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AP Lit Final
Terms for AP Lit Semester 1 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Apostrophe | A rhetorical device in which an absent or imaginary person or an abstraction is directly addressed as though present. |
| Archetype | A recurrent pattern in bodies of literature, such as the loss of paradise. |
| Blank Verse | Unrhymed iambic pentameter. This meter is well-adapted to dramatic verse in English, such as Shakespeare's plays, as well as to any long poem. |
| Caesura | A pause in a line of poetry created not by the meter, buy by the natural speaking rhythm, sometimes coinciding with punctuation. |
| Carpe Diem poetry | From the Latin, the admonition often translated as "seize the day". |
| Conceit | A metaphor of great ingenuity in which a fanciful notion, and elaborate analogy, or a striking parallel between seemingly dissimilar things is spun out at length. A conceit is paradoxical, witty, and startling. |
| Connotation | Beyond denotation, the emotional implications and associations that a word carries. |
| Denotation | The literal, basic meaning of a word, independent of emotional associations. |
| Dramatic monologue | The speaker is addressing a silent, identifiable listener in a single, sustained utterance. |
| Elegy | A formal poem meditating on death or another solemn theme, often a lamentation for a particular person. |
| Elizabethan sonnet. | Sonnet. |
| End-stopped line | A line of poetry that ends when the grammatical unit ends. Its opposite is enjambment. |
| Enjambment | "a striding over" a line of poetry in which the sense and grammatical construction continue on to the next line. |
| Explication | The close analysis of the meanings, relationships, and ambiguities of words, images, and other small units of a literary work. |
| Foil | In literature, a character who, through contrast, underscores the distinctive characteristics of another and more important character. |
| Frame story | A narrative that is a framework for another story or stories. The frame usually explains or sets up the interior story; often the narrative returns to the frame situation to provide closure at the end. |
| Free verse | Poetry without a regular pattern of meter and rhyme, relying on other elements for its structure. |
| Hyperbole | A figure of speech in which one says more than one means, overstating and exaggerating. It may be used for humor or to heighten another effect. |
| Iamb/iambic | Meter. |
| Imagery | A literal and concrete representation of a sensory experience or an object that can be known by the senses. |
| Interior monologue | A recording of internal emotional experience on a non-verbalized level. |
| Italian sonnet | "Petrarchan" 14 lines, octet and sestet. |
| Irony | A recognition of incongruities in event, situation, or structure in which reality differs from appearance. The operative word is "opposite." |
| Literary present tense | By convention, the present tense is used when writing about imaginative literature, except when discussing antecedent action. |
| Lyric verse | A short poem expressing an emotional state or a process of thought. It is often melodic and euphonious, and creates a single, unified impression. |
| Metaphor | An implied comparison in which two unlike things are linked by a surprising similarity. |
| Meter | The repeated pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry. |
| Metonymy | A figure of speech in which an associated word rather than the literal word is used, as using a part to stand for the whole. |
| Motif | A dominant idea in a work of literature, which may be expressed through characterization, verbal patterns, or imagery. Often help to unify the work. |
| Narrator | The teller of the story may be an omniscient narrator who is outside the story and uses the third person. |
| Octave | Any eight-line stanza, usually in an Italian sonnet. |
| Ode | Exalted lyrical verse that is elaborate, solemn, and stately. Having formal divisions in classical poetry, it tends now to have no set form. |
| Onomatopoeia | A Greek term for imitative sounds; |
| Paradox | This rhetorical device is a seemingly contradictory or absurd statement that is actually well-founded, often with unexpected meaning, and always pointing to a truth. |
| Paraphrase | A restatement of a passage that retains the meaning while changing it to ordinary form and syntax and usually retains the point of view of the passage. |
| Persona | Literally, a mask. |
| Point of view | The perspective of the narrator of a story. |
| Rhyme | Sound correspondence often found at the ends of lines of poetry or within the line. |
| Rhyme scheme | See rhyme. |
| Romance | Fiction with extravagant characters, remote and exotic settings, heroic events, passionate love, and element of mystery and the supernatural. This mode is free of the restrictions of realism and verisimilitude. |
| Scansion | The system for describing convential rhythms by dividing lines into syllables and laying bare the essential pattern of accented and unaccented syllables in order to discover the predominant rhythm in a poem. |
| Sestina | A fixed poetic form of six, six-lined stanzas and a three-linen envoy. It is unrhymed, but has a fixed pattern of end words in a different sequence in each stanza. |
| Shakespearean sonnet | 3 quatrains and a couplet. |
| Simile | A similarity between two essentially unlike things that is directly expressed |
| Slant rhyme | Se rhyme. |
| Soliloquy | A speech delivered when the speaker is alone on stage, meant to inform the audience of what is in the character's mind. |
| Sonnet | A fixed form that derives from the Italian sonnet. |
| Structure | In fiction, the plot itself provides structure, in drama, the plan of acts and scenes structures the action. |
| Symbol | An image with another level of meaning. |
| Synechdoche | The figurative use of a narrower term for a wider one or vice versa. The part signifies the whole or the whole the part. |
| Syntax | The arrangement of words within a sentence. |
| Theme | A focal idea that controls the piece of writing and provides its central insight. |
| Tone | The author's attitude toward the audience or the subject, implied or related directly through authorial voice. |
| Tragedy | The celebration of human courage and dignity in the face of inevitable suffering, defeat, and death. |
| Unreliable narrator | This character may misunderstand or erroneously report the action, motives, or circumstances of a story, leaving the reader with no guide for judgement. |
| Wit | Like humor, wit produces laughter, but does so with less sympathy and more satiric intent. |
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