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DNA
| What does DNA stand for? | Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid |
|---|---|
| What does DNA do? | Stores and transmits genetic information to the cell |
| DNA is composed of _________ | Nucleotides |
| Nucleotides are composed of three parts: ____, _____, and _____. | 1. deoxyribose (sugar) 2. phosphate group (P) 3. nitrogen-containing base |
| The four nitrogen-containing bases for DNA are: | 1. Adenine (A) 2. Guanine (G) 3. Cytosine (C) 4. Thymine (T) |
| Adenine and Guanine are ________ | purines |
| Cytosine and Thymine are ___________ | pyrimidines |
| In DNA, Adenine pairs with _______ | Thymine |
| In DNA, Cytosine pairs with ______ | Guanine |
| Who figured out that adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine? | Chargaff |
| Who figured out that DNA is shaped like a spiral? | Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins |
| Who built the first DNA model? | Watson and Crick |
| ______ are the building blocks and repair parts of the cell. | Proteins |
| Ribosomes are made in the __________. | nucleolus |
| Where is the DNA in the cell? | In the nucleus |
| Where does DNA make messenger RNA (mRNA)? | In the nucleus |
| Ribosomes make _______ | protein |
| Protein is transported through the ________ ___ | rough ER |
| Protein is packaged by the ______ _____ | Golgi complex |
| What does RNA stand for? | Ribonucleic acid |
| What does RNA do? | Takes the information from DNA out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm |
| What 3 ways is RNA different from DNA? | 1. RNA is single strand. DNA is double strand. 2. Ribose is the sugar for RNA. 3. RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T). |
| What is the shape of DNA? | DNA is in the shape of a double helix. |
| The two strands of DNA are __________. In other words, if you know the structure of one strand, you can figure out the structure of the second strand. | complementary |
| What is the complementary DNA strand for: A-C-T-G-C-T-A | T-G-A-C-G-A-T |
| Copying DNA to form two identical strands of DNA is called ___________ | DNA Replication |
| What are the steps of DNA Replication | 1. DNA unwinds in the presence of helicase 2. New nucleotides attach to the exposed chain 3. DNA polymerase joins the pieces 4. The 2 strands separate |
| What are the 3 types of RNA? | 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) 2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) 3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
| What does mRNA do? | carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
| What does tRNA do? | carries amino acids to the ribosome |
| What does rRNA do? | makes up the ribosome |
| What are the 2 parts of protein synthesis? | 1. Transcription 2. Translation |
| What happens in transcription? | RNA is made from DNA |
| What happens in translation? | protein is made based on the instructions of mRNA |
| What's a codon? | a set of 3 bases on mRNA |
| A codon carries information for making an ____ ____. | amino acid |
| Proteins are made from combinations of ___ amino acids. | 20 |
| What is the "start" codon? | AUG |
| What are the 3 "stop" codons? | UAA, UAG, UGA |
| What is a gene? | A gene is the region of DNA that codes for protein synthesis |
Created by:
alexander.johnson