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Chem 110 review 01
Review test for chem 110 DelTech Owens
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemistry is the study of __; its properties and the changes it undergoes, including energy changes that accompany some processes. | Matter |
| Anything that has mass and occupies space can be called __. | matter |
| The ability to do work to accomplish some change (or cause movement) is called __. | energy |
| Changes in matter always involve either gain or loss of __. | energy |
| The study of chemistry involves matter, energy, and their __. | interrelationship |
| Matter and energy are at the heart of __. | chemistry |
| The study of life at the molecular level, and the study of the processes associated with life, is called __. | biochemistry |
| Biochemistry deals with the processes associated with life, such as __, __, and __. | reproduction, growth, and respiration |
| The study of matter that is composed principally of carbon and hydrogen is called __ __. | organic chemistry |
| Organic chemists study methods of preparing substances like __, __, __, and industrial __. | plastics, drugs, solvents, industrial chemicals |
| The study of matter that consists of all the elements OTHER than carbon and hydrogen is called __ __. | inorganic chemistry |
| Inorganic chemists have developed substances such as __ and high temperature __ for industrial use. | semiconductors and high temperature ceramics |
| The analysis of matter to determine its composition and how much of each kind of matter that is present is called __ __. | analytical chemistry |
| Analytical chemists detect traces of __ __ in the air and water. | toxic chemicals |
| Analytical chemists develop methods of analyzing human body fluids for __, __, and levels of __. | drugs, poisons, levels of medication |
| A discipline that attempts to explain the way in which matter behaves is called __ __. | physical chemistry |
| Physical chemists develop theoretical concepts and try to prove them __. | experimentally |
| __ is a consequence of changes that chemical substances undergo. | Function |
| A systematic approach to the discovery of new information is called __ __ __. | the scientific method |
| The scientific method is an __ __ to solving scientific problems, not a "cookbook recipe" that will yield new discoveries. | organized approach |
| The first step in the scientific method is called __. | observation |
| The second step in the scientific method is called __ __ __ __. | formation of a question |
| The third step in the scientific method is called __ __. | pattern recognition |
| The fourth step in the scientific method is called __ __. | theory development |
| The fifth step in the scientific method is called __. | experimentation |
| The sixth step in the scientific method is called __ __. | information summarization |
| The color, taste, or odor of a substance is a result of __. | observation |
| Asking why a substance has a certain color, taste, or odor is an example of __ __ __. | formulating a question |
| The discovery of a cause-and-effect relationship between the behavior or a substance and something else is called __ __. | pattern recognition |
| An explanation for an observed phenomenon is called __ __. | theory development |
| A __ is simply an attempt to explain an observation, while a __ is a hypothesis supported by extensive testing that can predict new facts. | hypothesis, theory |
| To demonstrate the correctness or incorrectness of a hypothesis or theory is called __; it is at the heart of the scientific method. | experimentation |
| Summarizing the results of experimentation the describes a phenomenon is called __ __. | information summarization |
| A scientific __ is the summary of a large quantity of information. | law |
| __ helps us make ideas more clear. | Models |
| The __ __ __ __ has been developed from experimental observations over the past 200 years. | atomic theory of matter |
| Theory and experiment are mutually __. | reinforcing |
| Characteristics of matter are called __. | properties |
| Properties of matter are classified as either __ or __. | physical or chemical |
| A scientific experiment produces __. | data |
| Each piece of data collected during an experiment is the result of a single __ or __. | measurement or observation |
| Name 6 examples of common types of data collected during experiments. | 1) mass 2)length 3)volume 4)time 5)temperature 6)energy |
| The outcome of an experiment is called a __. | result |
| Data and results may be __. But often, they are not. | identical |
| Several pieces of data can be combined, and __ is used to produce a result. | logic |
| The individual details of an experiment are the _; the conclusions based on the data are the _. | data, result |
| The more complete the data gathered during an experiment, the better the __ of the result. | quality |
| Name the 3 states of matter. | gaseous, liquid, solid |
| A gas is made up of particles that are widely __. | separated |
| A gas will expand to __ any container and has no definite shape or volume. | fill |
