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Physics Unit 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The nucleus of the atom consists of two particles, the proton and the ______________. | neutron |
| The process by which a radioactive isotope loses protons or other materials from the nucleus is called ___________. | decay |
| The particles composing the nucleus are called ___________. | nucleons |
| The nucleus that exists BEFORE decay is called a ____________ nucleus. | parent |
| The nucleus that exists AFTER decay is called a ____________ nucleus. | daughter |
| An alpha particle has 2 each of ________________. | protons and neutrons |
| The proton has _________ charge. | positive |
| The neutron has ____________ charge. | no |
| An electron with an antineutrino or a positron with a neutrino is called a _________ particle. | beta |
| A wave of nucleus-produced photons is called ____________ radiation. | gamma |
| A unit of measurement called the ____________ is 10^-15 m in length. | femtometer |
| _____________ radiation can penetrate through several centimeters of lead. | Gamma |
| ___________ particles will pass through paper but can be stopped by a sheet of aluminum. | Beta |
| _________ particles have the lowest penetrating power and can be stopped by a few sheets of paper. | Alpha |
| The rate of decay of radioactive elements is expressed in terms of ___________. | half-life |
| Atoms which have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called _______________. | isotopes |
| In the nucleus, protons move _______________ each other. | away from |
| ____________ fill in the spaces between protons. | Neutrons |
| The fundamental force that binds the nucleus is the ______________ force. | strong nuclear |
| The fundamental force responsible for beta decay is the ____________ force. | weak nuclear |
| The change of one element to a new element by alpha or beta decay is called _______________. | transmutation |
| The forces acting on the nucleons force the ______________ into an irregular shape. | nucleus |
| Atoms whose nuclear diameters exceed the range of the _______________ become unstable. | strong force |
| The separation of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei is called ________________. | fission |
| The combining of two lighter nuclei to form a heavy nucleus is ____________. | fusion |
| The distortion of a heavy nucleus after being bombarded by a neutron may be enough to overcome the __________ force and allow fission to occur. | strong |
| The two most important ____________ materials are uranium-235 and plutonium-239. | fissionable |
| A chain reaction is a ____________ fission reaction. | sustained |
| Nuclei of tritium and deuterium combine to form ___________ and release a neutron. | helium |
| In nuclear fusion, the fundamental force that must be overcome is the ______________ force. | strong |
| Nuclear fusion must take place under __________ temperature and pressure conditions. | high |
| Almost every particle exists as a member of a matter and ____________ pair. | antimatter |
| Matter and antimatter cannot _____________ in the same vicinity. | exist |
| By themselves, elementary particles have very ____________ lives. | short |
| The theoretical building block of all particles having mass is the _______________. | quark |
| Massless particles called ____________ bind quarks together. | gluons |
| There are four basic groups of _____________________: baryons, gauge bosons, leptons, and mesons. | elementary particles |
| Within just a few ____________ a chain reaction will involve all of the fissionable materials available. | milliseconds |
| If a nuclear reaction takes place without moderating material, the reaction will _____________. | explode |
| A massless particle produced by the quantum movement of an electron is called a(n) ___________. | photon |
| The positive equivalent of an electron is called a(n) _______________. | positron |
| A ______________ is a "baby" neutron that is part of a beta particle. | neutrino |
| A(n) ____________ is an example of an antimatter particle that would be found in the nucleus of an atom of antihydrogen. | antiproton |
| The experiments of Michelson and Morley showed that light ___________ affected by the ether. | is not |
| In physics, the fourth dimension is ____________. | time |
| Einstein's formula relating energy, mass, and the speed of light is _______________. | E=mc2 |
| One of the tenets of the special theory of relativity is that an observer sees a dilation of time and a contraction of ____________ in a moving object. | space |
| __________________ helps to explain the workings of the very, very small. | Quantum mechanics |
| ______________ helps to explain the workings of the very, very large. | Relativity |
| ___________ formulas are useful in predicting the behaviors of objects within our solar system. | Newtonian |
