis | sunlight |
| epidermis | a thin layer of cells on the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf |
| stomata | small openings in the epidermis that allow carbon dioxide water and oxygen to enter and exit a leaf |
| each stomata is surrounded by two _________ that open and close | guard cells |
| palisade layer | contains chloroplasts where most food is made |
| stems allow the movement of materials between leaves and ____ | roots |
| usually ____ ground | above |
| ___ the branches leaves and flowers | support |
| may store _____ | food |
| herbaceous stems | soft and green |
| woody stems | hard rigid and woody |
| roots collect ___ and nutrients from the ground | water |
| roots _____ plants so they dont blow away | anchor |
| xylem tissue | transports water and minerals from the roots throughout the plant |
| phoem tissue | moves food from where it is made to other parts of the plant |
| cambium tissue | produces new xylem and phloem cells |
| gymnosperms | vascular plants that produce seeds that are not protected by fruit |
| ____ trees alive | oldest |
| gymnospores have no _____ | flowers |
| four divisions: | |
| conifers reproduce by male and female | cones |
| angiosperm | vascular plants that flower and have fruit that contains seeds |
| fruit developes from | flowers |
| moat fruit contains | seeds |
| monocots | have one cotyledon used for food storage inside their seeds |
| dicots | have two cotyledon inside their seeds |
| annual | the plants life cycle is completed in 1 year |
| biennial | plants life cycle completed in 2 years |
| perennial | takes more than two years to grow to maturity |
| hunan life depends on _____ | seed plants |
Created by:
andreaharper