| Particles of liquid are __ together than those of a gas. | closer |
| Liquids have a definite __ but no definite shape. | volume |
| Particles of a solid are __ together than those of a liquid or a gas. | closer |
| Solids often have a regular and predictable pattern of particle __. | arrangement |
| A solid has a fixed __ and a fixed __. | volume, shape |
| Attractive forces are very _ in solids and very __ in gases. | strong (or pronounced), weak |
| Conversion of a substance from one state to another constitutes a __ __. | physical change |
| A physical change produces a recognizable difference in the __ of a substance without causing any change in its __ or __. | appearance, composition or identity |
| A __ __ can be observed or measured without changing the composition or identity of the substance. | physical property |
| Unlike physical properties, chemical properties result in a __ of composition and can be observed through chemical reactions. | change |
| The process of rearranging, removing, replacing, or adding atoms to produce new substances is called a __ __. | chemical reaction |
| If a change to a substance is reversible, then it has undergone a __ __. | physical change |
| If a change to a substance is not reversible, then it has undergone a __ __. | chemical change |
| In intensive property is a property that is __ of the quantity of the substance. | independent |
| An extensive property is a property that is __ on the quantity of the substance. | dependent |
| Temperature is an __ property. (intensive or extensive) | intensive |
| A pure substance has only __ component. | one |
| A __ is a combination of 2 or more pure substances wherein each substance retains its own identity. | mixture |
| Water is a __. (pure substance or mixture) | pure substance |
| An element is a __ that cannot be changed into a simpler form of matter by any chemical reaction. | pure substance |
| A __ is a substance resulting from the combination of 2 or more elements in a definite, reproducible way. | compound |
| Alcohol and water can be combined into a __; they will coexist as pure substances because they do not undergo a chemical reaction when pure together. | mixture |
| A mixture may be __ or __. | homogenous or heterogeneous |
| If a mixture has a uniform composition, it is __. (homogenous or heterogeneous) | homogenous |
| A homogenous mixture, such as alcohol and water, is called a __. | solution |
| Air, a mixture of gases, is a gaseous __. | solution |
| A heterogeneous mixture has a __ composition. | nonuniform |
| A mixture of salt and pepper is a good example of a __ mixture. | heterogeneous |
| Is concrete a homogenous or a heterogeneous mixture? | heterogeneous |
| When combined, salt and water form a __ mixture. | homogenous |
| Information-bearing figures in a number are termed __ __. | significant figures |
| The term significant figures is all digits in a number representing data that are known with certainty plus one __ digit. | uncertain |
| __ involves the representation of a number as a power of 10. | scientific notation |
| Another word for scientific notation is __ __. | exponential notation |
| When writing in scientific notation, a positive exponent represents the number of decimal places you move to the __. | right |
| When writing in scientific notation, a negative exponent represents the number of decimal places you move to the __. | left |
| When writing a figure in scientific notation, the decimal always goes __ space to the right of the first digit. | one |
| __ is the difference between the true value and our estimation of the value. | Error |
| Two types of error exist: __ error and __ error. | random error and systemic error |
| Random error causes data to be scattered in a more or less __ way around some average value. | uniform |
| Systemic error causes data to be __ or __ than the accepted value. | smaller or larger |
| Which kind of error (random or systemic) is inherent in experimentation? | random |
| Which kind of error (random or systemic) can be found and sometimes corrected? | systemic |
| Dust on weight scale, which makes items appear to be slightly heavier than they truly are, is an example of which kind of error? (Random or systemic?) | systemic |
| __ is the degree of agreement between the true value and the measured value. | Accuracy |
| __ is the degree of doubt in a single measurement. | Uncertainty |
| The presence of some error is a __ of any measurement. | consequence |
| Some doubt or uncertainty is present in any experiment because the answer cannot be expressed mathematically with an __ number of digits. | infinite |
| It is always best to measure a quantity __ times. | several |
| Replicating measurements of the same quantity minimizes the __ of the result. | uncertainty |
| __ is a measure of the agreement of replicated measurements. | Precision |
| True or false: accuracy and precision are really just the same thing. | false |
| Precise measurements yield close results to one another, but if they are far from the true figure, then they are still __. | inaccurate |
