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DNA

What does DNA stand for?Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
What does DNA do? Stores and transmits genetic information to the cell
DNA is composed of _________ Nucleotides
Nucleotides are composed of three parts: ____, _____, and _____. 1. deoxyribose (sugar) 2. phosphate group (P) 3. nitrogen-containing base
The four nitrogen-containing bases for DNA are: 1. Adenine (A) 2. Guanine (G) 3. Cytosine (C) 4. Thymine (T)
Adenine and Guanine are ________ purines
Cytosine and Thymine are ___________ pyrimidines
In DNA, Adenine pairs with _______ Thymine
In DNA, Cytosine pairs with ______ Guanine
Who figured out that adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine? Chargaff
Who figured out that DNA is shaped like a spiral? Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
Who built the first DNA model? Watson and Crick
______ are the building blocks and repair parts of the cell. Proteins
Ribosomes are made in the __________. nucleolus
Where is the DNA in the cell? In the nucleus
Where does DNA make messenger RNA (mRNA)? In the nucleus
Ribosomes make _______ protein
Protein is transported through the ________ ___ rough ER
Protein is packaged by the ______ _____ Golgi complex
What does RNA stand for? Ribonucleic acid
What does RNA do? Takes the information from DNA out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm
What 3 ways is RNA different from DNA? 1. RNA is single strand. DNA is double strand. 2. Ribose is the sugar for RNA. 3. RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
What is the shape of DNA? DNA is in the shape of a double helix.
The two strands of DNA are __________. In other words, if you know the structure of one strand, you can figure out the structure of the second strand. complementary
What is the complementary DNA strand for: A-C-T-G-C-T-A T-G-A-C-G-A-T
Copying DNA to form two identical strands of DNA is called ___________ DNA Replication
What are the steps of DNA Replication 1. DNA unwinds in the presence of helicase 2. New nucleotides attach to the exposed chain 3. DNA polymerase joins the pieces 4. The 2 strands separate
What are the 3 types of RNA? 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) 2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) 3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What does mRNA do? carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm
What does tRNA do? carries amino acids to the ribosome
What does rRNA do? makes up the ribosome
What are the 2 parts of protein synthesis? 1. Transcription 2. Translation
What happens in transcription? RNA is made from DNA
What happens in translation? protein is made based on the instructions of mRNA
What's a codon? a set of 3 bases on mRNA
A codon carries information for making an ____ ____. amino acid
Proteins are made from combinations of ___ amino acids. 20
What is the "start" codon? AUG
What are the 3 "stop" codons? UAA, UAG, UGA
What is a gene? A gene is the region of DNA that codes for protein synthesis
 

 



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