| In the presence of a gravitational field, light follows a ____________. | geodesic |
| The principle that acceleration of a mass in an inertial frame is equal to gravitation is called ____________. | equivalence |
| General relativity was Einstein's new concept of _____________. | gravitation |
| Objects bend space in proportion to their ____________. | mass |
| The "straightest" line in curved space is called a ___________. | geodesic |
| The special theory of relativity held that space and time are relative and that the absolute in the universe is __________________. | the speed of light in a vacuum |
| The first postulate for special relativity is that all of the laws of nature are ______________ in all inertial frames of reference. | the same |
| The second postulate for special relativity is that __________________ is constant. | the speed of light in a vacuum |
| T/F Light can be bent by gravity. | T |
| T/F Newton demonstrated that time can be distorted by gravity. | F |
| T/F In an inertial frame an observer is not aware of any movement. | T |
| T/F Until the late 20th century, most scientists believed that light traveled through a medium called ether. | F |
| T/F Michelson and Morley explained that the speed of light is a constant. | F |
| The process by which a radioactive isotope loses protons or other materials from the nucleus is called ____________. | decay |
| The particles composing the nucleus are called ____________. | nucleons |
| The nucleus that exists before decay is called a ________________ nucleus. | parent |
| The nucleus that exists after decay is called a _______________ nucleus. | daughter |
| A(n) _____________ particle has 2 each of protons and neutrons. | alpha |
| A(n) __________ particle has either an electron with an antineutrino or a positron with a neutrino. | beta |
| ______________ radiation is a wave of nucleus-produced photons. | Gamma |
| The separation of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei is called _____________. | fission |
| The combining of two lighter nuclei to form a heavy nucleus is called __________. | fusion |
| The two most important _______________ materials are 235U and 239P. | fissionable |
| A __________ reaction is a sustained fission reaction. | chain |
| A unit of measurement called the _______________ is 10^-15 m in length. | femtometer |
| ______________ radiation can penetrate through several centimeters of lead. | Gamma |
| ____________ particles will pass through paper but can be stopped by a sheet of aluminum. | Beta |
| _____________ particles have the lowest penetrating power and can be stopped by a few sheets of paper. | Alpha |
| The rate of decay of radioactive elements is expressed in terms of ______________. | half-life |
| Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of _____________. | neutrons |
| A massless particle produced by the quantum movement of an electron is called a _______________. | photon |
| A neutrino is a "baby" neutron that is part of a(n) ___________ particle. | beta |
| An example of an antimatter particle that would be found in the nucleus of an atom of antihydrogen is the ______________. | antiproton |
| Einstein's formula that energy and mass are proportional is ___________. | E=mc2 |
| Special relativity states that all of the laws of nature are the same in all ___________ frames of reference. | inertial |
| ______________ can be bent by gravity. | Light |
| Einstein demonstrated that time ____________ be distorted by gravity. | can |
| In an inertial frame an observer ______________ aware of any movement. | is not |
| T/F The fundamental force that binds the nucleus is gravitation. | F/strong nuclear force |
| T/F The fundamental force controlling beta decay is the weak force. | T |
| T/F The change of one element to a new element by alpha or beta decay is called transmutation. | T |
| T/F Most particles do not exist as a member of a matter and antimatter pair. | F/do |
| T/F The theoretical building block of all particles having mass is the gluon. | F/quark |
| T/F There are four basic groups of elementary particles. | T |
| T/F The experiments of Michelson and Morley showed that the speed of light is not affected by the ether. | T |
| T/F In the presence of a gravitational field, light follows a geodesic. | T |
| T/F Einstein's new concept of gravitation was outlined in his paper on special relativity. | F/general |
| T/F The general theory of relativity held that space and time are relative and that the absolute in the universe is the speed of light. | F/in a vacuum |
| T/F Objects bend space in proportion to their mass. | T |
| T/F Newtonian formulas are useful in predicting the behaviors of objects in our solar system. | T |
| T/F Quantum physics helps to explain the workings of the very, very small. | T |
| T/F Relativity helps to explain the workings of the very, very large. | T |
Created by:
jhincks
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