| When performing mathematical calculations, the final answer can only be as accurate as the __ accurate figure in the equation. | least |
| __ numbers have uncertainty. | Inexact |
| Exact numbers have no __. | uncertainty |
| If there are exactly 60 minutes in an hour (which is true) then 60 minutes is an _ number. | exact |
| The last digit of the result of any equation is the most __. | uncertain |
| The "EE" key on a graphing calculator means times __. | ten |
| Regarding significant figures: the answer to an equation cannot have __ significance than any of the quantities that produced the answer. | greater |
| If you add 4.26 and 3.831 in a calculator, the answer is 8.091. But how would you write the answer? | 8.09 (3 significan digits) |
| A __ defines the basic quantity being measured in an experiement. | unit |
| Unlike the English system of measurement, the metric system is truly __. | systematic |
| The metric system is composed of a set of units that are related decimally; in other words, as powers of __. | ten |
| In the metric system, mass is represented as __. | grams |
| In the metric system, length is represented as __. | meters |
| In the metric system, volumes is represented as __. | liters |
| Grams, meters, and liters are the 3 basic __ of the metric system. | units |
| To convert from one unit to another, we must have a __ __ that relate the two units. | conversion factor |
| The proper use of conversion factors is called the __-__ method. | factor-label method |
| When using conversion factors to convert units of measure, the unit of measure you're trying to convert to always goes __ the dividing line. | below |
| Converting a quantity expressed in one measuring system to a quantity expressed in another requires a __ __ unit. | briding conversion unit |
| __ describes the quantity of matter in an object. | Mass |
| __ is the force of gravity on an object. | Weight |
| Mass is __ of gravity. | independent |
| Mass is a result of a comparison of an unknown mass with a known mass. The known mass is called a __ __. | standard mass |
| __ are instruments used to measure the mass of materials. | Balances |
| The mass of an atom is measured in __ __ __. | atomic mass units (amu) |
| A __ is the standard metric unit of length. | meter (m) |
| The standard metric unit for measure volume is the __. | liter (L) |
| 1 mL is, by definition, equal to 1 __. | 1 cm^3 (one centimeter squared) |
| The standard metric unit for measuring time is the __. | second |
| **The relationship between heat content and temperature depends on the __ and __ of the material. | quantity and composition |
| Celsius and __ temperature measurements are used exclusively in chemistry. | kelvin |
| To convert from Celsius to Kelvin, we use what formula? | K = C + 273.15 |
| Energy is the ability to do _. | work |
| In what 2 ways can energy be categorized? Note that all energy falls under one of these categories. | kinetic and potential |
| The energy of motion is categorized as __ __. It is energy in process. | kinetic energy |
| The energy of position is categorized as __ __. It is stored energy. | potential energy |
| In chemical reactions, energy cannot be __ or __. | created or destroyed |
| Energy may be __ from one form to another. | converted |
| Conversion of energy from one form to another will always occur with less than __ efficiency. | 100% |
| When converted, energy is not __; rather, it is not useful. | lost |
| Heat energy may be represented in what 2 forms of measurement? | calories (cal) and joules (j) |
| One calorie is defined as the amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of 1 g of __ by 1 degree Celsius. | water |
| The measurement of heat energy is dependent upon the quantity of the material. So it is an __ property. | extensive property (because it's dependent on quantity) |
| Actual temperature is an __ quantity because it is independent of quantity. | intensive property |
| The traditional food calorie, denoted by a capital C, is actually a __. | kilocalorie |
| The kilocalorie, or large C calorie, is equal __ small calories. | 1000 |
| Not all substances have the same ability to hold heat. One gram of iron and one gram of water do __ contain the same amount of heat energy. | not |
| __ is a measure of the number of particles of a substance, or the mass of those particles, that are contained in a specified volume. | Concentration |
| How do you find the density of a substance? | Divide its mass by its volume. D=M/V |
| __ is the ration of mass to volume. | Density |
| In density calculations, mass is usually represented in __. | grams (g) |
| In density calculations, volume is usually represented in __ or __ __. | milliliters (mL) or cubic centimeters (cm^3 or cc) |
| Specific gravity is a __ term. | unitless |
| Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of the object in question to the density of _ __ at __ __ __. | pure water at 4 degrees Celsius |
| The numerical values for the density and specific gravity of a substance are __. | equal |
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IsaacJ
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