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Mod1 Lesson1 DA
Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) | Section of central processing unit that performs arithmetic computations and logical operations. |
| Binary | Machine language that is made up of only 0s and 1s. |
| Bit | A single zero or a single one in machine language |
| BIOS ROM | A type of computer chip where instructions for starting up the computer are stored. |
| Byte | A single character in computer language; eight bits are equal to one byte. |
| Central Processing Unit (CPU) | Microprocessor that is the brains of the computer. |
| Circuit Board | Thin plate or board that contains electronic components. |
| Computer | An electronic device that receives data (input), processes data, stores data, and produces a result (output). |
| Control Unit | Coordinates all of the processor's activities. |
| Data | Text, numbers, sounds, images, or video. |
| Dual-core Processor | A single chip that contains two separate processors. |
| Embedded Computers | Perform specific tasks and can be found in a range of devices such as a digital watch or an MP3 player. |
| File Allocation Table (FAT) | A special log on a magnetic storage disk where each track is labeled and given a location. |
| Hard Disks | Used to store data inside the computer; removable versions also available. |
| Hardware | The actual machine--wires, transistors, and circuits--in a computer system. |
| Information | Output produced by a computer. |
| Memory | Short term or long term way to store a file or information. |
| Mobile Devices | Small general-purpose computers that can generally fit into the palm of your hand. |
| Motherboard | Circuit board mounted in a computer case that contains integral components. |
| Multicore Processor | An expansion that provides for more than two separate processors. |
| Network Drive | A hard drive or a tape drive located on a computer other than the user's local system. |
| Notebook Computers | Small personal computers that contain the monitor with a built-in keyboard; also called laptop computers. |
| Random Access Memory (RAM) | Short term memory located on the motherboard that the computer can read from and write to temporarily. |
| Read-Only Memory (ROM) | Stores specific instructions needed for computer operations. |
| Remote Storage | Used to extend disk space on a server and eliminate the addition of more hard disks or other storage devices. |
| Server | A general-purpose computer that can support a few users or hundreds of users; variations include file server, database server, and Web server. |
| Software | Instructions or programs for controlling the computer. |
| Supercomputer | Fastest type of computer; used for specialized applications to process enormous amounts of data. |
| Tablet PC | Personal computer similar in size and thickness to a notepad; used with a stylus or digital pen on a touch screen. |
| Tracks | Circles on a magnetic storage device where data is stored or retrieved. |
| USB Flash Drive | Small removable solid-state storage device. |
| The computer is one of the most important ________ of the past century. | inventions |
| The first computers were developed in the late ______ and early ______ for use by the military and government. | 1940s; 1950s |
| The first ______ computer was built in 1976. The IBM PC was introduced in 1981. | Apple |
| True or False? Peripheral devices such as printers and monitors are software. | false; hardware |
| True or False? The users, the people who use computers, part of the computer system. | true |
| Special-purpose computers are used mostly to ________ other devices. | control |
| General-purpose computers are divided into _________, based on their physical size, function, cost, and performance: desktop and notebook computers; server; mobile devices; tablet PC; etc. | categories |
| Computers take ___ _____ and change it into information. | raw data |
| You input programs and data with some type of ______ device. | input |
| The computer uses __________ to process the data and turn it into information. | instructions |
| You ____ the information to some type of output device. | save |
| You store it for later _______. | retrieval |
| The _____________ is a circuit board that contains integral components: central processing unit, memory, basic controllers, and expansion slots. | motherboard |
| The central processing unit (CPU) is the ______ of the computer. | brains |
| The CPU has two primary sections: the __________________ and the ______________. | arithmetic/logic; control unit |
| The arithmetic/ logic unit (ALU) performs __________ computations and _________ operations. | arithmetic; logical |
| The control unit ___________ all of the processor's activities. | coordinates |
| You ___________ with the computer through ___________ languages. | communicate; programming |
| The computer uses machine languages, or _______, which is all 1s and 0s. | binary |
| In ________ language, the control unit sends out necessary __________ to execute the instructions. A single zero or a single one is a bit. A byte is a single character. | machine; messages |
| The memory on the motherboard is ___________, called random access memory (RAM). | short term |
| Data, information, and program instructions are stored _________ on a RAM chip and disappear when the computer is turned off. | temporarily |
| The _________________ is the amount of time it takes to retrieve instructions to perform a specified task and complete the command. | instruction cycle |
| The ________________ refers to the amount of time it takes the CPU to execute the instruction and store the results in RAM. | execution cycle |
| Together, the instruction cycle and one or more execution cycles create a ______________. | machine cycle |
| Another type of memory found on the motherboard is _____________________. | read-only memory (ROM) |
| ROM chips store ________ instructions that are needed for computer operation. | specific |
| The more common of these is the BIOS ROM, containing instructions to _____________________ when you turn on the computer. | start the system |
| To keep a __________________ of data, you must store it on a storage device. | permanent copy |
| Data is stored in _____________ in a special log on the disk called a file allocation table (FAT). | numbered tracks |
| Hard disks advantages are _____ and ________. | speed; capacity |
| Magnetic tape is primarily used for __________________ and _____________. | backup purposes; data collection |
| Since the introduction of ___ drives and solid-state storage media, disks are not as widely used. | USB |
| Use _____ technology to read and write data on _____________, like CDs and DVDs. | laser; silver platters |
| Removable medium that uses ________________, such as USB flash drive. | integrated circuits |
| Hard drive or tape connected to a _______________ and is available to and shared by multiple users. | network server |
| Keep away from _________ fields. | magnetic |
| Avoid _______ temperatures. | extreme |
| Remove media from drives and _____ them properly when not in use. | store |
| When handling DVDs and other optical discs, hold them at the _____. | edges |
| Never try to _______the media from a drive when the drive indicator light is on. | remove |
| Keep ____ in a sturdy case when transporting. | discs |
| One of the major areas of change in the evolution of computers will be ___________, or the ability to connect with other computers. | connectivity |
| Wireless and mobile devices will become the ____. | norm |
| Computer _______, which is the knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses, will become even more important. | literacy |
Created by:
denee_a