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2 Mitosis and Meisis
2 Mitosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the order of cell reproduction? (steps) | Interphase (G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase), Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, cytokinesis |
| What happens during prophase? | The chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the centrioles separate, nuclear envelopes break down, duplicated chromosomes become visible, A spindle forms outside of the nucleus |
| What happens during metaphase? | Chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell, the spindle fibers connect to the centromeres of the chromosomes |
| What happens during anaphase? | Sister chromatids separate and move apart and become individual chromosomes, the chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell when the spindle fibers contract |
| What happens during telophase? | The distinct and condensed chromosomes spread out into a tangle of chromatin, a nuclear envelope reforms around each group of chromosomes |
| Which phase takes the longest? | Prophase |
| What is cytokinesis? | The division of the cytoplasm |
| Describe cytokinesis in animal cells | The cell membrane draws inward and is pinched into two parts |
| Describe cytokinesis in plant cells | A cell plate forms halfway between the cell and develops into a cell membrane |
| What happens during the G1 Phase? | Most of the growing occurs, new proteins and organelles are synthesized |
| What happens during the S Phase? | New DNA is synthesized (doubles amount), chromosomes are replicated |
| What happens during the G2 Phase? | Synthesis of organelles and molecules needed for cell division |
| What does the "G" stand for? | Gap |
| What does the "S" stand for? | Synthesis |
| What are chromosomes? | Packages of DNA |
| What is chromatin? | A tightly wound protein and DNA = substance called chromatin |
| What are sister chromatids? | The two strands in a chromosome that are together (one strand=chromatid) |
| When do chromosomes first become visible? | Prophase |
| What are centrioles? | Structures that hold spindle fibers together |
| Why can't cells just keep getting bigger? | Because the surface area doesn't grow at the same rate as the volume, so the cell membrane (SA) doesn't allow enough materials to pass through it for the cell to function properly |
| Mit-Mei: No pairing of homologs occurs | Mitosis |
| Mit-Mei: Two divisions occur | Meiosis |
| Mit-Mei: Four daughter cells are made | Meiosis |
| Mit-Mei: Associated with asexual reproduction | Mitosis |
| Mit-Mei: Involves duplication of chromosomes | Mitosis and Meiosis |
| Mit-Mei: Chromosome number is maintained | Mitosis |
| Mit-Mei: Chromosome number is cut in half | Meiosis |
| Mit-Mei: Produces gametes (genetically varied) | Meiosis |
| The larger a cell's ? , the more materials it needs to function and the more waste it creates | Volume |
| What is the solution to information overload? | Cell division |
| As a cell's size increases, its amount of DNA... | decreases |
| How is information crisis solved? | The amount of DNA doubles before cell division |
| What are examples of asexual reproduction? | Growth: fish blastula, Repair: injury, Replacement: cells die |
| What are examples of sexual reproduction? | Human baby |
| What is a zygote? | The first, single cell of a baby |
| What is a gamete? | An egg or sperm |
| What is crossing over? Explain the steps.. | The process the cell undergoes to make tetrads. 1) Chromatids of the homologous chromosomes cross over one another 2) The crossed sections (containing alleles) are exchanged |
| When does crossing over occur? | Meiosis: Prophase 1 |
| What is the result of crossing over? | New combinations of alleles in the cell |
| What is a tetrad? | The structure the pairing forms (four chromatids) |
| What is a diploid cell? | 2N - A cell that contains both homologous chromosomes (2 sets) |
| What is a haploid cell? | N - A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes and a single set of genes (1 set) |
| What does homologous mean? | When each of the four chromosomes from the male have corresponding chromosomes with the female |
| What happens in Meiosis 1? | Two daughter cells are created, but the cells don't have complete sets of chromosomes |
| What happens in Meiosis 2? | The two cells do not go through a round of chromosome replication- 4 haploid daughter cells are created |
| What type of cells does binary fission take place in? | Prokaryotes |
| What is a karyotype? | A micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs |
| What is a real life example of karyotyping? | When a woman has a baby, and wants to check the baby to see if it will have any diseases |
Created by:
sarahgreene5274