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Psychology Ch. 2.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Erikson's dilemma of trust vs. mistrust is associated with which of these age ranges? A. 2-3 yrs B. birth to 1 yr C. 30-60 yrs D. 18-30 yrs | B. birth to 1 yr |
| Which of the following is NOT a goal of developmental theories? A. to explain age-related changes B. to predict age-related changes C. to control age-related changes D. to describe age-related changes | C. to control age-related changes |
| According to Erikson, which factor is generally considered to be an essential aspect of a school-age child's psychosocial development? C. acquiring skills that are deemed important by the child's culture D. becoming purposeful, goal oriented, & assert | C |
| During which of Piaget's stages does the child learn to reason logically about hypothetical situations? | formal operations |
| Information is actively process in the __ __ component of the information-processing system. A. sensory memory B. short-term memory C. episodic memory D. semantic memory | B. short-term memory |
| Neo-Piagetians' explanations of cognitive development employ concepts from Piaget's theory of cognitive development and: B. Vygotsky's sociocultural theory C. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development D. information-processing theory | D. information-processing theory |
| Which of the following is true of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory? C. there is insufficient evidence to either support or contradict most of the theory D. it has more empirical support than Piaget's theory | C |
| Both Freud's psychoanalytic theory and Skinner's operant conditioning theory: A. claim that we are passive recipients of environmental influences B. are cognitive theories C. assert that nurture has a larger impact on development than nurture does | A |
| 7 yr old Bethany saw some money on the kitchen table. She really wanted to take it so she could buy some candy, but her conscience kept her from doing so. According to Freud, which part(s) of Bethany's personality interacted to tempt her to take the $? | id and ego |
| Which of the following best defines Erikson's concept of ego integrity? A. the need to believe that one's life has been worthwhile B. the need to resolve a midlife crisis C. a sense of needing to make up for one's shortcomings | A |
| Which of the following features of Piaget's theory of cognitive development has been strongly supported by research? A. the ages at which children transition from one stage to the next B. the sequence of cognitive development | B |
| Which theorist developed a model of the interactive contexts in which children develop? | Bronfenbrenner |
| The idea that certain human behaviors have developed and persisted in order to ensure survival of the species is drawn from which of the following? A. ethology B. classical conditioning C. nativism D. behaviorism | A. ethology |
| Which is a true statement regarding operant conditioning theory? B. our environment provides us w/consequences for our actions, & those consequences determine our future behavior C. development stages unfold according to a biological sequence | B |
| Which theorist proposed a theory of observational learning? | Albert Bandura |
| When first presented w/a drinking cup, 8 month old Lucy attempted to suck the liquid out. Which of Piaget's concepts explains Lucy's behavior? A. assimilation B. accommodation c. cognition D. equilibration | A. assimilation |
| Erikson is to psychosocial as Freud is to __. | psychosexual |
| Based on his research, Piaget concluded that the capacity for logical thinking: A. is an inborn characteristic of humans that is fully developed by age six B. exists only in adults c. develops in four stages | C. develops in four stages |
| Alicia was bitten by a dog at age 4. Even though she is now an adult, she still starts to sweat and her heart begins to race every time she sees a dog. According to classical conditioning, her physical response to dogs is a(n): | conditioned response |
| 4 yr old Mark eagerly bit into a lemon wedge. In response to the lemon's sour taste, he said, "yuck!" Mark never bit a lemon again. Skinner would say that the lemon's taste functioned as a __ for Mark's lemon-eating behavior. | punishment |
| Which of the following reinforcement schedules produces behaviors which are difficult to extinguish? A. interval B. fixed C. partial D. continuous | C. partial |
| Which of the following is true of research examining children's memories? C. Younger children's short-term memories r more limited in capacity than those of older children D. older children's sensory memories r more fully developed than younger childr | C |
| According to Bandura, which of the following terms best describes the expectancies we acquire about what we can and cannot do? A. self-evidence B. self monitoring C. self-efficacy D. self evaluation | C. self-efficacy |
| "Social interactions are the most important contributors to a child's cognitive development." Which of the following theorists would most likely support this statement? A. Piaget B. Bronfenbrenner C. Vygotsky D. Freud | C. Vygotsky |
| According to the principles of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, __ shape our responses to new information. A. schemes B. reinforcements C. emotions D. genes | A. schemes |
Created by:
khinson